Columbia final DAYS!
Between activating events and consequences, Ellis proposed that __________ could increase the level of stress experienced.
Beliefs
The disorder characterized by extreme mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression is know by psychologists today as
Bipolar disorder
A cosmetic company is interested in selling their product by targeting women's concerns over their appearance, particularly in regard to aging. A technique that is likely to work would be a(n) __________ advertising campaign.
Fear appeal
Showing too little emotional response when reporting frightening events is called
Flat affect
The tendency to assume that others act mainly on the basis of their dispositions (e.g., personality traits) is the
Fundamental attribution error
A salesperson for vitamins gives out a medical journal article that discusses the research on a particular vitamin's benefits. The salesperson is using the __________ route to persuade customers to buy his product.
Central
A cancer patient has decided to face his/her disease with courage and make whatever adjustments are necessary to enjoy his/her remaining time. According to Kobasa, this patient demonstrates the ___________ characteristic of psychological hardiness.
Challenge
You meet with your therapist for the first time, and she tells you that she believes that we have a natural tendency toward "health" and "growth" and that we are "free to make choices and control our destinies." She also tells you that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. What kind of therapy is she likely to practice?
Client Centered
Your therapist has you focus on your tendency to magnify problems and engage in catastrophic thinking. You are seeing a __________ therapist.
Cognitive
Systematic desensitization procedures assume that fear is a(n) __________ response.
Conditioned or learned
Being pulled in two directions at the same time is called
Conflict
According to Ellis, the result of a situation that causes stress is called a(n)
Consequence
When health warnings regarding cigarette smoking include pictures of aged, wrinkled skin, yellow-brown teeth and definite risks to appearance in addition to lung cancer, students are more likely to
Decreases their smoking habit
Chantel's friends all prefer long hair and low-rise jeans. They have encouraged her to adopt the same look. Chantel now prefers this mode of dress and criticizes others who dress differently. Chantel's attitude was acquired through
Direct experience and reinforcement
A landlord has an apartment to rent. Even though it is vacant, when two college students come to inquire the landlord informs them that the apartment has already been rented. This is because of his belief that college students throw wild parties and destroy property. The landlord's behavior of refusal is an example of __________.
Discrimination
n important neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenic symptoms is
Dopamine
The amount of stress resulting from daily hassles and life changes depends upon the individual's 1. cognitive appraisal of the situation. 2. personality type. 3. both a & b 4. none of these
3. both a & b
According to Peggy Blake and her colleagues (1984), which of the following did college students rate as stressful: graduation from college, academic failure, going on vacation or all of the above?
4. All of the above
Hormonal factors, a cognitive vulnerability and ________ have all been cited as possible contributing factors to depression in women. 1. the "double shift" demands of workforce and homemaking 2. poverty 3. sexism 4. all of these
4. all of these
Kryzanta often finds that what she feels and believes does not correspond with what she does. This is typical for most people and is what social psychologists refer to as the
A-B Problem
Behavior patterns that heighten the risk for cancer include all, but one, of the following. Which one is the EXCEPTION: smoking, eating high fiber foods, sunbathing, and drinking alcohol
Eating high fiber foods
Joan's therapist acknowledges her pain regarding the loss of her home and explains how he might feel the same way if confronted with a similar situation. Joan's therapist is demonstrating
Empathy
Persuasive communicators usually have a good deal of
Expertise, attractiveness and trustworthiness.
Who tends to see their fate as out of their control?
Externals
Linda was not voted "Most Popular" in her graduating class. According to her thinking, if she is not most popular, then she must be unpopular. According to Beck, this type of cognitive error is called
Absolute thinking
Body language is the tendency to infer peoples thoughts and feelings from their
postures and gestures.
The DSM-IV-TR can be used to determine
psychological disorders based on presenting behavior patterns
Sarah is a Japanese American. If she eats a diet typical of other Americans, she can expect
the same death rate as other Americans despite genes
In the biopsychosocial perspective of schizophrenia, ___________ interact with other factors, such as complications during pregnancy and birth, stress, quality of parenting and social conditions to give rise to the disorder.
Genetic Factors
Stress researcher _________ described how the body responds to stress in his concept of the general adaptation syndrome.
Hans Selye
Lazarus found that daily hassles include all of the following
Health issues, financial responsibility hassles and work hassles
When the teacher and student were in separate rooms in Milgram's experiment, the victim was depersonalized and this
Increased the level of obedience
Social psychology involves the study of all of the following, except one. Which one is the exception? Beliefs, conformity, groups or intelligence.
Intelligence
Although biological factors are very important in explaining and treating mood disorders, these factors appear to __________ learning and cognitive attributions, which also play a role in the duration and strength of symptoms.
Interact with
A therapist's relationship to a client is impacted by the
Interaction of the therapist's theoretical approach and the client's perspective
Which statement most accurately depicts the role of "predictability" as discovered in research on
It decreases the impact of stress
An attitude is said to be accessible when
It is easily brought to mind
People with higher levels of self-efficacy are more likely to
Lose weight or quit smoking
Schizophrenic symptoms include core problems with
Memory, attention, thinking, and communication
John's parents never cared for Southerners. They thought Southerners were slow and lazy. John often heard them make jokes about the south. John is being transferred to Alabama and he knows he won't like it because of the people there. He acquired this attitude through __________ learning.
Observational
Which newscast is an individual most likely to watch on a regular basis?
One who agrees with their views
Rita is concerned about her job security and her ability to make her mortgage payments. These concerns can lead to
Physical illness
An advertiser wants to increase the likelihood of persuasion in their commercials. Based on research, they could
Play music that puts you in a good mood and saturate airtime with their commercial.
In Salem in 1692, people assumed that psychological disorders resulted from
Possession by the devil
An attitude toward a group that leads people to evaluate members of that group negatively is known as
Prejudice
The function of early asylums was to
Provide a place to store the mentally ill
__________ therapies are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud.
Psychoanalytic
Ben's therapist believes that Ben has ignored his desire to go to college because his family always wanted him to join them in their restaurant business. This has held him back from achieving his full potential. Ben's therapist uses the ________ approach to therapy.
Rational emotive
The ability to predict a stressor helps to
Reduce stress
The manner in which learning helps to shape attitudes is through
Reinforcement and observation
Research has shown that mere __________ to any stimulus increases the likelihood that people will like it and react favorably to it.
Repeated exposure
Mike is shopping for a new car and he has found one that he thinks is perfect. He has read some good reviews about the car's performance. However, he has found a few negative reviews about the car, which he has decided to ignore. Diverting one's attention from information inconsistent with one's attitudes is called
Selective-avoidance
When you see a classmate in class or at a study session, they are always very friendly towards you. However, when you run into them at an upscale party, they act as if they do not know you. Since you know they are a friendly person, you are most likely to attribute your classmate's behavior to
Situational attribution
Social norms are the explicit and implicit expectations concerning
Social behavior
The subfield of psychology that studies attitudes, social perceptions, interpersonal attraction, social influence and group behavior is known as
Social psychology
Which of the following is not a characteristic of psychological disorders: a faulty perception or interpretation of reality, personal distress , socially appropriate behavior, self-defeating behavior.
Socially appropriate behavior
A person who feels very strongly about the sanctity of human life is likely to support pro-life legislation, whereas someone who merely agrees that people have a right to live is less likely to be concerned over the legislation. This demonstrates the effect that the __________ of attitudes has on behavior.
Strength
A demand made on an organism to adapt is called
Stress
In the present day United States, most people with psychological disorders live in
The community
Originally, Dr. Antonio Moniz would have agreed with the following statements regarding prefrontal lobotomies?
The technique is useful for controlling patient's aggressive, destructive behavior
Mood disorders have a biological basis because?
There are high concordance rates for bipolar disorder in identical twins.
Women are about _______ as likely to be diagnosed with depression as men.
Twice
Among individuals with similar IQ levels, which of the following tends to make more money and have higher grades?
Type A
Individuals who are highly driven, competitive, impatient, and aggressive are referred to as
Type A
Betsy paces herself in her work, tends to be less impatient, and also tends to be less ambitious. She fits a __________ pattern.
Type B
Your friend Suki's grandmother has always told her that happier people experience less stress. Since she knows that you are taking a psychology course, she asks you whether or not psychologists would agree with her grandmother. Which of the following would you be most likely to tell her?
Yes, Grandma was correct, research has shown that humor can moderate the effects of stress
Psychotherapy is used to affect the client's what?
Actions, emotions and thoughts
According to Ellis, a situation, such as failing a test, which results in stress is called a(n)
Activating event
Mark sees an attacker approaching him with a knife. During his reaction, he experiences increased energy and a faster heart rate. This is caused most directly by
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
Gene knows he will be having surgery to remove a tumor in his neck. He has done research to learn about the procedure. This knowledge will help him most if he has
An internal locus of control
Mark is trying to make a choice between asking Helen or Lorelei to a party this weekend. He's having a tough time deciding because both are equally appealing options. This is indicative of a(n) __________ conflict.
Approach-approach
When you get up in the morning and think about your job that you dislike, you would really prefer to stay in bed so you call in sick. This shows how __________ can affect behavior.
Attitude
Behavioral and cognitive tendencies that are learned and expressed by evaluating particular people, places or things with favor or disfavor are known as
Attitudes
Pairing drug-induced nausea/vomiting or electric shock with unwanted behaviors or impulses is called
Aversion conditioning
Kathy hurt her back. She is afraid to go to the doctor because she is worried it is serious, but she is also concerned that it will only worsen without treatment. This is
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
