cognitive processes final exam WORKSHEET

Which of the following describes the relationship between Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia?

Broca's aphasia is a disorder of language production, whereas Wernicke's aphasia is a disorder of language comprehension

Which term best describes the process of brainstorming?

Divergent

In what way is animal communication different from human language?

Humans seem predisposed to develop generative language, whereas animals are not.

Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?

Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection

Insight refers to

a sudden realization of a problem's solution

Mia has lived in New York City all her life. She has noticed that people from upper Manhattan walk really fast, but people from lower Manhattan tend to walk slowly. Mia's observations are likely influenced from a judgment error based on her using

an illusory correlation

Boxing champion George Foreman recently described his family vacations with the statement, "At our ranch in Marshall, Texas, there are lots of ponds and I take the kids out and we fish. And then of course, we grill them." That a reader understands "them" appropriately (George grills fish, not his kids!) is the result of a(n) ____________________ inference.

anaphoric

Intermediate states can be created by

creating subgoals

Behavioral economics research has shown that people tend to be "risk averse" when making decisions about potential gains. Which of the following decisions is consistent with risk aversion?

deciding to reinvest stock market earnings in more stock -Risk-aversion strategy used when problem is stated in terms of gains

Problem solving involves multiple steps. Of the following steps, which much occur first for the problem to be solved most efficiently?

defining the problem

One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract) version of the Wason four-card problem is that they

ignore the falsification principle

Bonnie has ordered her monthly supply of medicines through the mail for the past five years. Except for one order, all orders have arrived within two business days. Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. Bonnie is using

inductive reasoning

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)

novel object

According to the situation model of text processing

people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of people, objects, locations, and events.

Syntax is the

rules for combining words into sentences

The idea that the rules governing the grouping of words in a sentence is the primary determinant of the way a sentence is parsed is part of the ____________________ approach to parsing

syntax-first

In an experiment that combined both physiological and behavioral approaches to the study of decision making, prefrontal cortex activity was recorded while participants accepted or rejected proposals to split a sum of money ($10). Prefrontal cortex activation was

the same for accepted and rejected offers

Economic Utility Theory

People are rational If they have all relevant information, they will make a decision that results in the maximum expected utility

Decision making research has investigated the accuracy of economic utility theory. Which conclusion is supported by this research?

People are very good at using logic to make rational decisions.