CMF Quiz 2

Lithography

"Writing on stone", Offset Planographic Printing INDIRECT water and oil do not mix image does not go directly to the paper from the plates

Yellow Printing Angle

0° or 90°

Steps of Printing Process

1) Prepress 2)Press, actual printing operations 3) Postpress, binding and finishing

Lithography/ Offset Process

1. Inking and Dampening (water systems) 2. Plate Cylinder (image carrier) 3. Blanket Cylinder (Offset) 4. Impression Cylinder (Pressure source)

Dye Sublimation Process

1. Print graphics onto special transfer paper using sublimation inks 2. Use a heat press to transfer the ink-on-paper to the item you want to decorate

Cyan Printing Angle

15° or 105°

Web-fed Offset Lithography

includes newspapers, newspaper insert or ads, magazines, direct mail, catalogs, and books. Web Press: printing, folding, and sheeting happens in line.

Inkjet Gamut

larger that other printing methods, includes hues such as orange red, green, blue, or violet

LPI

lines per inch Assigns where the center point of each dot is placed Smaller LPI= low quality, Higher LPI= high quality 65-85 LPI for newspaper 133-150 LPI for magazine 175-300+ LPI for high end books

Digital Press

machine that prints a digital image to substrate. Does not require the creation of permanent plates

Printing Plates

made of rubber, metal, or plastic depending on the printing process. Image is put on plate using photomechanical, photochemical, or laser engraving process. Image can be positive or negative.

Scanning Printed Material

magazines, books, labels, newspaper or any other type of printed material, need to use descreen filter

Multi-color press

multiple color units

1 type of indirect printing

offset lithography

Single-color press

one color unit

Reflective

opaque, magazines, books, posters

wide transparency

oversize film

What affects printing budgets dirctly

paper stock and number of inks used for each print run (signature)

Color Cast

unwanted tint of color, requires color correction

Moiré Pattern

An undesirable pattern in color printing, resulting from incorrect screen angles of overprinting halftones. Moiré patterns can be minimized with the use of proper screen angles Scanning magazines: murky herringbone/ crosshatched pattern.

Printing Angles

Angle makes image look softer. Human brains love patterns. Gives a sense of motion, dynamism, fluidity. Must be printed at time-honored angles. Lines = 0° Angle = 45°. Black and White Half Tone = 45°

Registration Black

Black created using 100% of each process color Never use registration black on anything other than printer marks

Dye Sublimation Printing

Dye diffusion thermal transfer printing. Use heat to transfer dyes from plastic donor ribbon to transfer paper ink is embedded into substrate million tiny dots producing continuous tone do not need white background

Half Tone Dots

In traditional printing, various sizes of halftone dots allow different amounts of the four process colors to interact in a given area.

Nanographic Technology

Landa Technology, prints on anything wide color gamut environmentally friendly nano size ink particles

Relief Printing

Letterpress, Flexography DIRECT

Line Art

Line Copy, solid lines, figures, text. No gradient tones. 600-1200 ppi does not require Descreen Filter

RIP

Raster Image Processor (Ripping a File) High Resolution Bitmap> Screening Halftone Dots> Color Seperation> Printer Plates Special print server with a software module used in a printing systems that convert a description of the content of a page into info that can be output on paper, film, plates, or any other substrate.

Two different types of spreads in printing production

Reader spreads Printer spreads

Four Analog Printing Methods

Relief, Recess, Planographic, Stencil

3 types of direct printing

Relief, Recess, Stencil

Half Tone

Reproduces/ simulates a continuous tone in printing industry. (Books, magazines, or newspapers) Using small dots varying in size or space. Black and White is Printed at 45°

Printing

Reproducing words or images on paper, card, plastic, fabric, or another material. single to billion copies. Latin: Premere, to press almost all types involve pressing one thing against another

Digital Printing

The Class of prints Created using the most common modern, non-impact printing technologies: electrophotographic, inkjet, direct dye thermal transfer (dye sub) Computer to Press quick setup/ turn around, little waste

Registration

To match precisely placement of successive colors in a four Color process job; or to align accurately any corresponding elements of an image or impression

Crop marks

Trim marks, lines printed in the corners of sheet to show where to trim the paper

How to identify a flexography print

Type appears to be surrounded by a sharp-edged halo. Halftone dots may have dark edges and light centers. Very sharp and well defined edges.

How to Identify a Litho Print

Type edges are sharp and well defined. Ink density is similar across the letter. Paper around the ink is clear/ unprinted (clean and neat. Sharpness and consistent ink density is reflected in the halftone dots.

UV Printing

Ultraviolet Printing, using UV inks

USM

Unsharp Mask method for increasing images sharpness

VDP

Variable Data Publishing Ever sheet can be different from the last

Spot color

changes spot color to CMYK process color

Pre-press

first step of printing process include composition, graphic arts, photography, imaging, manipulation, imposition, and image carrier prep. Idea is printed image is converted into and image carrier such and a plate, cylinder, or screen.

Disadvantages of Inkjet Printing

good quality inks are expensive lifetime of inkjet printer is limited

Offset Printing

image does not go directly to the paper from the planes Lithography, Indirect

Recess/ Gravure Printing

image is engraved into printing cylinder. postage stamps, packaging honeycomb/ etched / sunken cells containing ink (image areas) very low viscosity ink 500,000 - millions runs

Gripper Margin

A space at the leading edge of a sheet usually ⅜" to 1/5" wide in which on a sheetfed press, printing cannot take place

Rosette Pattern

Four Color printing process. CMYK each at different angles. Pleasant and desired to look at.

Direct Printing

Image is transferred directly from the image carrier to the substrate. Consists of pressure. Ex. Gravure, Flexography, Screen, Letterpress

Indirect Printing

Image is transferred from image carrier (plate cylinder) to the offset cylinder (Blanket) and then two substrate. There is no pressure. Ex. Lithography

Appropriate resolution settings during scanning

Images for the Web= 72-150ppi Images for Printing= 300-400ppi Line art of Text= 600-1200ppi Transparencies: 300-3000ppi

Conventional Workflow

PRE-PRESS: Design Workstation Print Provider's Workstation (RIP) (color proofs) PRESS-PRODUCTION: Computer-To-Plate (Color Seperation Plate) Press

Relief/ Flexography

Packaging Materials, world's fastest growing print technology flexible rubber relief plates, water based fast-drying low viscosity inking system good quality, least expensive, world's fastest growing print technology almost any substrate can go through flexo press 100,000 - millions runs

Disadvantages of Xerography

Paper must support intense heat and pressure high initial and maintenance cost finishing is done off line

Printing dots

Physical pixels are translated into little squares/ dots on paper. Can be used at any angle unlike pixels. Lines = 0° Angle = 45°

Pre-Flighting

Pre-Press Process; all. files are checked to determine that they have all the required native files, fonts, logos, and images Indesign project package is sent to the print provider. Print Provider goes through all files, look for error, make corrections to match the equipment.

work and tumble

Print and tumble, work and roll, work and flop, Press imposition that requires one plate to be printed on both sides of the press sheet; producing the same image on both sides of a sheet

Descreen Filter

Software filter to remove moiré. Most scanning software has descreen filter. Slows process of scanning, not quite perfect Never use for real photographs or line art (continuous tone) Use only on something that has been printed (has dpi) Newspapers: 85LPI MagazinesP 150LPI high-end Art Books: 175LPI

FM Screening

Stochastic Screening (Staccato) (Frequency Modulation) Screening Randomly distributing dots, no regular grid, all dots same size Measured in microns- size of dot. lower micron- finer detail, continuous tone feel. larger CMYK color gamut. no Rosettes, Faster ink drying

On Demand Printing

any printer provider would have stocks and print details on hand

UV Inks

are dried (cured) with UV light no chemicals released into the air

Uncoated Paper

print showing feathered edges

Coated Paper

print showing smooth edges

Planographic

printing from a flat surface. Image and non-image are on the same plane

Imposition

(Process) of moving Document from reader spreads to printer spreads The placement and direction of pages contained in a signature Some may be backwards or upside down but will be in place once the sheet is folded and cut

Black Printing Angle

45°

Screen Angles

45°=Black 75° = Magenta 90°/0° = Yellow 105°/15° = Cyan

Magenta Printing Angle

75°

Misregistration

A printing defect in which printed co,offs do not align with each other

Process inks

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black ink; the fundamental inks used in printing. Are Transparent so when they are combined on paper they can produce other colors.

RIP Process

Contents are mapped to the bits, Pixels are translated to the pattern of ink dots with very high resolution. Determines and sets the imposition of a piece, adjust colors as needed, Completes higher level function such as preparing and running variable data print jobs

AM Screening

Conventional half tones (amplitude modulation), Distribute ink over a grid, Measured in lines per inch, change of size Higher ink density= darker dots

Pre-Flight Checklist

Files are not corrupt. All graphics and images are linked. Image files have the correct color. format, resolution, color profiles. Detects transparency image problems. Art is in a compatible file format. Fonts are accessible to the print provider's system. Page Layout document size, margins, bleeds, marks and page information all fit within the constraints of the output device

RIT Screen Ruling Indicator

Find out the screen ruling (LPI) of a reproduction Filter in the scanning process

How to identify a gravure print

Gravure Printing gives the effect of broken shape dots, missing dot and donut shaped dot. Text shows a rough halftone appearance. Halftone dots may have a watery appearance. Dots may have a hole in their centers.

Recess Printing

Gravure, Intaglio DIRECT

Signature

Group of pages printed on both sides of a large sheet The sheet (paper) is then folded, cut and trimmed down to the finished page size Number of pages on it depends on page size and press sheet This must be decided before beginning the layout

Print sheet

Has at least four pages 4, 8, 16, 24, 32

Spatial Resolution

High= better quality Low= web/ lower quality High SP is necessary to render type and fine line work

Screen Ruling

Line screen/ screen frequency Number of halftone dots per linear inch used to print half tone images (grayscale/ color) Measured by Lines Per Inch High screen ruling = high quality, Low screen ruling = low quality Determined by: the image to be reproduced, the technique used to make the screen, the press and paper used to produce the final product Coarse paper = coarser screen, fine paper = finer screen Smaller/ less visible dots = looks more like a continuous tone image. 65-85 LPI for newspaper 133-150 LPI for magazine 175-300+ LPI for high end books

Gripper Edge

Located in the gripper margin

Correct imposition

Minimizes printing time by maximizing number of pages per impression Reduces cost of press time and materials Printed sheet must be filled as fully as possible

Continuous Tone

Non-broken range of tones from white to black that every shade of gray represented. Traditional photography produces continuous tone images.

Planographic Printing

Offset Lithography INDIRECT Printing from a flat surface, where the image and no image read are on the same plane

SPI

Samples Per Inch scanner and digital image resolution. more samples = closer scan is to original

Stencil Printing

Screen DIRECT

electrophotographic printing

Sends charge to a medal cylinder called a drum The electric charge is used to attract toner particles

Work-and-turn

Sheetwise imposition Printed sheets are flipped over- keeping the same Gripper Edge- and run through again

Printer spreads

The order in which pages are placed for printing

Reader spreads

The order you would read the pages As you create a document and page layout

Tone Density

The percentage of darkness in an area using different size dots. Simulates transition between like to dark areas. Bigger dots=darker, smaller dots=brighter

4 Colors Process

The screen is rotated each time using new angles for each color. 45°=Black 75° = Magenta 90°/0° = Yellow 105°/15° = Cyan

tone

The shades of color (range of lightest to darkest) in an image

Screening systems

There are two used to generate halftone dots AM/ Conventional Fm/ Stochastic

Post-Press

Third step of printing process assembly of printed materials binding, finishing, and distribution

Electrophotography

Xerography dry and liquid toners charge to metal cylinder (drum) a fuser melts toner to substrate toner is bonded to surface of substrate, not absorbed

Print Ready file

a checked and good file, adheres to the service provider's specifications for high-resolution printing. Sent to RIP

Sheet-fed Offset Lithography

commonly used for printing short run (1-1000) magazine, brochures, letter headings, and general commercial printing.

control dock

contains a series of dialogs that let you configure the silverfast tools

Sheet-fed

cut mode; sheet-fed presses. Individual sheets of paper

Scanning Continuous Tone

does not require descreen filter

DPI

dots per inch, measured by centers of each dot no matter the size. Maximum number of dots per inch a printer can access

Transparent

film/slides

Advantages of Inkjet Printing

quiet, faster high res cheap devices large format printers

Advantages of Nanotechnology

ready to run, no plats, no chemicals, prints on all standard media lowest cost per page among digital presses operates side by side with offset presses

Advantages of Xerography

replaces Litho, Flexo, and Screen no printing plates required very high print quality VDP 1-1,000+ copies On Demand Printing

Web-fed

roll mode; web-fed presses, high speed uses rolls of paper.

Press

second step of printing process refers to actual printing operations

Inkjet printer

small droplets of ink that are propelled from the nozzles of one or more print heads. Ink Can be water based, solvent based, UV-Curable can print on wade range of substrates used for posters and signage similar to screening technique (half toning)

Traditional inks

solvent based, dry by allowing chemicals to evaporate over time

Traditional Printing Process

the method used for a particular type of equipment to transfer an image onto a substrate. a Medium carries the image to the substrate. Can be direct or indirect.

Rotogravure

webbed presses used for large runs Publications Advertising, Specialized packaging, Specialty Products