CNA - chapter 21

false

T/F - as people age, the amount of calcium in the bones increases

true

T/F - as people age, the body loses muscle mass

true

T/F - bones are more easily broken as people age

false

T/F - joints become more flexible with age

joints, flexibility

________ are found at the place where two bones come together; they hold bones together and provide movement and ________

ligaments, support

________ are strong, fibrous bands that connect bones or cartilage and help ________ the joints and joint movement

bones, skeleton

________ are the rigid connective tissues that make up the ________, which is the framework of the human body

sling

a bandage or piece of material that is suspended from the neck for the purpose of holding and supporting a forearm

fracture

a broken bone

osteoporosis

a condition in which the bones become brittle and weak, causing them to break easily

osteopenia

a condition in which the bones have reduced density, but not enough to be classified as osteoporosis

bursitis

a condition in which the bursae become inflamed and painful

arthritis

a general term that refers to inflammation of the joints

total knee replacement (TKR)

a surgical replacement of a damaged or painful knee with artificial materials

total hip replacement (THR)

a surgical replacement of the head of the femur (long bone of the leg) and the socket it fits into where it joins the hip with the artificial materials

rheumatoid arthritis

a type of arthritis in which joints become red, swollen, and very painful; movement is restricted and deformities of the hands are common

osteoarthritis

a type of arthritis that usually affects weight bearing joints, especially the hips and knees; also called degenerative joint disease

prosthesis

an artificial device that replaces a body part such an an eye, hip, arm, leg, tooth, or heart valve; sued to help improve function and/or appearance

muscular dystrophe

an inherited, progressive disease that causes a gradual wasting away of muscle, resulting in weakness and deformity

true

as people age, height is gradually lost

flexion

bending a body part

far to near

elastic bandages should be wrapped in a ________ direction

keep cast clean, help with ROM exercises, allow enough time for the person to move, assist with use of cane or crutches, do not get the cast wet

list five guidelines for cast care

follow care plan exactly, assist with dressing, ask resident to use handrails, encourage fluids, apply anti-embolic stocking as ordered, do not perform ROM exercises onside with HR

list six guidelines for care of a resident who is recovering from a total hip replacement

muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments

list the five parts of the musculoskeletal system

long, short, flat, irregular

list the four types of bones

give shape/form to the body, maintain posture, permit movement, protect internal organs, store calcium, produce heat, produce some blood cells

list the seven functions of the musculoskeletal system

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

list the three types of muscles in the body

abduction

moving a body part away from the midline of the body

adduction

moving a body part toward the midline of the body

tissues, contracting, relaxing

muscles are groups of ________ that help the body move by ________ and ________

phantom limb pain

pain in a limb (or extremity) that has been amputated

no weight bearing (NWB)

resident is unable to touch the floor or support their body weight on legs

bones

rigid connective tissues that make up the skeleton, lend support to body structure, allow the body to move, and protect the organs

ligaments

strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and support the joints and joint movement

move, support, protection, heat

the musculoskeletal system allows the body to ________ and ________ itself, provides ________ for the body, and creates ________

structure, shape

the musculoskeletal system gives the body ________ and ________

joints

the points where two bones meet; provide movement and flexibility

cartilage

the protective substance that covers the ends of bones and makes up the discs that are found between vertebrae

full weight bearing (FWB)

the resident can support full weight on both legs

partial weight bearing (PWB)

the resident is able to support some body weight on one or both legs

amputation

the surgical removal of part or all of a body part

bursae

tiny sacs of fluid that are located near the joints and help reduce friction

tendons

tough fibrous bands that connect muscle to bone

phantom sensation

warmth, itching, or tingling from a body part that has been amputated

atropy

weakening or wasting away of muscles

non-sterile bandage

what is another name for an elastic bandage?

to provide compression and support for body parts

what is one reason that elastic bandages are used?