Cm 2105 final exam
False
Accuracy, dependability, productivity, and versatility are not benefits of using a laser
Perpendicular
Along a hillside, the contours run along the side of the hill, and the slope is _________ to the contours.
False
An open traverse is a useful tool on the construction site because it provides a way to check for geometrical or mathematical mistakes.
False
Azimuths may be forward or backward. Bearing are only backward.
Instrumental
A calibration check of a 100' steel tape at 68d Fahrenheit was found to have a length of 100.02'. What type of error would this be?
225 degrees
Calculate a back azimuth for a line with an azimuth of 75 degrees.
S 225 degrees W
Calculate a back bearing for a line with a bearing of N 45 degrees E
Step 5 (peg test)
Compare the readings. The decimal part of the reading should be the same if the instrument is in proper adjustment. If the decimal parts are different, the instrument needs adjusting
COGO
Description of the combined mathematical process of plane geometry, trig, and coordinate systems that surveyors use to determine coordinates and layout data
Trig
Determine relationships in triangles using the angles and sides
The horizontal axis should be perpendicular to the vertical axis
In high-rise construction, which of the geometric relationships within an instrument is most important for plumbing the structure?
Vertical Axis
Optical and laser plummets are used to ensure precise setups. Which principal line does it line exactly with?
True
Performing traverse computations is very systematic and exact. The procedure proceeds in a systematic manner with no steps skipped, or the calculation will be incomplete.
True
Possibly the greatest source of error in chaining is that the users are not familiar with the chain.
False
Random chaining errors are predicatble, follow the laws of math/ physics, and can be removed by calculation
Step 2 (peg test)
Set up the leveling instrument preciselt between these two objects, make sure it is level, and sight towards each object. Because the geomotry of the instrument, these marks will be the same elevation
False
Systematic chaining errors are variable in nature
False
Temperature, length, and slope errors are avoidable.
False
The 3/4/5 triangle can be used to establish parallel lines
Real time kinematic
The GPS method which utilizes (internet or radio) connection between base receiver and rover units for collection or laying out positions immediately on site is called?
engineers chain
The _______ is widely used in construction layout and is graduated in feet, tenths, and hundredths.
Visible light
The ________ laser, also known as the "helium-neon" laser, is a gaseous type that consists of helium and neon.
Engineers chain
The __________ is much easier to use and is significantly easier when measurements are added or subtracted
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
The acronym LASER used in surveying stands for
Contours display steepness or flatness
The horizontal distance between adjacent contours indicates the steepness of the slope of the ground between the contours. When the contours are relatively close together, the slope is comparatively steep, and when the contours are far apart, the slope is gentle
Traverse
The method of surveying measurement determines the angles and distance between a series of points. These measurements are used to calculate the positions of the points. This series of points are used to establish a grid system called ____________
Tape
The term _______ is used to describe a 25 foot, 30 foot, 8 meter spring retractable measuring tool commonly used by carpenters or others measuring short distances on the construction site
Contour
The term _________ describes a line drawn on a map to represent a line of constant elevation on the ground.
chain
The term __________ is used to describe a 100-foot, 200-foot, 30-meter, or 50-meter measuring tool on a reel commonly used by surveyors and others for long distances.
The ground is always higher on the same side
This is a very important characteristic that must be followed exactly when a field engineer is attempting to draw contours from spot or grid elevations.
Intersections
To obtain the coordinates of inaccessible points, ________ can be used.
Instrumental
Type of chain errors: Kinks in tape
Personal
Types of chain errors: Carelessness in setting pins or reading tape
Natural
Types of chain errors: Temperature, wind, weight of tape
Increase both latitude and departure
What are the effects on the latitude and departure components when a line starts at a beginning point heading in a northeast direction and ends at the ending point?
The plate level is not perpendicular to the vertical axis
What direct-and-reverse procedures do not eliminate out-of-calibration geometric relations?
4
What is the minimum number of satellites needed for determining of a position's elevation when using a GPS?
Back up data as soon as possible
What is the most important rule of thumb regarding downloading GPS data?
Differential
What type of leveling does a laser level use in the generation of a points elevation?
Recording less
When a distance between two points is measured with a chain that is too long, the distance that is recorded will be smaller or less than the actual length of the line
Recording more
When a distance between two points is measured with a chain that is too short, the distance that is recorded will be larger or more than the actual length of the line
Lay out more
When a distance is laid out with a chain that is too long, the point will be set farther than it should be
Lay out less
When a distance is to be laid out with a chain that is too short, the point will be set closer than it should be
Laying out
When laying out a building, points are going to be set at a prescribed distance taken from the plans or from calculations. This is referred to as __________.
False
When note keeping, designate deflections to the left as positive and deflections to the right as negative.
Measuring the distance
When two points are already existing in the ground, such as two control monuments, the field engineer will occasionally check the distance between them. This is referred to as _______.
The line of sight should be perpendicular to the vertical axis.
When using a transit as a level for setting grade on forms, establishing elevation, etc., which of the geometric relationships within an instrument is most important?
Step 4 (peg test)
Whenever a leveling instrument needs to be pegged, set up the instrument close to one of the objects. Sight onto the near rod face, and read the rod
Systematic
Which of the following error types is predictable when using a steel tape?
Never use two lasers on the job site at the same time Minimize heat effect by setting laser high. Limit distance of shots from the beacon.
Which of the following is/are critical considerations when using a laser on a jobsite?
Orbiting Errors
Which type of interference needs to be considered when using GPS for construction layout and surveying?
Metric
_________ chains are generally available in lengths of 5, 10, 20, and 30 meters.
Inversing
__________ is a process that uses coordinates from two points to determine the distance and direction between the points.
Nominal
__________ length describes the length the chain should be.
Azimuth
___________ require only a numerical value.
Closed
___________ traverse provide the primary method used in checking surveying field work.
Geometry
the mathematics that deals with the relationships, properties, and measurements of solids, surfaces, angles, and lines
Algebra
Fundamental knowledge for solving equations
Step 3 (peg test)
Glue or nail a section of the rod on each object, making sure the foot or meter mark at the bottom
A contour on the ground closes on itself
If a person starts at any point on a contour and follows the path of the contour, they will eventually return to the starting point
Interior
If the traverse is being run around a job site and is a closed polygon _________ angles are typically measured.
True
It is good practice to run a traverse around the site and include the property corners as points in the traverse. This allows for the information on the site plan to be double-checked prior to construction.
Rotating
Laser projects a beam that can be seen 360 degrees around the instrument
Fixed
Laser projects a single line, for example a pipe laser
Utility
Laser projects fixed or rotating lines
Step 1 (peg test)
Locate two objects about 250 feet apart where it would be possible to glue onto or nail into a 2-foot or 1-meter section of an old rod. This could be old power poles, light poles, buildings, bridge piers, etc. Obtain permission to do this from the owner
Direct and reverse angles
Many errors in angle turning instruments can be eliminated by turning which type of field angle?
Triangle
Math Shapes: 3-sided polygon
Quadrelateral
Math Shapes: 4-sided Polygon
point
Math shapes: A position that has no length, width, or height
Line
Math shapes: Connects points formed by a curved line
Circle
Math shapes: Every point of which is an equal distance from the center