COM 101

What is the word "There"

"There" is not a pronoun. "There" is an adverb of place. It answers the question, "Where?"

Adjective

(a modifier) An adjective is any member of a class of words that modify nouns and pronouns, primarily by describing a particular quality of the word they are modifying, as wise in a wise grandmother, or perfect in a perfect score, or handsome in He is extremely handsome. Also numbers (one cup; twelve months), certain demonstrative pronouns (this magazine; those questions), and terms that impose limits (each person; no mercy)

Common Noun

A common noun is a noun denoting a class of objects/things or a concept as opposed to a particular individual. Common nouns denoting classes of objects or things that can be experienced with the five senses are called concrete nouns. Parents, house, year Alan's parents bought a new house last year. Horse, farm I rode a horse at my uncle's farm.

Personal Pronouns

A personal pronoun is a pronoun that is associated primarily with a particular person, in the grammatical sense.

Proper Noun

A proper noun is the name of a specific individual or entity and is capitalized.

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns (take the same forms)

A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that ends in self or selves, and is an object that refers to a previously named noun or pronoun. An intensive pronoun is different from a reflexive, because the pronoun can be removed without altering the meaning of the sentence.

Relative Pronouns

A relative pronoun is used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun.

Subject compliment

Adjectives-predicate adjectives Nouns- predicate nominatives

Adverb

An adverb is a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g., gently, quite, then, there). They always answer "adverb questions" (when, where, how, why, how often).

Interrogative Pronouns

An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun used in order to ask a question. These take the same forms as some of the relative pronouns.

The Will test for verbs

Because all future tenses of English verbs are formed the same way, if the word "will" can be placed in front of a word, that word is a verb. will walk will play will be will grab will ask will investigate

Closed Words

Closed category is so called because it does not easily accept new words. Its members are fixed and do not usually change.

Collective Nouns

Collective nouns name groups composed of members. can be either singular or plural, depending on context. ex. bevy of beauties bouquet of flowers brood of hens bundle of nerves bunch of grapes also team is a collective noun.

Open Words

Contains nouns, verbs, adverbs, and descriptive adjectives--exactly those parts of speech that remain open to new additions.

Demonstratives

Demonstratives are words used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others. They are typically deictic, their meaning depending on a particular frame of reference.

Quantifiers

In English grammar, a Quantifier is a word (or phrase) which indicates the number or amount being referred to. It generally comes before the noun (or noun phrase).

Articles

In English, articles take two forms: Indefinite Articles: a, an Definite Articles: the Three types of nouns don't (always) require articles: Proper Names: John crossed the road. Plural Nouns (in some cases): (The) Dogs are my favorite pets. Mass or Noncount Nouns (in some cases): Give me information.

Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns are words which replace nouns without specifying which noun they replace.

Phrasal Verbs

It's an idiomatic phrase consisting of a verb and another element, typically either an adverb, as in break down, or a preposition, for example see to, or a combination of both, such as look down on. In phrasal verbs, the preposition or adverb belongs with the verb and not with the words that follow.

Noncount Nouns

Noncount nouns denote things that cannot be counted. Noncount nouns are not preceded by the articles a or an. ex. We bought furniture last weekend.

Number Words

Number words can be cardinal numbers: One Two Three Or they can be ordinal numbers: First Second Third Last

The 'the' test for common nouns

Only common nouns are commonly and routinely modified by adjectives. Therefore, if "the" can be put immediately in front of a word and the result makes sense, then that word is a (common) noun.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns are pronouns that demonstrate ownership.

Pronoun

Pronouns point to nouns. Because they don't name, pronouns (except interrogative pronouns) require nouns, which do name, as antecedents. Possessive nouns (which function as adjectives) should not be used as antecedents. Pronouns and their antecedent nouns should agree in gender and number.

Antecedent

Should always precede pronouns (as their name suggests)

Possessive Determiners

Take the forms of Weak Possessive Pronouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their Include possessive forms of nouns: the cat's bowl, Uncle Bill's toupee

The main verb

The main verb of a sentence is the verb in the main (indecent) clause of the sentence that shoes the action or state of being of the sentences subject. it can stand alone or be accompanied by helping (auxiliary) verbs. Compound sentences have more than one main verb.

Verbification

The process of turning nouns into verbs ex. mail and e-mail, strike, talk, salt, pepper, switch, bed, sleep, ship, train, stop, drink, cup, lure, mutter, dress, dizzy, divorce, fool, merge,

The indefinite pronoun "it"

Used to refer to a thing previously mentioned or easily identified:a room with two beds in it referring to an animal or child of unspecified sex: She was holding the baby, cuddling it. referring to a fact or situation previously mentioned, known, or happening: Stop it, you're hurting me! To identify a person: It's a boy! Used in the normal subject position in statements about time, distance, or weather It's four o'clock. It was two miles away. It's sunny. Used in the normal subject or object position when a more specific subject or object is given later in the sentence: It is impossible to assess the problem. She found it interesting to learn about their strategy. Used with a clause to emphasize the following part of a sentence It is the child who is the victim. The situation or circumstances; things in general No one can stay here—it's too dangerous now. He would like to see you right away if it's convenient. Exactly what is needed or desired They thought they were it. You've either got it or you haven't.

Closed Verbs

We call these auxiliary verbs or helping verbs, Primary auxiliaries: be, have, do Modal auxiliaries: can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, would These work with (are dependent upon) lexical verbs.

Open Verbs

We call these lexical verbs or main verbs. They can stand alone in a sentence.

determiners

a noun modifier which introduces and provides context to a noun, often in terms of quantity and possession. Determiners include: Articles the sleeping dog a yellow banana Demonstratives this old house those worn-out chairs Number words the sixth sense forty-seven ginger-headed sailors Possessives used as Justin's bike her book bag adjectives Quantifiers some campers several sandwiches

Verb

a word that represents an action or a state of being. Go, strike, travel, and exist are examples of verbs.

Noun + ly = ?

an Adjective

Adjective + ly = ?

an Adverb

Descriptive Adjective

an adjective that ascribes to its noun the value of an attribute of that noun (e.g., `a nervous person' or `a musical speaking voice'). Most descriptive adjectives have comparative and superlative forms. Comparative more eloquent happier Superlative most eloquent happiest

Phrasal Verb

an idiomatic expression consisting of first a verb and then either one or two other words usually the last of those words is a preposition or an adverb. "Push down" "Come up"

Count Nouns

have both singular and plural forms. Count nouns denote things that can be counted. Count nouns can be preceded by the articles a or an and made plural by the addition of an s. A sofa like that could barely fit through a front door of a house. The sofas barely fit through the front doors of the houses.