Clinical Psych Exam 1

A. True

"Can you tell me more about your feelings of hostility?" is an example of a nondirective style. A. True B. False

B. directive

"Who in your family has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder?" is an example of what type of interviewing style? A. Nondirective B. directive C. eclectic D. Summarizing

WIAT-III

- For ages 4 - 50 - Designed for use in schools as well as clinical and research settings, containing a total of 16 subtests - The tests reviews actionable data relating to the student achievement in academic areas such as reading, writing, and math

Postdoctoral Internship

A 1- or 2-year internship occurring after the doctoral degree in clinical psychology is granted that consists of supervised clinical experience in an applied setting, often with a specialized focus

A. empirically supported treatments

A Guide to Treatments that Work exemplifies the movement toward A. empirically supported treatments B. utilization of the case study model in formulating treatment plans C. psychodynamic treatments D. the humanistic principles now underlying all modern treatment approaches

D. telepsychology

A clinical psychologist providing services via videoconferencing, e-mail, or texting is engaging in ______. A. online psychotherapy. B. techpsychology C. interactive Internet therapy D. telepsychology

manualized therapy

A form of therapy, often used in research, in which a manual describes a set course of therapy, indicating what steps the therapist should take, what instructions to offer, and so on.

James Cattell

A leading figure in the study of intelligence who proposed separate fluid and crystallized intelligences

Perceptual Reasoning Index

A measure of fluid reasoning, spatial processing, and visual-motor integration; also one of four index scores yielded by the Wechsler intelligence tests

Processing Speed Index

A measure of the ability to process simple or rote information rapidly and accurately; also one of four index scores yielded by the Wechsler intelligence tests

marriage and family therapist

A mental health professional who specializes in treating couples and families and in how these relationships impact mental health. Training can be at the master's or Ph.D. level, and some M.S.W. programs offer training in marriage and family therapy.

hierarchical model of intelligence

A model of intelligence in which specific abilities ("s") play an important role but are all at least somewhat related to one another and to a global, overall, general intelligence ("g")

Practitioner-Scholar Model

A model of training of professional psychologists that emphasizes clinical practice.

scientist-practitioner model

A model of training of professional psychologists that emphasizes the development of both research and clinical skills.

structured interview

A selection interview that consists of a predetermined set of questions for the interviewer to ask

Verbal Comprehension Index

A standard score on the WISC-IV that represents verbal knowledge and understanding.

A. True

A strong professional relationship between client and therapist is crucial to any successful therapy. A. True B. False

Clinical Scientist Model

A training model that encourages rigorous training in empirical research methods and the integration of scientific principles into clinical practice.

crisis interview

A type of clinical interview designed not only to assess a problem demanding urgent attention (most often, clients actively considering suicide or another act of harm toward self or others) but also to provide immediate and effective intervention for that problem

Predoctoral Internship

A year-long internship occurring near the end of graduate training in clinical psychology that consists primarily of supervised clinical experience in an applied setting

D. structured; unstructured

A(n) ______ interview contains a predetermined, planned sequence of questions that an interviewer asks a client. A(n) ______ interview involves no predetermined or planned questions. A. diagnostic; exploratory B. exploratory; diagnostic C. unstructured; structured D. structured; unstructured

D. managed care's involvement may promote better service quality for patients

All of the following are ethical concerns arising from the involvement of managed care in psychological services provision EXCEPT ______. A. managed care's involvement can exert control over psychologists' clinical decisions B. managed care's involvement could compromise confidentiality of patient information C. managed care's involvement may impair psychologists' ability to provide appropriate, ethical services D. managed care's involvement may promote better service quality for patients

Vail Model

Alternate name for the practitioner-scholar model of graduate training.

unstructured interview

An interview in which the question-answer sequence is spontaneous, open-ended, and flexible.

Academy of Psychological Clinical Science

An organization of graduate programs started at a conference at Indiana University subscribing to the clinical scientist model of graduate training in clinical psychology.

B. False (as of 2017, NM, LA, IL, IA, ID have)

Appropriately trained psychologists may prescribe psychoactive medications in all 50 states. A. True B. False

Richard McFall

Author of the "Manifesto for a Science of Clinical Psychology" that served as the foundation for the clinical scientist model of graduate training in clinical psychology

B. False

Candor, grace, and humility are components that are universal to all interviews. A. True B. False

A. True

Clinical utility is the extent to which an assessment technique improves delivery of services or client outcome. A. True B. False

A. True

Compared to the training of clinical psychologists, professional counselors typically earn a master's degree rather than a doctoral degree. A. True B. False

B. False (reliability)

Construct validity is the extent to which an assessment technique provides consistent results. A. True B. False

A. Social workers typically lack a doctoral degree and training in assessment techniques.

How do social workers differ from clinical psychologists? A. Social workers typically lack a doctoral degree and training in assessment techniques. B. Social workers are awarded the SocD degree rather than the PhD or PsyD. C. Social workers typically treat elderly clients, while clinical psychologists focus exclusively on children and working adults. D. Social workers utilize a broad range of assessment instruments in their everyday work, while clinical psychologists are less likely to engage in assessment activities.

B. False (professional and warm)

In a survey of therapists and non-professionals, Devlin and Nasar (2012) found that the preferred style of a clinician's office was "hard" or institutional and overly modern. A. True B. False

clinical utility

In psychological assessment, the extent to which a technique benefits the clinician and ultimately the client in a meaningful way

B. PsyD programs generally accept and enrol a smaller number of students than PhD programs.

In what way do clinical psychology PsyD programs NOT tend to differ from PhD programs? A. PsyD programs generally place less emphasis on research than PhD programs. B. PsyD programs generally accept and enrol a smaller number of students than PhD programs. C. PsyD programs are generally housed in "free-standing" institutions, while PhD programs are generally university-affiliated. D. PsyD programs generally graduate students in a briefer period of time than PhD programs.

social workers (SWs)

Individuals who assist patients who have difficulty coping with various problems by helping them make adjustments in their lives and/or referring them to community resources for assistance.

A. eye contact and body language

Listening can be broken down into even more fundamental building blocks of attending behaviors, including ______. A. eye contact and body language B. vocal tone and nonverbal tracing C. being self-aware and quieting yourself D. primary behaviors and secondary behaviors

C. Louisiana, New Mexico, and Illinois, Iowa, and Idaho

Prescription privileges have been granted to appropriately trained clinical psychologists in which states? A. Alaska and Maine B. Arizona and Utah C. Louisiana, New Mexico, and Illinois, Iowa, and Idaho D. Indiana, New Jersey, and Missouri

Professional counselors

Professionals with some similarities to clinical psychologists but who attend master's programs in professional counseling that typically have relatively high admissions rates, and whose activities emphasize counseling and deemphasize assessment and research

Telepsychology

Provision of psychological services using telecommunication technologies

What degree stemmed from the Vail model?

PsyD

C. are medical professionals

Psychiatrists ______. A. tend to emphasize sociocultural aspects of clinical problems to a greater extent than clinical psychologists B. earn a PhD or PsyD C. are medical professionals D. earn a doctor of psychiatry degree from an independent school of psychiatry

B. False (Lightner Witmer, 1907)

Sigmund Freud was the first person to use the term "clinical psychology." A. True B. False

A. True

Specific learning disorder is diagnosed by comparing a patient's achievement (as measured by achievement tests and performance at school or work) and expected levels of achievement for people of the same age. A. True B. False

A. True

Studies suggest that psychologists diagnose clients differently depending on how they pay for treatment. A. True B. False

B. False (you still have to pass the licensure exam)

Successful completion of the postdoctoral internship authorizes a psychologist to practice independently. A. True B. False

B. manualized treatments

Supporters of ______ believe they add legitimacy to the profession of clinical psychology, establish minimal levels of competence, and decrease psychologists' reliance on clinical judgment. A. continuing education seminars B. manualized treatments C. telepsychology D. qualitative statistical analyses

A. True

The American Psychological Association has issued updated ethical guidelines to address the emergence of telepsychology in clinical practice. A. True B. False

B. False (neuropsychological screen that focuses on visuomotor abilites, verbal skills, attention, and visual memory)

The RBANS is an intelligence test for children. A. True B. False

B. False (it's been heavily criticized for causing overexpansion)

The authors of DSM-5 have been universally praised for the care that was taken to avoid the overexpansion of mental disorders and overdiagnosis. A. True B. False

B. False (it was published in 1995 as a guide for empirical studies)

The book A Guide to Treatments that Work is the first major publication on telepsychology. A. True B. False

C. Boulder model

The clinical psychology education and training model that emphasizes roughly equal parts science and practice is known as the ______. A. clinical scientist model B. Vail model C. Boulder model D. empiricism model

A. True

The majority of psychoactive medications are prescribed primary care physicians. A. True B. False

False (private practice)

The most common work setting for clinical psychologists is academia (i.e., at universities). True False

B. False (Vail)

The practitioner-scholar model of training is also known as the Boulder model of training. A. True B. False

B. psychotherapy

The professional activity clinical psychologists are most often involved in ______. A. teaching B. psychotherapy C. consulting D. research

A. private practice

What is the primary setting in which clinical psychologists work? A. private practice B. universities C. state psychiatric hospitals D. college counseling centers

A. the EPPP and a state-specific exam on laws and ethics

When becoming licensed, a U.S. clinical psychologist must typically pass ______. A. the EPPP and a state-specific exam on laws and ethics B. a state-specific exam on laws and ethics C. the EPPP D. the GRE psychology subject test

D. In DSM-5, the number of symptoms required for major depressive disorder was raised from seven to 10.

Which of the following is NOT a criticism discussed in the textbook of the DSM-5's tendency to overpathologize and overexpand mental disorders? A. The age by which symptoms for ADHD symptoms must appear was raised from 7 to 12 in DSM-5. B. DSM-5's revised bulimia nervosa symptoms only require binging to occur once per week rather than twice. C. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is basically the diagnosis of severe premenstrual syndrome symptoms. D. In DSM-5, the number of symptoms required for major depressive disorder was raised from seven to 10.

B. Psychologists should encourage long-distance clients to seek out emergency services on their own.

Which of the following is NOT a suggestion provided by Ragusea (2012), Rummell and Joyce (2010), and Barnett and Scheetz (2003) to clinical psychologists who utilize technology to deliver services? A. Psychologists should know and adhere to all applicable telehealth laws. B. Psychologists should encourage long-distance clients to seek out emergency services on their own. C. Psychologists should stay abreast of new technologies applicable to their online practice. D. Psychologists should obtain informed consent from their online clients.

D. Disclose personal information to the client, demonstrating the trust inherent in the therapeutic relationship.

Which of the following is NOT a way in which an interviewer can establish good rapport with clients? A. Make an effort put the client at ease, especially early in the interview session. B. Acknowledge the unique, unusual situation of the clinical interview. C. Enhance rapport by noticing how the client uses language and then following the client's lead. D. Disclose personal information to the client, demonstrating the trust inherent in the therapeutic relationship.

C. Clinical psychologists are more interested in vocational testing and career direction than counseling psychologists.

Which of the following is NOT a way in which clinical psychologists generally differ from counseling psychologists? A. Clinical psychologists tend to work with more seriously disturbed populations that those treated by counseling psychologists. B. Counseling psychologists are more likely to work in university counseling centers than clinical psychologists. C. Clinical psychologists are more interested in vocational testing and career direction than counseling psychologists. D. Clinical psychologists tend to be more interested in the application of psychology to medical settings than counseling psychologists.

B. Prescription medications are generally considered ineffective for treating mental disorders.

Which of the following is NOT an argument that has arisen against prescription privileges for clinical psychologists? A. The practice of psychotherapy by clinical psychologists might decline. B. Prescription medications are generally considered ineffective for treating mental disorders. C. Clinical psychology's identity could become muddied if some psychologists prescribe and some don't. D. Prescribing clinical psychologists may be susceptible to influence from the pharmaceutical industry.

D. competition from prescribing social workers

Which of the following is NOT an argument that has arisen in support of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists? A. professional autonomy B. evolution of the profession C. s of psychiatrists D. competition from prescribing social workers

D. They feature limited normative data that were last updated in the 1990s.

Which of the following is NOT true of the three Wechsler intelligence tests? A. They yield a single full-scale intelligence score, four or five index scores, and about a dozen specific subtest scores. B. They are administered one-on-one and face-to-face. C. Each subtest is brief and consists of items that increase in difficulty as the subtest progresses. D. They feature limited normative data that were last updated in the 1990s.

C. Programs that subscribe to the clinical scientist model of training typically award the PhD degree.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding graduate training in clinical psychology? A. Predoctoral internships are optional. B. All students entering doctoral programs in clinical psychology have previously earned master's degrees elsewhere. C. Programs that subscribe to the clinical scientist model of training typically award the PhD degree. D. Programs that subscribe to the scientist-practitioner model of training typically award the PsyD degree.

B. Managed care companies can deny payment for care that they believe is unnecessary, even when the psychologist deems it necessary.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding psychologists' work with managed care companies? A. Managed care companies typically pay more than clients who pay directly. B. Managed care companies can deny payment for care that they believe is unnecessary, even when the psychologist deems it necessary. C. A client's use of managed care to pay for psychological services does not impact his likelihood of receiving a diagnosis. D. Managed care companies often take a hands-off approach with psychologists, allowing them great flexibility in the type and quantity of treatment they provide.

D. completion of graduate coursework, predoctoral internship, postdoctoral internship, and licensure exams

Which of the following lists the necessary stages for independent licensure as a clinical psychologist in order from first to last? A. predoctoral internship, licensure exams, postdoctoral internship, and completion of graduate coursework B. completion of graduate coursework, licensure exams, predoctoral internship, and postdoctoral internship C. predoctoral internship, completion of graduate coursework, licensure exams, and postdoctoral internship D. completion of graduate coursework, predoctoral internship, postdoctoral internship, and licensure exams

C. mental status exam

Which type of interview is most often employed in medical settings as a means of quickly assessing how the client is functioning at the time of the evaluation? A. intake interview B. diagnostic interview C. mental status exam D. crisis interview

C. Internal reliability

______ is the extent to which an assessment technique consists of items that are consistent with one another. A. Interrater reliability B. Construct reliability C. Internal reliability D. Content validity

C. Open-ended; closed-ended

______ questions are utilized in the nondirective interviewing style, while the directive interviewing style typically consists of ______ questions. A. Clarification; confronting B. Confronting; clarification C. Open-ended; closed-ended D. Closed-ended; open-ended

B. Confronting

______ questions focus on apparently contradictory information provided by clients. A. Clarification B. Confronting C. Closed-ended D. Contemplative

B. Intelligence; Achievement

______ refers to a person's cognitive capacity. ______ refers to what a person has accomplished. A. Achievement; Intelligence B. Intelligence; Achievement C. Verbal knowledge; Verbal fluency D. Verbal fluency; Verbal knowledge

A. Summarizing

______ usually involves tying together various topics that have been discussed and identifying themes that recurred during the interview. A. Summarizing B. Reflection of feeling C. Paraphrasing D. Concluding

B. Feedback

______, in which a psychologist provides the patient with the results of tests or interviews that have been conducted, is common to all kinds of psychological assessment. A. Reporting B. Feedback C. Reframing D. Summarizing

John Carroll's Three-Stratum Theory of Intelligence

a model that acknowledges not only "g" but also that more specific abilities exist as well

counseling psychologist

a psychologist who usually helps less pathological clients

fluid intelligence

ability to reason when faced with novel problems

WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)

ages 16-90 which scores both verbal and non verbal performance (7 verbal and 8 nonverbal) *Full Scale IQ*

WMS-IV

ages 16-90 with potential brain injury, dementia, substance abuse

WPPSI-IV (Wechler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence)

ages 2y 6m to 7y 3m, intelligence test

WISC-V (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children)

ages 6-16, intelligence test

mental status exam

an exam to quickly assess how the client is functioning at the time of evaluation, most often employed in medical settings

boulder model

another name for the scientist-practitioner model

Louis Thurstone

argued against g in favor of several primary mental abilities. "intelligence is many things"

School Psychologist

assesses and counsels students, consults with educators and parents, and performs behavioral intervention when necessary

evidence-based practice

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

Charles Spearman

creator of "g-factor", or general intelligence, concept

neuropsychological tests

focuses on areas of cognition or brain dysfunction, including the effects of brain injuries and illness

psychiatrist

licensed medical doctor who has specialized in treating psychological disorders

conclusion

may be similar to summarization, but may consist of diagnosis or recommendations

Reflection of feeling

paraphrasing client's words to capture the emotional tone expressed

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

similar to weschler, but covers entire life span

working memory index

tests on the WISC-IV, a measure of the capacity to store, transform, and recall incoming information and data in short-term memory WISC-IV

crystal intelligence

the body of knowledge one has accumulated as a result of life experiences

Validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Reliability

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

summarizing

tying together the various messages that the client has communicated throughout the interview

Paraphrasing

used to assure clients that they are being accurately heard

confrontation

when an interviewer notices discrepancies or inconsistencies in a client's story