Clinic Theory Test Chapter 33-38
What is the concentration of chlorhexidine gluconate approved for usage in the United States? A. 0.5% B. 0.3% C. 0.12% D. 1.15%
0.12%
All of the following chemotherapeutic agents are used for remineralization of tooth structure except one. Which one is the exception? A. 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate B. NovaMin C. Amorphous calcium phosphate D. Amorphous calcium phosphate-casein
0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate
Which of the following is an acceptable level of fluoride found in a community water supply? A. 1 ppm B. 2 ppm C. 3 ppm D. 4 ppm
1 ppm
Patients in need of dental sealants can have a deficit in which of the following human needs? 1. Biologically sound dentition 2. Skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck 3. Responsibility for oral health 4. Freedom from head and neck pain A. 1, 3, 4 B. 1, 3 C. 1, 2, 3 D. 1, 2, 4
1, 3
Which of the following medications causes xerostomia and might predispose an individual to dental caries? 1. Hydrochlorothiazide 2. Glucophage 3. Lipitor 4. Clarinex A. 1, 2 B. 2, 4 C. 3, 4 D. 1, 4 E. 1, 2, 4
1, 4 Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic and can cause xerostomia. Clarinex is an antihistamine and can cause xerostomia. Lipitor lowers cholesterol, and glucophage is used to control glucose levels in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Which of the following statements are true regarding filled sealants? 1. They are more durable over time. 2. They are less durable over time. 3. They are clear in color. The photopolymerization time is longer. 4. The photopolymerization time is shorter. A. 1, 3, 4 B. 1, 3, 5 C. 2, 3, 4 D. 2, 3, 5 E. 1, 5
1, 5
Rebecca, a 23-year-old Caucasian woman, has developed six carious lesions since her last dental examination 5 years ago. She has numerous existing restorations and several crowns. She reports that she snacks throughout the day. Rebecca does not floss. She brushes her teeth twice daily but is often in a hurry while doing so. Which of the following would be the most appropriate self-applied fluoride therapy for Rebecca? A. 2% sodium fluoride B. 1.1% sodium fluoride C. 0.2% sodium fluoride D. 8.0% stannous fluoride
1.1% sodium fluoride
What is the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium in a healthy young adult's diet? A. 500 mg B. 800 mg C. 1000 mg D. 1300 mg
1000 mg
What is the proper curing time for a photopolymerized sealant? A. 20 to 60 seconds B. 60 to 90 seconds C. 20 to 40 seconds D. 30 to 40 seconds
20 to 60 seconds
Hallmarks for nicotine addiction include which of the following? A. Compulsive use B. Use despite harmful effects C. Recurrent drug cravings D. All of the above
All of the above
Key skills of motivational interviewing include which of the following? A. Use of open-ended questions to allow patients to express themselves B. Affirming "change talk" C. Reflective responding (i.e., acknowledging "Here is what I heard you say") D. Summarizing results of the dialogue E. All of the above
All of the above
Motivational interviewing is which of the following? A. A patient-centered philosophy to address behavior change B. Designed to facilitate resolution of ambiguity that inhibits positive behavior change C. An approach to actively engage the patient in the communication process D. All of the above
All of the above
Nicotine addiction is a: A. Chronic relapsing brain disorder B. Disorder that has physiologic, psychologic, sensory, and behavioral aspects that must be addressed for cessation C. Challenge that makes it difficult to stop using tobacco D. All of the above
All of the above
Elderly adults have a higher protein requirement because of which of the following? A. Decrease in lean body mass B. Decrease in calorie needs C. Increase in lean body mass D. Increase in calorie needs
Decrease in lean body mass
Nutritional counseling for dental caries prevention targets which of the following? A. Consumption of nutrient-dense foods B. Decreased consumption of fermentable carbohydrates C. Proper toothbrushing technique D. Regularity of flossing
Decreased consumption of fermentable carbohydrates Feedback: Nutritional counseling for dental caries prevention should target the elimination or reduction of fermentable carbohydrates from the diet.
All of the following are outcomes from xylitol use except one. Which one is the exception? A. Remineralize tooth structure by stimulating more saliva B. Interferes with the metabolism of Streptococcus mutans C. Decreases plaque biofilm formation D. Decreases periodontal disease E. Promotes secretion of saliva
Decreases periodontal disease
What is the first stage of the dental caries process? A. Acquired pellicle formation B. Demineralization C. Remineralization D. Dental plaque biofilm
Demineralization
All of the following can contribute to the loss of tooth structure except one. Which one is the exception? A. Frequent drinking of acidic beverages such as carbonated sodas or energy drinks B. Aggressive toothbrushing C. Dentinal hypersensitivity D. Bulimia nervosa
Dentinal hypersensitivity
Which of the following is part of the assessment phase of the dental hygiene process? A. Placing a sealant B. Applying a fluoride treatment C. Detecting a possible carious lesion D. Giving oral hygiene instruction
Detecting a possible carious lesion
What is the main disadvantage of using BMI as a measurement tool? A. Does not account for the desire to gain or lose weight B. Does not measure lean tissue in relation to fat C. Is not useful in determining if client is underweight or overweight D. Does not measure accurate weight in relation to height
Does not measure lean tissue in relation to fat Feedback: A bodybuilder may have a higher BMI because of a larger amount of lean tissue but would not be considered overweight or obese; BMI is not a good measure of lean tissue in relation to body fat.
he total energy output of a body at rest after a 12-hour fast in a room of comfortable temperature is a measure of the number of calories required to maintain body weight, known as which of the following? A. Resting energy expenditure B. Basal energy expenditure C. Total daily energy expenditure D. Direct calorimetry
Basal energy expenditure Feedback: Basal energy expenditure (BEE) is the total energy output of a body at rest after a 12-hour fast in a room of comfortable temperature. It is a measure of the number of calories required to maintain body weight.
Which of the following waxes is most commonly used to make a bite registration for diagnostic casts? A. Baseplate wax B. Sticky wax C. Utility wax D. Boxing wax E. Inlay wax
Baseplate wax
When treating the needs of a pregnant woman, a dental hygienist should do all of the following except one. Which one is the exception? A. Make recommendations that the obstetrician may not have reinforced. B. Emphasize the importance of eating nutrient-dense foods. C. Encourage meticulous oral hygiene. D. Encourage the use of prenatal supplements as recommended by the obstetrician.
Make recommendations that the obstetrician may not have reinforced.
Research evidence suggests that 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate has the ability to attack which of the following bacteria associated with the dental caries process? A. Prevotella intermedia B. Streptococcus mutans C. Porphyromonas gingivalis D. Lactobacillus miniatus
Streptococcus mutans
In using motivational interviewing to assist individuals who are not ready to quit their tobacco use, which of the following technique or techniques apply? A. Explore benefits of smoking as well as benefits of quitting. B. Explore only the benefits of quitting. C. Emphasize your authority as an expert. D. Explore concerns about quitting. E. Emphasize patient's autonomy. F. a, d, and e G. All of the above
a, d, and e
Tools for eliciting "change talk" include which of the following? A. Persuasion B. Emphasizing your authority and expertise C. Open-ended questions D. Affirming "change talk" E. Reflective responding F. Summarizing G. All of the above H. c, d, e, and f
c, d, e, and f
Ms. H, a 38-year-old woman who is a long-time client of yours, comes to you and says she is finally ready to quit smoking. She smokes approximately 1 1/2 packs daily and has her first cigarette about 2 hours after she wakes up in the morning. She has never tried to quit smoking before. She wants to use a pharmacologic therapy that is available over the counter. She decides to use the nicotine patch. Which dose is appropriate for Ms. H to begin with? A. 21-mg patch B. 14-mg patch C. 7-mg patch D. All of the above
21-mg patch Feedback: Because the client smokes more than one pack a day, starting with the 21-mg patch is recommended to help weaken or eliminate nicotine withdrawal symptoms to allow the client to focus on changing her behavior and her thinking about tobacco use.
Cheryl is a 17-year-old girl who is an all-star long-distance runner on her high school track team. What is her recommended energy intake? A. 1800 kcal B. 2200 kcal C. 2400 kcal D. 2600 kcal
2400 kcal Feedback: The minimum energy recommendation for active girls aged 14 to 18 is 2400 calories.
Martha visits the dental office for a new-patient screening examination. In charting the patient's medical history, the dental hygienist notes that the patient is 5-feet 4-inches tall and weighs 155 pounds. What is the Martha's BMI? A. 24 B. 27 C. 40 D. 25
27
Which of the following statements about acid etching are true? It decreases the amount of time it takes for the sealant to polymerize. It reduces the size of the micropores in the enamel. The etchant material used is 30% to 35% phosphoric acid. It enhances the retention rate of the dental sealant. A. 1, 2, 3 B. 2, 3, 4 C. 3, 4 D. 1, 3, 4 E. All of the above
3, 4
During pregnancy a woman's caloric needs increase by approximately how many calories per day? A. No extra calories are required. B. 150 calories C. 350 calories D. 550 calories
350 calories Feedback: During pregnancy a woman's caloric needs increase by approximately 350 to 450 calories per day. However, an underweight or teenage pregnant woman will often have greater caloric needs.
Mr. Jones is a 32-year-old man who is 6-feet 1-inch tall and weighs 190 pounds. He is scheduled for extraction of impacted third molars. What are Mr. Jones' protein requirements? A. 86 to 129 g/kg/day B. 69 to 86 g/kg/day C. 129 to 172 g/kg/day D. 172 to 215 g/kg/day
86 to 129 g/kg/day Feedback: The protein requirement for an individual undergoing elective surgery is 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg/day.
All of the following would be recommended for a child under 2 years of age except one. Which one is the exception? A. Good oral hygiene care B. Fluoridation C. Artificial sweeteners D. Healthy snack choices
Artificial sweeteners Feedback: Artificial sweeteners should not be a part of the diet of infants or children under 2 years of age.
With regard to the federal clinical guidelines for Tobacco Cessation Treatment, the Five A's approach stands for: A. Ask, Alert, Assess, Assist, and Arrange B. Ask, Advise, Accentuate, Assist, and Arrange C. Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange
Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange
Martha visits the dental office for a new-patient screening examination. In charting the patient's medical history, the dental hygienist notes that the patient is 5-feet 4-inches tall and weighs 155 pounds. What is the risk level involved with Martha's BMI? A. Acceptable range B. Nutritional risk C. At risk for obesity or health problems D. Major health risk
At risk for obesity or health problems
At what age should a child receive their first dental examination? A. Before age 1 year B. Between ages 1 and 2 years C. After all primary teeth have erupted D. After age 5 years, to ensure some degree of cooperation
Before age 1 year
Q. A growing number of clients who present with xerostomia have a higher risk for developing caries because of less saliva. The major causes of salivary hypofunction in these clients are due to autoimmune and systemic diseases, radiation to head/neck, stress and depression, and over 700 medications. A. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. B. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. C. Both statements are true. D. Both statements are false.
Both statements are true.
An alginate impression is disinfected with an Occupational Safety and Health Administration-approved disinfectant after the impression procedure is complete. This is to ensure that the diagnostic casts can be handled without gloves. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct, and they are related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct, but they are not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Both the statement and the reason are correct, and they are related.
What is of utmost importance to avoid when mixing alginate? A. Spilling the material B. Spatulation of product and water C. Breathing the powder D. Water/powder ratio E. Touching it
Breathing the powder
The spirit of motivational interviewing is: A. Collaborating B. Imparting information C. Persuading D. All of the above
Collaborating
The most common reason sealants fail is which of the following? A. Improper mixing of the sealant material B. Curing the sealant for too long C. Contamination of the field by saliva D. Using autopolymerized rather than photopolymerized sealants
Contamination of the field by saliva
What is the therapeutic dosage for xylitol to be effective? A. 1 g, at least four times throughout a day B. 1.55 g, at least five times throughout a day C. 2 g, at least five times throughout a day D. A therapeutic dose has not been established.
Correct Answer: 1.55 g, at least five times throughout a day
Ms. H, a 38-year-old woman who is a long-time client of yours, comes to you and says she is finally ready to quit smoking. She smokes approximately 1 1/2 packs daily and has her first cigarette about 2 hours after she wakes up in the morning. She has never tried to quit smoking before. She wants to use a pharmacologic therapy that is available over the counter. Which of the following is not a nicotine withdrawal symptom? A. Alertness B. Insomnia C. Increased appetite D. Restlessness E. Anger
Correct Answer: Alertness Feedback: Nicotine enhances alertness; nicotine withdrawal makes it difficult to concentrate. Other signs of nicotine withdrawal are insomnia, increased appetite, restlessness, and irritability.
Pharmacotherapy for tobacco-use cessation involves which of the following? A. Use of Zyban B. Nicotine replacement C. Some help from adjunctive counseling D. All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above Feedback: Zyban (a mild antidepressant) and nicotine replacement products are evidence-based strategies to promote smoking cessation. Pharmacotherapy combined with counseling improves success rates for tobacco cessation, and it is recommended that pharmacotherapy be used in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral counseling.
A 45-year-old woman is assessed to be at high risk for pit-and-fissure caries. Which one of the following interventions would best prevent future caries in her caries-free pits and fissures? A. Education on daily oral self-care B. Fluoride therapy (both professionally applied and self-applied) C. Dental sealants D. Dietary counseling for caries control
Correct Answer: Dental sealants
John, a 10-year-old boy, has been a client in the dental practice for 3 years. Every 6 months at each continued-care visit, he has a new carious lesion. How often should x-ray films (bitewings) be taken for this client? A. Every 6 months B. Once per year C. Every 2 years D. When requested by the parent or guardian
Correct Answer: Every 6 months
Rebecca, a 23-year-old Caucasian woman, has developed six carious lesions since her last dental examination 5 years ago. She has numerous existing restorations and several crowns. She reports that she snacks throughout the day. Rebecca does not floss. She brushes her teeth twice daily but is often in a hurry while doing so. Which of the following is true about Rebecca and should be followed in her plan of care? A. High-risk client; 6-month continued-care appointment; x-ray films every year B. Low-risk client; 3-month continued-care appointment; x-ray films every 6 months C. Low-risk client; 3-month continued-care appointment; x-ray films every year D. High-risk client; 3-month continued-care appointment; x-ray films every 6 months
Correct Answer: High-risk client; 3-month continued-care appointment; x-ray films every 6 months
Which statement about the use of smokeless tobacco is correct? A. It is a safe alternative to smoking. B. It delivers a rapidly absorbed dose of nicotine. C. It is not addicting. D. Long-term use is not associated with an increased risk of oral cancer.
Correct Answer: It delivers a rapidly absorbed dose of nicotine. Feedback: Spit tobacco has a high pH level, which allows for quick absorption into the body. Nicotine diffuses through the oral mucosa into the bloodstream.
Mr. Matthews is a 71-year-old African American man who visits the dental office for his 6-month prophylaxis appointment. Which of the following dietary concerns common to African Americans could contribute to his dental health risk? A. Foods are heavily spiced. B. No unclean foods are consumed. C. Lactose intolerance is prevalent. D. A lot of vegetable proteins are consumed.
Correct Answer: Lactose intolerance is prevalent. Feedback: African Americans have a high incidence of lactose intolerance, which usually contributes to a low consumption of dairy products.
Which of the following nutrients is not necessary for adequate maintenance of bone growth and mineralization? A. Vitamin D B. Magnesium C. Phosphorus D. Calcium
Correct Answer: Magnesium Feedback: Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D are needed for adequate maintenance of bone growth and mineralization.
Ms. H, a 38-year-old woman who is a long-time client of yours, comes to you and says she is finally ready to quit smoking. She smokes approximately 1 1/2 packs daily and has her first cigarette about 2 hours after she wakes up in the morning. She has never tried to quit smoking before. She wants to use a pharmacologic therapy that is available over the counter. Which of the following smoking-cessation medications is available over the counter? A. Bupropion B. Nicotine nasal spray C. Nicotine oral inhaler D. Nicotine lozenge
Correct Answer: Nicotine lozenge Feedback: Of the above choices, only nicotine lozenges are available over the counter. All of the other alternatives are prescription products.
You have completed your examination of Ms. Choy, a 35-year-old woman who has indicated on her health history form that she smokes cigarettes. During the course of the intraoral examination you note 6- to 8-mm probing depths around maxillary and mandibular molars and bleeding on probing throughout the mouth. When you ask Ms. Choy if she would like to try to quit in the next month, she responds that she does not smoke very much and she really does not think it is that big of a problem. She states she will brush and floss more to improve her periodontal health. In which stage of readiness to quit is Ms. Choy? A. Not thought of quitting in the next 6 months B. Thinking about quitting in the next 6 months C. Willing to set a date to quit D. Already engaged in strategies to quit
Correct Answer: Not thought of quitting in the next 6 months Feedback: Ms. Choy is experiencing no thought of stopping tobacco use. This is the stage of change that needs education on why quitting is best for Ms. Choy's health.
Which of the following is true regarding dental caries? A. Primary teeth are more susceptible to caries than permanent teeth. B. Smooth surface caries are on the decrease due to placement of dental sealants. C. The incidence of occlusal surface caries decreases as children age. D. All of the above
Correct Answer: Primary teeth are more susceptible to caries than permanent teeth. Feedback: Studies indicate that primary teeth are more susceptible to caries than permanent teeth because the enamel is thinner in primary teeth than it is in permanent teeth. Caries move more rapidly in primary teeth than they do in permanent teeth. Smooth surface caries are on the decrease because of the benefit these surfaces receive from topical fluoride. Dental sealants are not placed on smooth surfaces. The incidence of occlusal caries increases as children age.
Development of a comprehensive meal plan to meet individual needs of dental patients can be provided only by which of the following? A. U.S. Dietary Guidelines B. MyPyramid C. Registered dietitian D. Registered dental hygienist
Correct Answer: Registered dietitian
A 22-year-old man has used snuff daily for 4 years. He is in good health and takes no medications. Which of the following statements is true? A. There is no risk for developing a carcinoma within 10 years. B. The primary carcinogen in smokeless tobacco consists of nitrosamines. C. There are no sugars in smokeless tobacco and therefore no risk for caries. D. There is so little nicotine in smokeless tobacco that habituation and/or addiction are unimportant factors.
Correct Answer: The primary carcinogen in smokeless tobacco consists of nitrosamines. Feedback: Nitrosamines are the major cancer-causing ingredient in spit tobacco.
Before any professionally applied gel or foam fluoride treatment, the dental hygienist must ensure that which of the following is done? A. All oral biofilm is removed to facilitate greater fluoride uptake by the tooth surface. B. The client is placed in a semisupine position to increase operator visibility. C. The teeth are dried with compressed air or gauze to prevent dilution of the fluoride. D. A lubricant is applied over composite restorations to prevent their dissolution.
Correct Answer: The teeth are dried with compressed air or gauze to prevent dilution of the fluoride.
Dental sealants reduce dental caries for which of the following reasons? A. They promote remineralization of the tooth structure. B. They act as a physical barrier to dental decay. C. They have long retention rates. D. All of the above
Correct Answer: They act as a physical barrier to dental decay. Feedback: In order for dental caries to occur, the following three factors must be present: a fermentable carbohydrate, a susceptible tooth surface, and bacteria. Through placement of a dental sealant, the susceptible tooth surface is eliminated from the equation and dental caries are prevented.
Ms. H, a 38-year-old woman who is a long-time client of yours, comes to you and says she is finally ready to quit smoking. She smokes approximately 1 1/2 packs daily and has her first cigarette about 2 hours after she wakes up in the morning. She has never tried to quit smoking before. She wants to use a pharmacologic therapy that is available over the counter. Which of the following statements is or are true regarding nicotine withdrawal symptoms? A. Symptoms peak within 12 to 24 hours. B. Symptoms peak within 24 to 48 hours. C. Symptoms last approximately 4 weeks. D. Symptoms last approximately 2 to 3 months. E. a and c F. a and d G. b and c
Correct Answer: a and c Feedback: Nicotine withdrawal symptoms are the strongest the first 2 days after stopping tobacco use and diminish over approximately 4 weeks.
An alginate impression that tears easily is the result of which of the following? A. Excessive water B. Insufficient water C. Cool water D. Hot water
Excessive water
Prevention and control of smooth surface dental caries is most effectively managed by
Fluoride Therapy
Which one of the following professionally administered fluoride delivery vehicles has had the least amount of research to support its efficacy over the other delivery supplement? A. Fluoride foams (APF and NaF) B. Fluoride gels (APF) C. Fluoride varnish (NaF) D. Fluoride solutions (SnF
Fluoride foams (APF and NaF)
Use of a fluoride dentifrice is an important part of a preventive care plan for which of the following reasons? A. Fluoride controls extrinsic stains. B. Fluoride remineralizes tooth surfaces that have been demineralized. C. Fluoride dentifrices control gingivitis. D. Fluoride interferes with the calcium-phosphate bond in the calcium matrix.
Fluoride remineralizes tooth surfaces that have been demineralized.
All of the following are initial signs of acute fluoride toxicity except one. Which one is the exception? A. Nausea B. Gastrointestinal pain C. Vomiting D. Headache
Headache
Increased absorption of tobacco nicotine and aromatic hydrocarbons is related to which of the following? A. Low pH B. High pH C. Neutral pH (7) D. Acidity and alkalinity make little difference.
High pH Feedback: The higher the pH, the easier the absorption of nicotine across the blood barrier.
If a liquid form of supplemental nutrition is indicated for a client after dental surgery, the client should be educated regarding which of the following? A. High protein content B. High sugar content C. High fat content D. Increased risk of gastrointestinal disturbances
High sugar content Feedback: If a liquid nutritional supplementation is indicated for a client after dental surgery, the client should be educated about the high sugar content.
Which of the following smoking-cessation techniques or methods has no validity? A. Transdermal nicotine patches to increase nicotine blood levels to help break tobacco smoking habituation and addiction B. Group psychology sessions to help break the smoking habit C. Hyperbaric oxygen treatments to reduce tobacco-related carbon monoxide blood levels D. Use of a chewing gum containing nicotine to reduce the urge to smoke
Hyperbaric oxygen treatments to reduce tobacco-related carbon monoxide blood levels Feedback: A, B, and D have scientific evidence to support the claim that they enhance the success rate of tobacco cessation.
Which one of the following is not associated with other risk factors in the initiation of dental caries? A. Immune response B. Host C. Diet D. Oral biofilm
Immune response.
All of the following are indications for use of topical fluoride therapy except one. Which one is the exception? A. In athletic mouth guards for persons who play contact sports B. In persons with a high caries risk C. In persons with root surface exposure D. In persons with xerostomia
In athletic mouth guards for persons who play contact sports
A grainy-looking alginate impression is the result of which of the following? A. Excessive water B. Insufficient water C. Cool water D. Hot water
Insufficient water
All of the following statements are true regarding professionally applied sodium fluoride (NaF) except one. Which one is the exception? A. NaF therapy should be applied in accordance with the level of caries risks. B. Professionally applied NaF gel or foam has a 2% fluoride concentration. C. NaF will not damage porcelain crowns or composite restorations. D. NaF is the most common professionally applied fluoride agent.
NaF is the most common professionally applied fluoride agent. Feedback: A 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride preparation (sodium fluoride with hydrofluoric acid added) is the most widely researched and used fluoride.
Which of the following tooth surfaces are most prone to dental caries? A. Occlusal surfaces of third molars B. Occlusal surfaces of maxillary first premolars C. Occlusal surfaces of mandibular first molars D. Lingual surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth
Occlusal surfaces of mandibular first molars
All of the following factors affect elderly adults' nutrient intake except one. Which one is the exception? A. Dental caries B. Lack of dental insurance C. Convenience foods D. Old age
Old age Feedback: We all age, but it does not have a direct effect on our oral health or the ability to consume a balanced diet. Many elderly people do not have dental insurance, so it is difficult for them to take care of dental conditions such as caries, abscesses, or periodontal disease. Dental-related pain can alter the diet of elderly individuals such that they are not taking in adequate nutrients. Also, softer diets are often consumed, which are low in nutrient quality.
Martha visits the dental office for a new-patient screening examination. In charting the patient's medical history, the dental hygienist notes that the patient is 5-feet 4-inches tall and weighs 155 pounds. Based on her BMI, Martha would be considered which of the following? A. Healthy B. Overweight C. Obese D. Underweight
Overweight Feedback: Individuals with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 are categorized as overweight.
A diagnostic cast that has teeth broken during removal of the impression is the result of which of the following? A. Movement of cast during setting time B. Contaminated gypsum product C. Premature removal of impression D. Incorrect water temperature
Premature removal of impression
Which of the following is not an example of systemic (ingested) fluoride? A. Community water fluoride B. School water-supply fluoride C. Professionally applied fluoride treatment D. Ingestion of food and beverages containing fluoride
Professionally applied fluoride treatment
Which of the following is not recommended for nutritional counseling in the oral care setting? A. Use plastic examples of food. B. Provide nutritional counseling in the same area prophylaxis is performed. C. Provide brochures about Dietary Guidelines and MyPyramid. D. Keep a set of measuring spoons on hand to demonstrate.
Provide nutritional counseling in the same area prophylaxis is performed. Feedback: It is best to maintain a separate space in the office when discussing diet and nutrition issues with a patient. This provides a more relaxed atmosphere, and it also helps to ensure infection control is maintained.
Q. What is the most important reason for using a dentifrice that contains low-potency fluoride? A. Good taste B. Low abrasive C. Foaming action for better cleaning D. Remineralization of tooth surface
Remineralization of tooth surface
Mark is a 12-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis. Malabsorption of fat is a side effect of this condition. As a result, deficiency of the fat-soluble vitamins must be closely monitored and treated. This would be an example of which of the following? A. Primary nutrient deficiency B. Secondary nutrient deficiency C. Tertiary nutrient deficiency D. Systemic nutrient deficiency
Secondary nutrient deficiency
Which of the following filler materials is considered more durable? A. Microfill particles B. Ground quartz particles C. BIS-GMA D. Silane-coated filler particles
Silane-coated filler particles
Energy needs increase for the elderly; nutrient needs increase as well. A. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. B. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. C. Both statements are false. D. Both statements are true
The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. Feedback: As we age, our energy needs decrease but our nutrient needs increase. Thus, it is important for the dental hygiene professional to provide guidance in choosing nutrient-dense foods based on the Dietary Guidelines and MyPyramid recommendations. If necessary, a registered dietitian should be consulted for more comprehensive advice.
Frequent use of low-potency fluorides is important for enamel remineralization; 2% sodium fluoride gel or foam is an example of a low-potency, high-frequency fluoride. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.
The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
Xylitol ingestion in the 5- to 10-g/day range is safe for use by pregnant women. Xylitol is not safe for use by persons with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. B. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. C. Both statements are false D. Both statements are true.
The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
Which of the following factors related to impression tray selection is most relevant when irreversible hydrocolloid impressions are taken? A. Tray composition B. Tray lubrication C. Tray symmetry D. Tray extension E. Lip retraction procedures
Tray extension
Which type of sealant is more commonly used in the public health setting? A. Filled photopolymerized sealants B. Unfilled autopolymerized sealants
Unfilled autopolymerized sealants
Which of the following is the best way to store an alginate impression when it cannot immediately be poured in a gypsum product? A. Wrapped in dry paper towels B. Wrapped in wet paper towels C. Unwrapped in a humidor D. No special storage is required.
Unwrapped in a humidor
Which of the following waxes is used for adapting stock trays? A. Corrective wax B. Sticky wax C. Utility wax D. Boxing wax E. Inlay wax
Utility wax
During the oral assessment of an elderly client, the dental hygienist notes that the client's gums are swollen, spongy, and bleeding. Which one of the following nutrients might be deficient in the client's diet? A. Vitamin B12 B. Folacin C. Vitamin C D. Riboflavin
Vitamin C Feedback: Deficiencies in vitamin C can cause swollen, spongy, and bleeding gums.
Which of the following nutrients is produced in the large intestine? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K
Vitamin K Feedback: Vitamin K is produced in the large intestine. It can also be found in foods such as cauliflower, cabbage, spinach, garbanzo beans, and beef liver.
An alginate impression that solidifies too quickly is the result of which of the following? A. Excess water B. Insufficient water C. Cool water D. Warm water
Warm water
When a xylitol-containing product is recommended to a client, the product should contain therapeutic doses of _____ as the sweetening agent to be most effective. A. Xylitol and mannitol B. Xylitol and sorbitol C. Xylitol only D. All are effective
Xylitol only
In using motivational interviewing to help individuals quit their tobacco use, it is important to have the client voice the arguments for change known as "change talk." Examples of change talk include which of the following? A. Reasons for concern about their tobacco use B. Reasons for continued use C. The good things to be gained from quitting D. All of the above E. a and c
a and c
The focus of nutritional counseling for children in the dental setting should focus on which of the following? A. Proper toothbrushing technique B. Importance of adequate calorie intake C. Caries control D. Minimizing fat in diet
aries control Feedback: Nutritional counseling in the oral care setting should focus on caries control. Focus on vitamins and minerals important for bone growth should also be included in a discussion with the child and caregiver.
You have completed your examination of Ms. Choy, a 35-year-old woman who has indicated on her health history form that she smokes cigarettes. During the course of the intraoral examination you note 6- to 8-mm probing depths around maxillary and mandibular molars and bleeding on probing throughout the mouth. Given Ms. Choy's stage of change, what is the recommended clinician response to her statement that she is not ready to quit? A. Try to persuade her one more time to stop her tobacco use. B. Tell her you understand she is not ready to quit now. C. Try to set a quit date. D. Provide her with some information on the benefits of quitting. E. Inform her that when she is ready you are here to help. F. Ask permission to ask again at her next visit about where she is in her decision-making process regarding her tobacco use. G. Make a note of her response in the chart. H. b, d, e, f, and g
b, d, e, f, and g
The surgical procedure common in overweight and obese clients that may indirectly cause an increase risk to caries due to the recommended frequency and timing of food and beverage ingestion is: A. weight loss surgery B. endometrial surgery C. bariatric surgery D. abdominoplasty surgery
bariatric surgery Feedback: Bariatric surgery is common in the overweight and obese population. Following surgery, it is recommended that these individuals eat small meals throughout the day and beverages should be consumed separate from meals. This recommended diet plan may cause an increase risk in dental caries.
Which of the following foods is considered to be a good source of vitamin A? A. Milk B. Carrots C. Spinach D. Sweet potatoes
milk
Another name for incipient caries is: A. autopolymerized lesions B. polymerized lesions C. cavitated lesions D. non-cavitated lesions
non-cavitated lesions
A body mass index (BMI) within 18.5-24.9 is considered in the range of: A. normal B. underweight C. overweight D. obese
normal Feedback: A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered within normal range
You have completed your examination of Ms. Choy, a 35-year-old woman who has indicated on her health history form that she smokes cigarettes. During the course of the intraoral examination you note 6- to 8-mm probing depths around maxillary and mandibular molars and bleeding on probing throughout the mouth. When Ms. Choy verbally informs you that she smokes, what is the very next thing you would do? A. Try to persuade her to stop. B. Inform her about how smoking affects her periodontal health and advise her to quit. C. Assess her willingness to quit. D. Arrange follow-up.
orrect Answer: Inform her about how smoking affects her periodontal health and advise her to quit. Feedback: Cultivating an understanding with the patient during the teachable moment enhances communication regarding the patient's disease state and how smoking can aggravate the effects of periodontal disease.
Ms. H, a 38-year-old woman who is a long-time client of yours, comes to you and says she is finally ready to quit smoking. She smokes approximately 1 1/2 packs daily and has her first cigarette about 2 hours after she wakes up in the morning. She has never tried to quit smoking before. She wants to use a pharmacologic therapy that is available over the counter. Which of the following nicotine delivery systems provides the fastest onset of action (i.e., is absorbed the fastest)? A. Nicotine gum B. Nicotine lozenge C. Nicotine nasal spray D. Nicotine inhaler E. Nicotine patch
orrect Answer: Nicotine nasal spray Feedback: The nicotine nasal spray has the fastest absorption rate of all the alternatives listed. Therefore it delivers nicotine most quickly to the brain. The nicotine passes through the nose's capillaries to cross the blood-brain barrier.