CNA: Chapter 21, 22, 23

produces hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions.

Adrenal Gland(2)(located on top of kidneys):

a progressive, degenerative and incurable disease that causes proteins to build up in and around nerve cells, which results in memory loss, cognitive impairment and behavioral changes.

Alzheimer's disease

a head injury that occurs from a banging movement of the brain against the skull

Concussion

Symptoms of hypothyroidism:

Fatigue/weakness, weight gain, constipation, intolerance to the cold, dry skin, thinning hair or hair loss, brittle hair/fingernails, slow heart rate, low BP, abnormally low body temp, enlarged thyroid, heavier periods, hoarseness

Care guidelines for diabetic patients

Give frequent skin care, observe skin for breaks, encourage exercise, report complaints of pain, perform foot care, encourage comfortable shoes, follow dirty instruction,

happens when the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormone.

Hypothyroidism

Normal-age-related changes of the endocrine system:

Levels of estrogen/progesterone decrease= onset of menopause, Testosterone levels in males decrease, insulin decreases, less able to handle stress

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Maintain homeostasis through hormone secretion, influence growth/development, regulate levels of vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphate in the body, maintain blood sugar levels, Regulate the body's ability to reproduce, and determine how quickly cells burn food for energy.

Normal age-related changes for the musculoskeletal system

Muscles weaken/lose tone, bone losing calcium= fragile/ easily broken, shrinkage of vertebrae =height is lost, loss of muscle mass= weight lose, joints less flexible= decrease range of motion

How to respond to violent behavior:

Notify the nurse, block/ don't hit back, no restraining, step out of reach/stay calm, don't leave alone

is a disorder characterized by intrusive repetitive thoughts or behaviors that cause anxiety or stress

Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD):

A type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down

Osteoarthritis(DJD)

The parathyroid hormone made by these glands increases the calcium level in the blood.

Parathyroid Glands(4)

warmth, itching, or tingling from a body part that has been amputated.

Phantom sensation

an anxiety disorder defined by a persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation.

Phobia Disorder

it has the ability to control the hormone production of other glands

Pituitary Gland(master gland)

is a disorder caused by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event

Post Traumatic stress disorder(PTSD):

loss of function of the arms, trunks, and legs

Quadriplegia

What is the function of insulin?

Regulates the amount of glucose available to the cells for metabolism

involves encouraging residents to remember and talk about past experiences

Reminiscence Therapy

promotes self-esteem, self-awareness and socialization by having residents gather in small groups.

Remotivation therapy

occurs when the immune system, which normally helps protect the body from infection and disease, attacks its own tissues. The disease causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function in joints

Rheumatoid arthritis

a disorder in which a person has excessive anxiety about social situations.

Social anxiety disorder

What is the nursing assistant's responsibility regarding traction?

The nursing assistant should report to the nurse if the weights move.

Regulates metabolism and growth

Thyroid Gland

Why are fluids encouraged in a patient who has had a total knee replacement?

To prevent complications of immobility, such as UTI/ constipation

Why is foot care important with diabetic patients?

To prevent infections

Care guidelines for patients recovering from CVA(Cerebrovascular accident)(stroke):

Use assistive devices to promote self-care, encourage resting in between self-care, assist with range of motion exercises, reposition often, assist with ambulation, replace food in unaffected or stronger side of mouth

letting residents believe they live in the past or imaginary circumstances.

Validation therapy

muscle wastes away, decreases in size, and weakens

atrophy

Complications of diabetes:

cause hypoglycemia/ diabetic ketoacidosis, decrease blood flow can cause problems with circulation, diabetic retinopathy(damage to blood vessels in retina)=blindness, damage to virtual organs, diabetic peripheral neuropathy(causes nerve damage)

CVA

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

How can prediabetes be delayed or prevented by

changes in lifestyle such as change in diet, exercise

The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle

contracture

displacement of a bone from its joint

dislocation

an inherited, progressive disease that causes weakness in the tissues in the body and leads to reduced mobility.

dystrophy

Conditions that increase the risk of diabetes:

family history of diabetes, in the elderly, people who are obese

FWB

full weight bearing

a doctor's order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight on both legs and has no weight-bearing limitations.

full weight bearing

paralysis of one side of the body, or part of it, due to an injury in the motor area of the brain

hemiplegia

How to respond to hallucinations:

ignore harmless hallucinations, reassure agitated residents, not argue with a resident who is seeing things, be calm and reassure you're there to help.

Restrictions after getting a total hip replacement:

no range of motion on a leg on the side of a hip replacement, can't cross legs in bed or chair, no turning toes inwards or outwards, hip cannot be bent of flexed more than 90 degrees or be turned inwards or outwards, no pivoting/ twisting on operative leg

loss of function of the lower body and legs

paraplegia

assisting residents to be aware of time, place and person

reality orientation

Normal age-related changes for the nervous system:

response/reflexes slow, memory loss/short term memory loss, sensitivity of nerve endings in skin decrease= diminished sense of touch, some hearing loss occurs, senses of vision, smell, and taste weaken

How to communicate with patients who have lost verbal skills:

speak clearing/face resident when talking, be patient, use signals such as nodding head and pointing, ask closed end questions, keep directions simple