CMF Quiz 2
Lithography
"Writing on stone", Offset Planographic Printing INDIRECT water and oil do not mix image does not go directly to the paper from the plates
Yellow Printing Angle
0° or 90°
Steps of Printing Process
1) Prepress 2)Press, actual printing operations 3) Postpress, binding and finishing
Lithography/ Offset Process
1. Inking and Dampening (water systems) 2. Plate Cylinder (image carrier) 3. Blanket Cylinder (Offset) 4. Impression Cylinder (Pressure source)
Dye Sublimation Process
1. Print graphics onto special transfer paper using sublimation inks 2. Use a heat press to transfer the ink-on-paper to the item you want to decorate
Cyan Printing Angle
15° or 105°
Web-fed Offset Lithography
includes newspapers, newspaper insert or ads, magazines, direct mail, catalogs, and books. Web Press: printing, folding, and sheeting happens in line.
Inkjet Gamut
larger that other printing methods, includes hues such as orange red, green, blue, or violet
LPI
lines per inch Assigns where the center point of each dot is placed Smaller LPI= low quality, Higher LPI= high quality 65-85 LPI for newspaper 133-150 LPI for magazine 175-300+ LPI for high end books
Digital Press
machine that prints a digital image to substrate. Does not require the creation of permanent plates
Printing Plates
made of rubber, metal, or plastic depending on the printing process. Image is put on plate using photomechanical, photochemical, or laser engraving process. Image can be positive or negative.
Scanning Printed Material
magazines, books, labels, newspaper or any other type of printed material, need to use descreen filter
Multi-color press
multiple color units
1 type of indirect printing
offset lithography
Single-color press
one color unit
Reflective
opaque, magazines, books, posters
wide transparency
oversize film
What affects printing budgets dirctly
paper stock and number of inks used for each print run (signature)
Color Cast
unwanted tint of color, requires color correction
Moiré Pattern
An undesirable pattern in color printing, resulting from incorrect screen angles of overprinting halftones. Moiré patterns can be minimized with the use of proper screen angles Scanning magazines: murky herringbone/ crosshatched pattern.
Printing Angles
Angle makes image look softer. Human brains love patterns. Gives a sense of motion, dynamism, fluidity. Must be printed at time-honored angles. Lines = 0° Angle = 45°. Black and White Half Tone = 45°
Registration Black
Black created using 100% of each process color Never use registration black on anything other than printer marks
Dye Sublimation Printing
Dye diffusion thermal transfer printing. Use heat to transfer dyes from plastic donor ribbon to transfer paper ink is embedded into substrate million tiny dots producing continuous tone do not need white background
Half Tone Dots
In traditional printing, various sizes of halftone dots allow different amounts of the four process colors to interact in a given area.
Nanographic Technology
Landa Technology, prints on anything wide color gamut environmentally friendly nano size ink particles
Relief Printing
Letterpress, Flexography DIRECT
Line Art
Line Copy, solid lines, figures, text. No gradient tones. 600-1200 ppi does not require Descreen Filter
RIP
Raster Image Processor (Ripping a File) High Resolution Bitmap> Screening Halftone Dots> Color Seperation> Printer Plates Special print server with a software module used in a printing systems that convert a description of the content of a page into info that can be output on paper, film, plates, or any other substrate.
Two different types of spreads in printing production
Reader spreads Printer spreads
Four Analog Printing Methods
Relief, Recess, Planographic, Stencil
3 types of direct printing
Relief, Recess, Stencil
Half Tone
Reproduces/ simulates a continuous tone in printing industry. (Books, magazines, or newspapers) Using small dots varying in size or space. Black and White is Printed at 45°
Printing
Reproducing words or images on paper, card, plastic, fabric, or another material. single to billion copies. Latin: Premere, to press almost all types involve pressing one thing against another
Digital Printing
The Class of prints Created using the most common modern, non-impact printing technologies: electrophotographic, inkjet, direct dye thermal transfer (dye sub) Computer to Press quick setup/ turn around, little waste
Registration
To match precisely placement of successive colors in a four Color process job; or to align accurately any corresponding elements of an image or impression
Crop marks
Trim marks, lines printed in the corners of sheet to show where to trim the paper
How to identify a flexography print
Type appears to be surrounded by a sharp-edged halo. Halftone dots may have dark edges and light centers. Very sharp and well defined edges.
How to Identify a Litho Print
Type edges are sharp and well defined. Ink density is similar across the letter. Paper around the ink is clear/ unprinted (clean and neat. Sharpness and consistent ink density is reflected in the halftone dots.
UV Printing
Ultraviolet Printing, using UV inks
USM
Unsharp Mask method for increasing images sharpness
VDP
Variable Data Publishing Ever sheet can be different from the last
Spot color
changes spot color to CMYK process color
Pre-press
first step of printing process include composition, graphic arts, photography, imaging, manipulation, imposition, and image carrier prep. Idea is printed image is converted into and image carrier such and a plate, cylinder, or screen.
Disadvantages of Inkjet Printing
good quality inks are expensive lifetime of inkjet printer is limited
Offset Printing
image does not go directly to the paper from the planes Lithography, Indirect
Recess/ Gravure Printing
image is engraved into printing cylinder. postage stamps, packaging honeycomb/ etched / sunken cells containing ink (image areas) very low viscosity ink 500,000 - millions runs
Gripper Margin
A space at the leading edge of a sheet usually ⅜" to 1/5" wide in which on a sheetfed press, printing cannot take place
Rosette Pattern
Four Color printing process. CMYK each at different angles. Pleasant and desired to look at.
Direct Printing
Image is transferred directly from the image carrier to the substrate. Consists of pressure. Ex. Gravure, Flexography, Screen, Letterpress
Indirect Printing
Image is transferred from image carrier (plate cylinder) to the offset cylinder (Blanket) and then two substrate. There is no pressure. Ex. Lithography
Appropriate resolution settings during scanning
Images for the Web= 72-150ppi Images for Printing= 300-400ppi Line art of Text= 600-1200ppi Transparencies: 300-3000ppi
Conventional Workflow
PRE-PRESS: Design Workstation Print Provider's Workstation (RIP) (color proofs) PRESS-PRODUCTION: Computer-To-Plate (Color Seperation Plate) Press
Relief/ Flexography
Packaging Materials, world's fastest growing print technology flexible rubber relief plates, water based fast-drying low viscosity inking system good quality, least expensive, world's fastest growing print technology almost any substrate can go through flexo press 100,000 - millions runs
Disadvantages of Xerography
Paper must support intense heat and pressure high initial and maintenance cost finishing is done off line
Printing dots
Physical pixels are translated into little squares/ dots on paper. Can be used at any angle unlike pixels. Lines = 0° Angle = 45°
Pre-Flighting
Pre-Press Process; all. files are checked to determine that they have all the required native files, fonts, logos, and images Indesign project package is sent to the print provider. Print Provider goes through all files, look for error, make corrections to match the equipment.
work and tumble
Print and tumble, work and roll, work and flop, Press imposition that requires one plate to be printed on both sides of the press sheet; producing the same image on both sides of a sheet
Descreen Filter
Software filter to remove moiré. Most scanning software has descreen filter. Slows process of scanning, not quite perfect Never use for real photographs or line art (continuous tone) Use only on something that has been printed (has dpi) Newspapers: 85LPI MagazinesP 150LPI high-end Art Books: 175LPI
FM Screening
Stochastic Screening (Staccato) (Frequency Modulation) Screening Randomly distributing dots, no regular grid, all dots same size Measured in microns- size of dot. lower micron- finer detail, continuous tone feel. larger CMYK color gamut. no Rosettes, Faster ink drying
On Demand Printing
any printer provider would have stocks and print details on hand
UV Inks
are dried (cured) with UV light no chemicals released into the air
Uncoated Paper
print showing feathered edges
Coated Paper
print showing smooth edges
Planographic
printing from a flat surface. Image and non-image are on the same plane
Imposition
(Process) of moving Document from reader spreads to printer spreads The placement and direction of pages contained in a signature Some may be backwards or upside down but will be in place once the sheet is folded and cut
Black Printing Angle
45°
Screen Angles
45°=Black 75° = Magenta 90°/0° = Yellow 105°/15° = Cyan
Magenta Printing Angle
75°
Misregistration
A printing defect in which printed co,offs do not align with each other
Process inks
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black ink; the fundamental inks used in printing. Are Transparent so when they are combined on paper they can produce other colors.
RIP Process
Contents are mapped to the bits, Pixels are translated to the pattern of ink dots with very high resolution. Determines and sets the imposition of a piece, adjust colors as needed, Completes higher level function such as preparing and running variable data print jobs
AM Screening
Conventional half tones (amplitude modulation), Distribute ink over a grid, Measured in lines per inch, change of size Higher ink density= darker dots
Pre-Flight Checklist
Files are not corrupt. All graphics and images are linked. Image files have the correct color. format, resolution, color profiles. Detects transparency image problems. Art is in a compatible file format. Fonts are accessible to the print provider's system. Page Layout document size, margins, bleeds, marks and page information all fit within the constraints of the output device
RIT Screen Ruling Indicator
Find out the screen ruling (LPI) of a reproduction Filter in the scanning process
How to identify a gravure print
Gravure Printing gives the effect of broken shape dots, missing dot and donut shaped dot. Text shows a rough halftone appearance. Halftone dots may have a watery appearance. Dots may have a hole in their centers.
Recess Printing
Gravure, Intaglio DIRECT
Signature
Group of pages printed on both sides of a large sheet The sheet (paper) is then folded, cut and trimmed down to the finished page size Number of pages on it depends on page size and press sheet This must be decided before beginning the layout
Print sheet
Has at least four pages 4, 8, 16, 24, 32
Spatial Resolution
High= better quality Low= web/ lower quality High SP is necessary to render type and fine line work
Screen Ruling
Line screen/ screen frequency Number of halftone dots per linear inch used to print half tone images (grayscale/ color) Measured by Lines Per Inch High screen ruling = high quality, Low screen ruling = low quality Determined by: the image to be reproduced, the technique used to make the screen, the press and paper used to produce the final product Coarse paper = coarser screen, fine paper = finer screen Smaller/ less visible dots = looks more like a continuous tone image. 65-85 LPI for newspaper 133-150 LPI for magazine 175-300+ LPI for high end books
Gripper Edge
Located in the gripper margin
Correct imposition
Minimizes printing time by maximizing number of pages per impression Reduces cost of press time and materials Printed sheet must be filled as fully as possible
Continuous Tone
Non-broken range of tones from white to black that every shade of gray represented. Traditional photography produces continuous tone images.
Planographic Printing
Offset Lithography INDIRECT Printing from a flat surface, where the image and no image read are on the same plane
SPI
Samples Per Inch scanner and digital image resolution. more samples = closer scan is to original
Stencil Printing
Screen DIRECT
electrophotographic printing
Sends charge to a medal cylinder called a drum The electric charge is used to attract toner particles
Work-and-turn
Sheetwise imposition Printed sheets are flipped over- keeping the same Gripper Edge- and run through again
Printer spreads
The order in which pages are placed for printing
Reader spreads
The order you would read the pages As you create a document and page layout
Tone Density
The percentage of darkness in an area using different size dots. Simulates transition between like to dark areas. Bigger dots=darker, smaller dots=brighter
4 Colors Process
The screen is rotated each time using new angles for each color. 45°=Black 75° = Magenta 90°/0° = Yellow 105°/15° = Cyan
tone
The shades of color (range of lightest to darkest) in an image
Screening systems
There are two used to generate halftone dots AM/ Conventional Fm/ Stochastic
Post-Press
Third step of printing process assembly of printed materials binding, finishing, and distribution
Electrophotography
Xerography dry and liquid toners charge to metal cylinder (drum) a fuser melts toner to substrate toner is bonded to surface of substrate, not absorbed
Print Ready file
a checked and good file, adheres to the service provider's specifications for high-resolution printing. Sent to RIP
Sheet-fed Offset Lithography
commonly used for printing short run (1-1000) magazine, brochures, letter headings, and general commercial printing.
control dock
contains a series of dialogs that let you configure the silverfast tools
Sheet-fed
cut mode; sheet-fed presses. Individual sheets of paper
Scanning Continuous Tone
does not require descreen filter
DPI
dots per inch, measured by centers of each dot no matter the size. Maximum number of dots per inch a printer can access
Transparent
film/slides
Advantages of Inkjet Printing
quiet, faster high res cheap devices large format printers
Advantages of Nanotechnology
ready to run, no plats, no chemicals, prints on all standard media lowest cost per page among digital presses operates side by side with offset presses
Advantages of Xerography
replaces Litho, Flexo, and Screen no printing plates required very high print quality VDP 1-1,000+ copies On Demand Printing
Web-fed
roll mode; web-fed presses, high speed uses rolls of paper.
Press
second step of printing process refers to actual printing operations
Inkjet printer
small droplets of ink that are propelled from the nozzles of one or more print heads. Ink Can be water based, solvent based, UV-Curable can print on wade range of substrates used for posters and signage similar to screening technique (half toning)
Traditional inks
solvent based, dry by allowing chemicals to evaporate over time
Traditional Printing Process
the method used for a particular type of equipment to transfer an image onto a substrate. a Medium carries the image to the substrate. Can be direct or indirect.
Rotogravure
webbed presses used for large runs Publications Advertising, Specialized packaging, Specialty Products