Coincidence,Correlation and Causeation
Causal
Causation implies that X stands before Y and that changes in X cause changes in Y and not the other way around.
Statement that is Coincidental
Children with divorced parents have emotional problems. Maybe children with non-divorced parents have emotional problems as well.
Correlation
Correlation is a particular kind of association. Changes in X go along with changes in Y. Association is linear (can be positive or negative)
Statement of Correlation
Taller people have larger shoe sizes and shorter people have smaller shoe sizes.
Statement of Causal
That ice cream sales causes hot weather
Coincidence
Two things X and Y happen/are present at the same time.