Clinical Urinalysis I (Lecture 5 - Part 2)
Reagents of the Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside test)?
Sodium nitroprusside 10% NaOH Glacial acetic acid
How do you treat Alkaptonuria?
High doses of vitamin C
An accumulation of leucine, isoleucine and valine ...
Maple syrup disease
Black or dark discoloration of the urine ...
Melanuria
If only urine metabolites are increased, it is most likely a ____
Metabolic disorder
What is a negative Ferric chloride?
Negative yellow
Reagents in the Nitrosonaphthol test?
Nitric acid Sodium nitrite solution Nitrosonaphthol reagent
Tyrosyluria laboratory tests
Nitrosonaphthol + Ferric chloride: quickly fading green color Tyrosine and leucine crystals
Looking for metabolites of tyrosine ...
Nitrosonaphthol test
What is a positive Nitrosonaphthol test?
Orange red
If both urine and plasma metabolites are increased, it is most likely a ____
Overflow disorder
Mousy odor Guthrie microbial inhibition test Ferric chloride test Are all used to diagnose what?
Phenylalanine-tyrosine disorders
Ferric chloride will react with ______________ to form a color change.
Phenylpyruvic acid
What is a positive Cyanide Nitroprusside test?
Pink red or magenta
What is a negative Nitrosonaphthol test?
Yellow
What is a positive Dinitrophenylhydrazine test?
Yellow or chalky white precipitate
What color is Creatinine in the Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside test)?
Yellow then green then blue
What color is Melanogen in the Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside test)?
Azure blue
What are the three types of cystnosis?
1. Nephropathic - Cystine crystals in the proximal convoluted tubules causing nephrotic syndrome 2. Intermediate - Same symptoms, but slower 3. Ocular - Only involve the cornea
Reagents of the Alkali test?
10% NaOH
What are the reagents in the ferric chloride test?
10% ferric chloride 25% sulfuric acid
___ drops of sulfuric acid ___ drops of 10% ferric chloride
2 - SA 10 - FC
Reagents in the Dinitrophenylhydrazine test?
2N HCl Dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent
Looking for homogenstic acid...
Alkali test
What tests are used to diagnose Alkaptonuria?
Alkali test: + Ferric chloride Clinitest: + HPLC
Large amounts of homogenistic acid end up in the urine ...
Alkaptonuria
What color is a positive Alkali test?
Brown
What is a positive Ferric chloride?
Color change
Reagents in the Cyanide Nitroprusside test?
Concentrated ammonium hydroxide 5% Sodium cyanide 5% Sodium Nitroprusside
Used to detect urinary Amino acids that contain either a free sulfa group or a disulfide bond...
Cyanide Nitroprusside test
Cystine crystals Cyanide-nitroprusside test = red/purple Diagnosis?
Cystinuria/Cytnosis
What color is Acetone in the Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside test) ?
Deep red
Excess amounts of glucose in the blood and urine (2 types).
Diabetes mellitus
Looking for the presence of alpha ketones acids...
Dinitrophenylhydrazine test
Looking for the presence of melanogen...
Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside test)
Destroys pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin but cells fail to respond; tends to develop later in life
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Overflow disorder in which their is an elevated amount of tyrosine in the plasma ...
Tyrosyluria