Clinical Chemistry Chapter 12 quiz

Serum lacks which of the following constituents? A. Electrolytes B. Glucose C. Fibrinogen D. Enzymes

.C. Fibrinogen

Calculate the anion gap given the following data: Sodium = 143 mmol/L; chloride = 105 mmol/L; and HCO-3 = 25 mmol/L. A. 13 mmol/L B. -13 mmol/L C. 63 mmol/L D. 273 mmol/L

A. 13 mmol/L

A patient with a toxic level of blood alcohol would cause which of the following? A. A decreased osmolal gap B. An increased osmolal gap C. An osmolal gap of zero D. No change in the osmolal gap

B. An increased osmolal gap

Chloride in sweat can be measured by which of the following techniques? A. pH electrodes B. Coulometry and amperometry C. Photometry D. Gas sensing electrodes

B. Coulometry and amperometry

The presence of only slightly visible hemolysis can significantly increase the serum level of which of the following ions? A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Chloride D. Bicarbonate

B. Potassium

Which of the following electrolyte levels best correlate with plasma osmolality? A. Chloride B. Sodium C. Calcium D. Bicarbonate

B. Sodium

A family of peptides called natriuretic peptides serves to regulate: A. Potassium levels. B. Sodium and water metabolism. C. Glucose metabolism. D. Chloride excretion.

B. Sodium and water metabolism.

The cation with the highest extracellular concentration is: A. Potassium. B. Sodium. C. Calcium. D. Magnesium

B. Sodium.

Plasma osmolality can be calculated using which of the following? A. Na + Cl + K + HCO3 B. Na + 2(HCO3) + Urea nitrogen - glucose C. 2(Na) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8) D. Glucose + 2(Na) - 2 (BUN)

C. 2(Na) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)

In the blood, bicarbonate leaves the red blood cell and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with which of the following ions? A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Chloride D. Phosphate

C. Chloride

The anion with the highest extracellular concentration is: A. Protein. B. Bicarbonate. C. Chloride. D. Phosphate.

C. Chloride.

Elevated sweat chloride is associated with which disease? A. Multiple sclerosis B. Muscular dystrophy C. Cystic fibrosis D. Lupus diseases

C. Cystic fibrosis

Which of the following conditions is associated with hypernatremia? A. Hypoaldosteronism B. Burns C. Diabetes insipidus D. Diarrhea

C. Diabetes insipidus

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in response to hyponatremia? A. Renin is released from the kidney; renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I; angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II. B. Angiotensinogen is released from the kidney; angiotensinogen converts to angiotensin I; angiotensin I is converted to renin. C. Angiotensin I is released from the kidney; angiotensin I converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin II; angiotensin II is converted to renin. D. Renin is released from the kidney; renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin II; angiotensin II is converted to angiotensin I.

A. Renin is released from the kidney; renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I; angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.

Which of the following conditions may be characterized by an increased anion gap? A. Salicylate intoxication B. Diabetes mellitus C. Lactate acidosis D. All of these

D. All of these

Freezing point depression is one of the: A. Colligative properties of a solution. B. Isoelectric point of a solution. C. Physical properties of an ice cube. D. Principle temperatures on the Kelvin scale.

A. Colligative properties of a solution.

Hypokalemia may be seen in each of the following EXCEPT: A. Crush injuries B. Starvation. C. Alkalosis. D. Diarrhea.

A. Crush injuries

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with hyponatremia? Diabetes Addison's disease Diuretic therapy Diarrhea

A. Diabetes

Measurement of sodium, potassium, and chloride are commonly performed in laboratories using which of the following? A. Ion selective electrodes B. Colorimetry C. Photometry D. Gas chromatography

A. Ion selective electrodes

The anion gap is determined from which of the following groups of electrolytes? A. Sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium B. Sodium, chloride, potassium, and phosphorus C. Sodium, chloride, potassium, and TCO2 D. TCO2, chloride, potassium, and magnesium

C. Sodium, chloride, potassium, and TCO2