Cog Psych 2/7

The misinformation effect does not occur when people are told explicitly that the postevent information may be incorrect

false

Lindsay and coworkers "slime in the first-grade teacher's desk" experiment showed that presenting...

a photograph of the participant's first-grade class increased the likelihood of false memories

Much research has been dedicated to improving the reliability of eyewitness testimony. One finding reveals that when constructing a lineup, ____ similarity between the "fillers" and the suspect does result in missed identification of some guilty suspects but also substantially reduces erroneous identification of many innocent people.

increasing

"S," who had a photographic memory that was described as virtually limitless, was able to achieve many feats of memory. According to the discussion in your text, S's memory system operated _____ efficiently than normal.

less

Critics of eyewitness testimony could point to the ______ hypothesis to highlight the dangers of repeated questioning of eyewitnesses.

memory-trace replacement

In discussing the survival value of the memory system, your text highlights the undesirability of...

photographic memory

Kieran found that studying for his Spanish exam made it more difficult to remember some of the vocabulary words he had just studied for his French exam earlier in the day. This is an example of...

retroactive interference

When presenting lineups to eyewitnesses, it has been found that a ____ lineup is much more likely to result in an innocent person being falsely identified.

simultaneous

The "wedding reception" false memory experiment shows that false memories can be explained as a product of familiarity and...

source misattribution

Research on eyewitness testimony has shown that the more confident the person giving the testimony is of their memories,

the more convincing the testimony is to a jury

Stany and Johnson's 'weapons focus' experiment, investigating memory for crime scenes, found that...

the presence of a weapon hinders memory for other parts of the event.

Which of the following is true of police lineups?

A sequential lineup increases the chances that the witness compares each person in the lineup to his or her memory of the event

Loftus and Palmer's "car-crash slides" experiment described in the text shows how a seemingly minor word change can produce a change in a person's memory report. In this study, the MPI was (were) the word(s)...

"smashed"

Which statement below is NOT true, based on the results of memory research?

Although eyewitness testimony is often faulty, people who have just viewed a videotape of a crime are quite accurate in picking the "perpetrator" from a lineup

The memory-trace replacement hypothesis states that the misinformation effect occurs because...

MPI impairs or replaces memories formed during the original experiencing of an event.

Which of the following is true of the cognitive interview technique?

Police allow witnesses to talk with a minimum of interruption from the officer

The misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented...

after the event

The misinformation effect can be explained by...

all of these (the memory-trace replacement hypothesis, retroactive interference, source monitoring.)

Your text's discussion of false memories leads to the conclusion that false memories...

are a natural consequence of a largely adaptive memory system

In Lindsay's "misinformation effect" experiment, participants saw a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer. This slide presentation included narration by a female speaker who described what was happening in the slides as they were shown. Results showed that the misinformation effect was greatest when MPI presentation was...

auditory from a female speaker

Lindsay's misinformation effect experiment, in which participants were given a memory test about a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer, showed that participants are influenced by MPI...

even if they are told to ignore the postevent information

Your text's discussion of eyewitness testimony illustrates that this type of memory is frequently influenced by all of the following EXCEPT...

failing to elaboratively rehearse these kinds of events due to fear

The conclusion to be drawn from the man named Shereshevskii whose abnormal brain functioning gave him virtually limitless word-for-word memory is that having memory like a video recorder...

none of the above

___ occurs when more recent learning impairs memory for something that happened further back in the past.

retroactive interference

Research on eyewitness testimony reveals that...

when viewing a lineup, an eyewitness's confidence in her choice of the suspect can be increased by an authority's confirmation of her choice, even when the choice is wrong