College Biology Exam Review - Chapter 9

Magnesium

A chlorophyll molecule has a porphyrin ring containing a single atom of:

chlorophyll b

A green accessory pigment

antenna complex

A group of 250 chlorophyll molecules, enzymes, and other proteins

Granum

A group of thylakoid discs make up what part of a chloroplast?

hydrogen ions leave

ATP is formed when ____ the thylakoid lumen.

chemiosmosis

ATP synthesis during the light dependent reactions only occurs by which process?

Red and blue wavelengths

According to the graph in the accompanying figure, chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Lower energy, higher energy

An electron absorbs a photon of light energy and becomes energized; the electron shifts from a ____ atomic orbital to a ____atomic orbital.

malate, vacuoles

At night, CAM plants incorporate CO2 into ____ , which is stored in the ____ of their cells.

CO2, H2O

During the reactions of photosynthesis, ____is reduced and ____ is oxidized.

Light dependent phase

During which phase of photosynthesis is ATP and NADPH synthesized?

proteins

Each antenna complex absorbs light energy and transfers it to its reaction center, which consists of chlorophyll molecules and ____.

Action spectrum of photosynthesis matched the maximum production of oxygen by Spirogyra

Engelmann concluded that the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts is responsible for photosynthesis based on which of the following results?

RuBP

Functions as a CO2 acceptor molecule

Long hydrocarbon side chain

How are chlorophyll molecules attached to thylakoid membranes?

13

How many carbon fixation reactions make up the Calvin cycle?

two

How many electrons are needed to reduce one molecule of NADP+ to NADPH?

mesophyll cells

IN C4 plants, reactions that fix CO2 in four-carbon compounds occur in what type of cells?

stomata

In C3 plants, the ____ are typically closed at night and open during the daytime to allow for gas exchange.

Thylakoid membranes

In what part of a chloroplast are chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments associated?

stroma

In which part of the chloroplast do the carbon fixation reactions take place?

ATP

Phosphorylates PGA

P700

Reaction center for photosystem I

P680

Reaction center of photosystem II

G3P

Ribulose phosphate is synthesized from which molecule?

Chlorophylls a and b

The action spectrum of photosynthesis best matches the absorption spectrum of:

Photon

The energy of a ____ is inversely proportional to its wavelength.

Absorption spectra for chlorophyll a and b

The graph in the accompanying figure represents the:

phosphorylation of ADP

The synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis or respiration occurs as a result of what process?

ATP

Thylakoid membranes are involved in ____ synthesis.

G3P

Two of these molecules leave the Calvin cycle and react, forming glucose or fructose

Pigments

What are substances that absorb visible light called?

CO2, ATP, and NADPH

What are the reactants of the Calvin cycle?

H2O, ADP. and NADP+

What are the reactants of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Light dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions

What are the two phases of photosynthesis?

Green

What color does chlorophyll reflect?

Gas exchange

What function does the stoma have in leaves?

CO2 attaches to RuBP

What is the first step in the Calvin cycle?

Stroma

What is the fluid-filled sac within the inner membrane of a chloroplast called?

Photosynthesis

What is the process by which light energy is converted into the stored chemical energy of organic molecules?

water

What is the ultimate source of electrons for noncyclic electron transport, and thus photosynthesis?

Redox reaction

What type of reaction occurs during photosynthesis when hydrogen atoms are transferred from water to carbon dioxide to form a carbohydrate?

Fluorescence

When an electron returns to its ground state, energy will be released as heat or an emission of light of a longer wavelength known as?

mesophyll cells

Where are chloroplasts found in the greatest density?

thylakoid membrane

Where is the electron transport chain of photosynthesis located?

6CO2+12H2O=C6H12O6+6H2O

Which best summarizes the overall reactions of photosynthesis?

ATP and NADH

Which is the energy source that drives the Calvin cycle?

Carotenoids and chlorophyll b

Which of the following are accessory photosynthetic pigment that expand the spectrum of light to provide energy for photosynthesis?

orchid

Which of the following would be classified as a CAM plant?

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Which organism would be classified as a chemoautotroph?

Porphyrin ring

Which part of the chlorophyll molecule is responsible for absorbing light?

photosystem I

Which photosynthetic unit consists of a pair of chlorophyll a molecules with an absorption peak of 700 nm?

photolysis

Which process not only yields electrons during photosystem I and II, but also is the source of almost all the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?

Gamma waves

Which type of electromagnetic waves have the shortest wavelength?

These wavelengths are absorbed by chlorophyll more than any other wavelength

Why does red and blue light support the highest rates of photosynthesis?

carotenoids

Yellow and orange accessory pigments

rubisco

Catalyzes the "fixation" of carbon dioxide