Clinical Urinalysis I (Lecture 5 - Part 2)

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Reagents of the Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside test)?

Sodium nitroprusside 10% NaOH Glacial acetic acid

How do you treat Alkaptonuria?

High doses of vitamin C

An accumulation of leucine, isoleucine and valine ...

Maple syrup disease

Black or dark discoloration of the urine ...

Melanuria

If only urine metabolites are increased, it is most likely a ____

Metabolic disorder

What is a negative Ferric chloride?

Negative yellow

Reagents in the Nitrosonaphthol test?

Nitric acid Sodium nitrite solution Nitrosonaphthol reagent

Tyrosyluria laboratory tests

Nitrosonaphthol + Ferric chloride: quickly fading green color Tyrosine and leucine crystals

Looking for metabolites of tyrosine ...

Nitrosonaphthol test

What is a positive Nitrosonaphthol test?

Orange red

If both urine and plasma metabolites are increased, it is most likely a ____

Overflow disorder

Mousy odor Guthrie microbial inhibition test Ferric chloride test Are all used to diagnose what?

Phenylalanine-tyrosine disorders

Ferric chloride will react with ______________ to form a color change.

Phenylpyruvic acid

What is a positive Cyanide Nitroprusside test?

Pink red or magenta

What is a negative Nitrosonaphthol test?

Yellow

What is a positive Dinitrophenylhydrazine test?

Yellow or chalky white precipitate

What color is Creatinine in the Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside test)?

Yellow then green then blue

What color is Melanogen in the Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside test)?

Azure blue

What are the three types of cystnosis?

1. Nephropathic - Cystine crystals in the proximal convoluted tubules causing nephrotic syndrome 2. Intermediate - Same symptoms, but slower 3. Ocular - Only involve the cornea

Reagents of the Alkali test?

10% NaOH

What are the reagents in the ferric chloride test?

10% ferric chloride 25% sulfuric acid

___ drops of sulfuric acid ___ drops of 10% ferric chloride

2 - SA 10 - FC

Reagents in the Dinitrophenylhydrazine test?

2N HCl Dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent

Looking for homogenstic acid...

Alkali test

What tests are used to diagnose Alkaptonuria?

Alkali test: + Ferric chloride Clinitest: + HPLC

Large amounts of homogenistic acid end up in the urine ...

Alkaptonuria

What color is a positive Alkali test?

Brown

What is a positive Ferric chloride?

Color change

Reagents in the Cyanide Nitroprusside test?

Concentrated ammonium hydroxide 5% Sodium cyanide 5% Sodium Nitroprusside

Used to detect urinary Amino acids that contain either a free sulfa group or a disulfide bond...

Cyanide Nitroprusside test

Cystine crystals Cyanide-nitroprusside test = red/purple Diagnosis?

Cystinuria/Cytnosis

What color is Acetone in the Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside test) ?

Deep red

Excess amounts of glucose in the blood and urine (2 types).

Diabetes mellitus

Looking for the presence of alpha ketones acids...

Dinitrophenylhydrazine test

Looking for the presence of melanogen...

Thormahlen (Sodium Nitroprusside test)

Destroys pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin but cells fail to respond; tends to develop later in life

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Overflow disorder in which their is an elevated amount of tyrosine in the plasma ...

Tyrosyluria


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