CMN FINAL-Week6- Listening

Unintentional Interrupting

"I think so too." "That's so cool!" We may also interrupt out of necessity if we're engaged in a task with the other person and need to offer directions (e.g., "Turn left here."), instructions (e.g., "Will you whisk the eggs?"), or warnings (e.g., "Look out behind you!"). All these interruptions are not typically thought of as evidence of bad listening unless they become distracting for the speaker or are unnecessary.

external distractions

(eg. attending your cell phone rather than speaker)

Savoring

1. (enjoying mundane sounds) - the sound of the washer spinning

Know the different listening types

1. Discriminative listening 2. Informational listening 3. Critical listening 4. Empathetic listening

What are the stages of the listening process as described by your text?

1.receiving 2.interpreting 3.recalling 4. evaluating 5. Responding

Silence

3 mins of silence every day to "reset" your ears

What are the barriers to listening effectively?

Failing to limit distractions(noise) Failing to attend to the message Environmental and physical Cognitive and personal Difference between speech and thought rate Lack of listening preparation Bad messages and/or speakers Prejudice Bad listening practices (Unintentional Interrupting, .Distorted listening, Eavesdropping,Aggressive listening,Narcissistic listening,Pseudo-listening）

Be able to evaluate listening approaches appropriate to specific situations.

Improving Conscious listening (from 5 ways to listen better TED talk) -Silence -The mixer -Savoring -Listening position -1. RASA- receive, appreciate, summarize, ask

· Internal distractions

Inner dialog

What can we do to be more effective listeners?

Observe, Focus, Acknowledge, and Respect (RASA) Receive Appreciate Summarize Ask

recalling（stage)

Our ability to recall information is dependent on some of the physiological limits of how memory works.

Describe the different listening styles.

People-oriented listeners Action-oriented listeners Content-oriented listeners Time-oriented listeners

Environmental and physical barriers

Psychological noise (stress, mental anxiety), or noise stemming from our psychological states including moods and level of arousal, can facilitate or impede listening. Physiological noise (weakness, sleepiness, and tiredness, trembling, sweating, blushing, or even breaking out in rashes), like environmental noise, can interfere with our ability to process incoming information

evaluating（stage)

When we evaluate something, we make judgments about its credibility, completeness, and worth. In terms of credibility,

Narcissistic listening

a form of self-centered and self-absorbed listening in which listeners try to make the interaction about them

Describe paraphrasing and clarifying statements. When is it a good idea to use these?

a responding behavior that can also show that you understand what was communicated. When you paraphrase information, you rephrase the message into your own words. Paraphrasing is also a good tool to use in computer-mediated communication, especially since miscommunication can occur due to a lack of nonverbal and other contextual cues.

Listening position

a. passive/active b. reductive/expansive c. critical/empathetic

Content-oriented listeners （styles.）

analytic and enjoy processing complex messages. Like in-depth info & hearing multiple perspectives on issue. --Learners

Difference between speech and thought rate

as personal concerns are often the focus of competing thoughts that can take us away from listening and challenge our ability to concentrate on others' messages.

Cognitive and personal barriers

cognitive limits, a lack of listening preparation, difficult or disorganized messages, and prejudices can interfere with listening.

People-oriented listeners （styles.）

concerned about feelings of others and may get distracted from a specific task or the content of a message in order to address feelings. --supporters

Time-oriented listeners

concerned with completing tasks & achieving goals. Don't like irrelevant info, Like to stick to timeline; may cut people off. --executives.

Critical listening (type)

entails listening with the goal of analyzing or evaluating a message based on information presented verbally and information that can be inferred from context. A critical listener evaluates a message and accepts it, rejects it, or decides to withhold judgment and seek more information.

Informational listening (type)

entails listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information. This type of listening is not evaluative and is common in teaching and learning contexts ranging from a student listening to an informative speech to an out-of-towner listening to directions to the nearest gas station. We also use informational listening when we listen to news reports, voice mail, and briefings at work. Since retention and recall are important components of informational listening, good concentration and memory skills are key

Responding（stage)

entails sending verbal and nonverbal messages that indicate attentiveness and understanding or a lack thereof. Paraphrasing

receiving （stage)

feedback and new messages. This part of the listening process is more physiological than other parts, which include cognitive and relational elements. We can enhance our ability to receive, and in turn listen, by trying to minimize noise.

Eavesdropping

involves a calculated and planned attempt to secretly listen to a conversation.

Discriminative listening (type)

is a focused and usually instrumental type of listening that is primarily physiological and occurs mostly at the receiving stage of the listening process.

Pseudo-listening

is behaving as if you're paying attention to a speaker when you're actually no

Empathetic listening (type)

is the most challenging form of listening and occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling. Empathetic listening is distinct from sympathetic listening. While the word empathy means to "feel into" or "feel with" another person, sympathy means to "feel for" someone.

The mixer

listen to how many channels of sound can you hear

Lack of listening preparation

listening just doesn't get the same kind of praise, attention, instruction, or credibility as speaking. Teachers, parents, and relational partners explicitly convey the importance of listening through statements like "You better listen to me," "Listen closely," and "Listen up," but these demands are rarely paired with concrete instruction

Action-oriented listeners（styles.）

organized, precise, and accurate info. Can become frustrated with unorganized communication or "long-winded speakers" --builders

Bad messages and/or speakers

poorly structured messages or messages that are too vague, too jargon filled, or too simple can present listening difficulties.

.Distorted listening

rationalization is another form of distorted listening through which we adapt, edit, or skew incoming information to fit our existing schemata.

Aggressive listening

to ambush speakers in order to critique their ideas, personality, or other characteristics.

interpreting（stage)

we combine the visual and auditory information we receive and try to make meaning out of that information using schemata.

Prejudice

when we prejudge a person based on his or her identity or ideas, we usually stop listening in an active and/or ethical way

Failing to attend to the message（barriers to listening effectively）

· Noise · Other factors impeding listening actively(eg. jargon, message overload, receiver apprehension, bias)

Failing to limit distractions(noise) （barriers to listening effectively）

· external distractions · Internal distractions(eg. Inner dialog)