Cog Neuro Ch 9

b) dysarthria

A patient with Parkinson's disease is likely to suffer which of these language deficits? a) aphasia b) dysarthria c) apraxia d) anomia

a) Wernicke's aphasia

A patient's symptoms include poor spoken and written comprehension but fluent and reasonably grammatical speech output. What is the most probable diagnosis? a) Wernicke's aphasia b) conduction aphasia c) acquired aphasia d) Broca's aphasia

b) repeating spoken language

A person with conduction aphasia is most likely to have difficulty in... a) speaking fluently b) repeating spoken language c) understanding function words like "if" or "but" d) comprehending spoken language

a) True

Alexia can occur without agraphia. a) True b) False

c) apraxia

An impairment in motor planning or programming of speech is called... a) dysarthria b) aphasia c) apraxia d) anomia

a) damage to the arcuate fasciculus

Conduction aphasia results from... a) damage to the arcuate fasciculus b) damage to both Broca's and Wernicke's areas c) damage to Wernicke's area d) damage to Broca's area

a) True

Crossed aphasia is when a right-handed individual suffers damage in the right hemisphere resulting in language deficits. a) True b) False

c) Difficulty in understanding metaphors or jokes

Damage to the right hemisphere may result in what type of language deficits? (Assume that the left-hemisphere is dominant for language) a) None of these b) Difficulty in producing language c) Difficulty in understanding metaphors or jokes d) Difficulty in producing proper grammar

c) left

In 95% of right-handed individuals, Broca's area is located in which hemisphere? a) right b) both c) left

a) semantic paraphasias

Language errors in which a person substitutes words that are related in meaning for one another are called... a) semantic paraphasias b) lemma confusions c) orthographic intrusions d) syntactic substitutions

d) phonemic paraphasia

Neologisms are a type of... a) anomia b) semantic paraphasia c) apraxia d) phonemic paraphasia

a) a lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex.

Patient "Tan," studied by the neurologist Broca, had great difficulty in generating spontaneous speech and was unable to utter any word other than the nonsense syllable "tan." Postmortem autopsy of Tan's brain revealed a) a lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex. b) abnormal EEG signals from the left frontal operculum. c) cerebral hemorrhage in the right inferior frontal lobes. d) demyelination in a region of the left anterior frontal lobes.

a) agrammatism

People with Broca's aphasia may have subtle deficits in their ability to comprehend language based on its grammatical structure. This symptom is called... a) agrammatism b) aexia c) aphemia d) semantic dementia

d) sounds of language

Phonology refers to the aspects of language that deal with... a) comprehension b) none of these c) grammar d) sounds of language

a) listening to someone talk

Scientists and clinicians can usually determine language lateralization using all of these methods except: a) listening to someone talk b) fMRI c) electrophysiology d) Wada test

a) grammar

Syntax is synonymous to... a) grammar b) meaning c) sounds d) comprehension

a) the left posterior and superior temporal lobe

The German neurologist Wernicke found that injury to which region of the brain resulted in poor language comprehension and nonsensical but relatively fluent speech? a) the left posterior and superior temporal lobe b) the left arcuate fasciculus c) the right inferior frontal lobe d) the right medial temporal lobe

b) phonemes

The smallest units of sound composing a language are called... a) morphemes b) phonemes c) memes d) soundemics

a) telegraphic speech

The speech of people with Broca's aphasia is usually slow and effortful and consists of primarily concrete words, while words that serve grammatical functions are omitted. This type of speech output is called... a) telegraphic speech b) word salad c) spectral speech d) paraphasic speech

a) Broca's area and the concept center

Transcortical motor aphasia results from disruptions between: a) Broca's area and the concept center b) None of these c) Broca's area and Wernicke's area d) Wernicke's area and the concept center

a) Wernicke's area and the concept center

Transcortical sensory aphasia results from disruptions between: a) Wernicke's area and the concept center b) Broca's area and the concept center c) Broca's area and Wernicke's area d) None of these

b) semantics

Wernickes area is most closely associated with what type of language processing? a) phonology b) semantics c) syntactic d) vocabulary

b) arcuate fasciculus

What band of fibers connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas? a) inferior longitudinal fasciculus b) arcuate fasciculus c) none of these d) superior longitudinal fasciculus

d) global

Which aphasia is the worst? a) conduction b) transcortical motor c) transcortical sensory d) global

a) aphasia

________ is a general term for deficits in language comprehension and production that occur as the result of brain injury. a) aphasia b) alexia c) anomia d) agrammatism

b) prosody

________ specifically refers to the variations in the pitch of a speaker's voice that convey emotion and emphasis in speech. a) speech segmentation b) prosody c) phonology d) orthography