Clinical Psych Ch 1-9
heterogeneity
"Although a cultural group may have a collective tendency, its individual members may vary greatly from that tendency." This statement best illustrates the _____ inherent in every culture.
directive
Interviewers who use a _____ style of interviewing get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it.
A Psychiatric A
The DSM is published by the
each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms.
The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology. This means that
is an objective personality test
The MMPI
11
The WISC is an appropriate test for a client who is _____ years old.
UNIT II
The _____ is a recently developed test of intelligence that represents an attempt to measure IQ in a culturally fair way.
emic
The _____ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client's culture.
general principles
The _____ section of the current ethical code includes aspirational ideals regarding the behavior of clinical psychologists, as opposed to enforceable rules of conduct.
ethical standards
The _____ section of the current ethical code includes enforceable rules of conduct, as opposed to aspirational ideals regarding the behavior of clinical psychologists.
Predoc Internship
The _____ typically consists of a full year of supervised clinical experience in an applied setting, and takes place before the doctoral degree is awarded.
york retreat
The _____, a residential treatment center for the mentally ill in England, served as a model for humane treatment facilities that subsequently opened throughout Europe and the United States.
descriptions of proposed disorders that may become official disorders in a future DSM edition.
The current edition of the DSM contains "proposed criteria sets." These sets are
psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders.
The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories that are:
private practice
The most common work setting for clinical psychologists since the 1980s is _____.
a joint emphasis on practice and research.
The scientist-practitioner model of training is characterized by
mental status exam
The type of clinical interview that is most often conducted in medical settings for the primary purpose of quickly assessing a client's current level of functioning is the _____.
clinical
_____ significance in an efficacy or effectiveness study refers to how two groups differ in real-world terms. It answers the question, "Is there a meaningful difference between the groups?"
Intelligence, achievement
_____ tests measure a client's intellectual abilities, whereas _____ tests measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities.
content
_____ validity is the extent to which an assessment technique has content appropriate for what is being measured.
dorothea dix
_____'s work directly resulted in the establishment of more than 30 state institutions for the mentally ill throughout the United States.
assessment of intelligence
_____, more than any other activity, characterized clinical psychology during the earliest years of the profession.as
social workers
focus on the interaction between an individual and components of society.
heirarchical
A _____ model of intelligence proposes that specific abilities exist and are important, but they are all somewhat related to each other and to a global, overall, general intelligence.
prefer a smaller amount of personal space
Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to people from North America or Britain, people of Middle Eastern or Latino/Latina cultures tend to
either has or does not have a disorder.
Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual
structured, unstructured
A(n) _____ interview is a predetermined, planned sequences of questions that an interviewer asks a client. By contrast, a(n) _____ interview is improvised and involves no predetermined questions.
meta-analysis
A(n) _____ is a statistical method of combining results of separate studies to create a summation of its findings.
fluid
According to Cattell, _____ intelligence includes the ability to solve novel problems.
over 80
According to Cummings (2007), _____% of prescriptions written for psychoactive medications come from primary-care physicians.
multicultural counseling competence
According to Sue and Sue (2008), "_____ is defined as the counselor's acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society."
exerted too much control over clinical decisions.
According to surveys of psychologists in private practice (e.g., Murphy et al., 1998), managed care companies have
scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior.
According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider
informed consent
According to the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, it is necessary to obtain _____ before proceeding with research, psychotherapy, or assessment.
being self-aware
An important skill for a clinical interviewer is _____, which is best described as the ability to know how he tends to affect others interpersonally and how others tend to relate to him.
multiculturalism
Authors such as Pedersen (1990, 1999, and 2008) have labeled _____ as the "fourth force" in the history of psychology.
contain reference to the science, theory, and practice of this broad field.
Based on discussion in the textbook, a good definition for clinical psychology should
Overly personal or revealing information, such as a mental health diagnosis
Carrie is writing a personal statement to include with her application to a clinical psychology graduate program. Which of the following should she NOT include in her personal statement?
facilitates easier communication between professionals.
Categorical diagnosis of mental illness has many advantages, including that it
emphasize practice over research.
Clinical psychology graduate programs that subscribe to the practitioner-scholar model of training
greater internal validity.
Compared to effectiveness studies, efficacy studies of psychotherapy outcome generally have
prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups.
DSM5 created by
2013
DSM5 published in
"I generally only perform personality assessments with children. I can refer you to a colleague who has a good deal of experience with adult personality assessment."
Dr. Goldfarb is contacted by Shannon, an adult seeking personality testing for herself. Dr. Goldfarb has extensive experience with child personality assessment, but it has been some years since he administered an adult personality instrument. Which of the following responses could Dr. Goldfarb give to Shannon and remain in compliance with the APA code of ethics?
summarizing
Dr. Huckabee is conducting a clinical interview with Megan. At the end of the interview, he ties together various topics that Megan discussed, connecting statements she made at various points, and identifies themes in the information she has provided. Which of the following techniques is Dr. Huckabee using?
external validity
Dr. Smithton initially creates a new PTSD treatment under highly controlled laboratory conditions. He then shares the treatment with practitioners, who subsequently implement the treatment with real-world patients. The practitioners report that Dr. Smithton's PTSD treatment is very helpful for their patients. The benefit the practitioners' patients experienced seems to support the _____ of Dr. Smithton's treatment.
neuropsychological
Dr. Young, a clinical psychologist, is conducting an assessment of a client who experienced a head injury in a car accident. She uses the Halstead-Reitan battery to determine impairment of the functioning of specific components or structures of the brain. Dr. Young is conducting _____ testing.
the collection of statistical and census data.
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was
empirically supported treatments
Evidence-based practice has also been referred to as _____.
duty to warn
For contemporary psychotherapists, the most relevant implication of the finding in the Tarasoff case is the
100
For the current editions of the Wechsler intelligence tests and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, the mean score for full-scale IQ is _____.
can ethically be broken in specific situations.
For the profession of clinical psychology, confidentiality
Specific learning disorder
Honore receives psychological testing. Although her intelligence falls in the low average range, a discrepancy is still identified between her achievement and intelligence test scores (such that achievement falls significantly below expectations based on intelligence). This discrepancy will likely be the basis for a diagnosis of _____.
5
How many states currently afford psychologists prescription privileges
neuroses, psychoses
In 1800s Europe, mental illness was initially placed in one of two categories: _____ (psychiatric symptoms) or _____ (breaks from reality).
Hans Eysenck
In 1952, _____ published an unfavorable review of research on psychotherapy outcome, which served as a catalyst for subsequent research on the subject, which has been more positive.
randomized clinical trials
In _____, researchers test the outcome of a manualized therapy on a particular diagnosis. Participants are randomly assigned to treatment or nontreatment groups, and target variables are assessed at the outset and end of the study.
within-group
In a(n) _____ design, participants within a single condition are compared to themselves at various points in time.
dimensional, personality
In recent years, researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders. Specifically, the _____ approach has received significant attention, especially regarding the _____ disorders.
medicine, education, social work
Lightner Witmer originally defined clinical psychology as related to the disciplines of _____.
quieting yourself
Loraine is a clinical psychology graduate student conducting her first clinical interview with a client. While her client describes reasons for seeking treatment, Loraine finds herself distracted by internal thoughts such as, "What questions should I ask next?" and "When is the project due for my linear regression class?" In this instance, Loraine has the opportunity to improve which general skill of clinical interviewing?
clinical interview
Of all the available assessment procedures, clinical psychologists rely most frequently on the _____.
CUEs
Once a clinical psychologist is licensed, many states require the accumulation of a specific number of _____ in order to renew the license.
reaches a deeper appreciation of his or her own cultural identity.
Regardless of the methods used to train clinical psychologists to be culturally competent, an essential ingredient is that the trainee
over 50%
Research by Cosgrove and colleagues found that _____ of professionals who authored/created the DSM-IV and DSM-5 had financial ties to major pharmaceutical companies.
the overexpansion of mental disorders.
Some clinical psychologists criticize the DSM, stating some disorders' symptoms are difficult to distinguish from normal behavior. This criticism best illustrates the debate surrounding
produce better client outcomes and are more successful in getting clients engaged in therapy
Some studies of manualized therapy have found that therapists who demonstrate flexibility while using a manual
individual, group, universal
What are the three levels of the tripartite model of personality identity?
are "textbook cases" of the diagnosis the therapy intends to treat.
When psychotherapy outcome researchers seek clients on whom to conduct psychotherapy in a study, they typically seek clients who
Full-scale IQ score, index scores, subtest scores
When the Wechsler intelligence test scores are interpreted, which of the following best represents the sequence in which particular scores should be considered?
Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is recommended, as long as client confidentiality is protected.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding ethical decision making by clinical psychologists?
case studies
_____ involve a thorough and detailed examination of one person or situation.
Witmer
_____ is credited with the first known publication in which the term clinical psychology was used.
acculturation
_____ is the way a person responds to living in a new cultural environment, particularly regarding the balance between adopting elements of the new culture and retaining elements of the original culture
effectiveness
_____ refers to the success of a therapy in actual clinical settings in which client problems may be diagnostically complex.
Therapists working with child clients often attempt to negotiate an arrangement in which parents will not be informed of what the child discloses except under specified conditions.
confidentiality when working with kids
DSM-5's price is significantly higher than that of previous editions. The membership of Work Groups was composed primarily of researchers, not clinicians. While developing DSM-5, the authors were selective and vague with information they shared with the general public.
critiques of DSM5
emphasizes similarities between all people.
etic perspective
Multiple relationships are unethical only when they can be reasonably expected to cause impairment in the psychologist or risk exploitation or harm of the client.
multiple relationships
psychotherapists
tend to emphasize biological aspects of clinical problems to a greater extent than clinical psychologists.
