CNA - chapter 21
false
T/F - as people age, the amount of calcium in the bones increases
true
T/F - as people age, the body loses muscle mass
true
T/F - bones are more easily broken as people age
false
T/F - joints become more flexible with age
joints, flexibility
________ are found at the place where two bones come together; they hold bones together and provide movement and ________
ligaments, support
________ are strong, fibrous bands that connect bones or cartilage and help ________ the joints and joint movement
bones, skeleton
________ are the rigid connective tissues that make up the ________, which is the framework of the human body
sling
a bandage or piece of material that is suspended from the neck for the purpose of holding and supporting a forearm
fracture
a broken bone
osteoporosis
a condition in which the bones become brittle and weak, causing them to break easily
osteopenia
a condition in which the bones have reduced density, but not enough to be classified as osteoporosis
bursitis
a condition in which the bursae become inflamed and painful
arthritis
a general term that refers to inflammation of the joints
total knee replacement (TKR)
a surgical replacement of a damaged or painful knee with artificial materials
total hip replacement (THR)
a surgical replacement of the head of the femur (long bone of the leg) and the socket it fits into where it joins the hip with the artificial materials
rheumatoid arthritis
a type of arthritis in which joints become red, swollen, and very painful; movement is restricted and deformities of the hands are common
osteoarthritis
a type of arthritis that usually affects weight bearing joints, especially the hips and knees; also called degenerative joint disease
prosthesis
an artificial device that replaces a body part such an an eye, hip, arm, leg, tooth, or heart valve; sued to help improve function and/or appearance
muscular dystrophe
an inherited, progressive disease that causes a gradual wasting away of muscle, resulting in weakness and deformity
true
as people age, height is gradually lost
flexion
bending a body part
far to near
elastic bandages should be wrapped in a ________ direction
keep cast clean, help with ROM exercises, allow enough time for the person to move, assist with use of cane or crutches, do not get the cast wet
list five guidelines for cast care
follow care plan exactly, assist with dressing, ask resident to use handrails, encourage fluids, apply anti-embolic stocking as ordered, do not perform ROM exercises onside with HR
list six guidelines for care of a resident who is recovering from a total hip replacement
muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments
list the five parts of the musculoskeletal system
long, short, flat, irregular
list the four types of bones
give shape/form to the body, maintain posture, permit movement, protect internal organs, store calcium, produce heat, produce some blood cells
list the seven functions of the musculoskeletal system
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
list the three types of muscles in the body
abduction
moving a body part away from the midline of the body
adduction
moving a body part toward the midline of the body
tissues, contracting, relaxing
muscles are groups of ________ that help the body move by ________ and ________
phantom limb pain
pain in a limb (or extremity) that has been amputated
no weight bearing (NWB)
resident is unable to touch the floor or support their body weight on legs
bones
rigid connective tissues that make up the skeleton, lend support to body structure, allow the body to move, and protect the organs
ligaments
strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and support the joints and joint movement
move, support, protection, heat
the musculoskeletal system allows the body to ________ and ________ itself, provides ________ for the body, and creates ________
structure, shape
the musculoskeletal system gives the body ________ and ________
joints
the points where two bones meet; provide movement and flexibility
cartilage
the protective substance that covers the ends of bones and makes up the discs that are found between vertebrae
full weight bearing (FWB)
the resident can support full weight on both legs
partial weight bearing (PWB)
the resident is able to support some body weight on one or both legs
amputation
the surgical removal of part or all of a body part
bursae
tiny sacs of fluid that are located near the joints and help reduce friction
tendons
tough fibrous bands that connect muscle to bone
phantom sensation
warmth, itching, or tingling from a body part that has been amputated
atropy
weakening or wasting away of muscles
non-sterile bandage
what is another name for an elastic bandage?
to provide compression and support for body parts
what is one reason that elastic bandages are used?
