Com 101 Final

False

Forensic speaking is commonly used in legislative assembly and is concerned with the question, "What shall we do?" Answers: True False

a. Defining

Hillary's informative speech focused on clarifying the audience's understanding of feminism. What informative strategy did she need to rely upon most? Answers: a. Defining b. Describing c. Demonstrating d. Reporting e. Agenda setting

c. summarize the main points

In an introduction, it is NOT necessary to __________. Answers: a. influence the audience to view the speaker and the topic favorably b. preview the development of the topic c. summarize the main points d. clarify the purpose or thesis of the speech e. gain the audience's attention

a. Parallel wording

In his Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln used the phrase, "government of the people, by the people, and for the people," he was employing which stylistic device? Answers: a. Parallel wording b. Antithesis c. Inverted word order d. Metaphor e. Alliteration

c. Belittling the source

Phillip gave a persuasive speech about why people should not smoke. His classmate, Morris, refused to accept Phillip's arguments, even though they were well supported, because he thought Phillip was just another "do-good liberal" who wanted to curtail people's freedom. Which act of selective perception did Morris exhibit? Answers: a. Compartmentalization b. The boomerang effect c. Belittling the source d. Denial e. Dismissal

True

Resonance is the speaker's ability to express the audience's unexpressed feelings. Answers: True False

a. boomerang effect and polysemy

Selective influence can be prompted by which two conditions? Answers: a. boomerang effect and polysemy b. ethos and pathos c. compartmentalization and belittling d. resonance and decorum e. consciousness raising and refutation

True

Speakers exhibit decorum when they fit their speech to the expectations of the listeners in a particular occasion. Answers: True False

b. What happened?

Speeches employing the informative strategy of reporting answer which question? Answers: a. Who cares? b. What happened? c. What should we do? d. What's up? e. Why should I listen?

Correct True

Speeches which use defining strategies are partly persuasive because defining terms always influences listeners about things in a certain way. Answers: True False

False

Style and content are two separate elements of a speech. Answers: True False

d. Ceremonial

Sue and her teammates decided to honor their coach at a banquet with a plaque thanking hem for all of his hard work. What type of speech will Sue be giving when she presents this award? Answers: a. Informative b. Persuasive c. Extemporaneous d. Ceremonial e. Deliberative

c. demonstrating

Talia presented a speech about how to give a pedicure, covering several steps in a specific order. Her informative strategy was _______. Answers: a. reporting b. illustrating c. demonstrating d. comparing e. describing

True

The average person uses deliberative speaking far more often in group discussions than in formal reports and presentations. Answers: True False

e. the rate at which information is forgotten over time

"Forgetting curve" refers so ________________. Answers: a. the relationship between memory, primacy, and recency b. the relationship between what listeners understand and what they remember c. how easy it is for speakers to forget parts of their memorized speeches d. how listeners' opinion change from positive to negative e. the rate at which information is forgotten over time

True

"Polysemy" is an obstacle to persuasion related to the fact that different listeners interpret the same message in different ways. Answers: True False

c. refer to themselves and to the audience

"Reflexivity" refers to the tendency of speakers to ________ more than writers. Answers: a. repeat themselves b. define their terms c. refer to themselves and to the audience d. use less complex sentence structures e. analyze their ideas

False

"Strengthening commitment" is not really a persuasive goal because it addresses issues that the audience already agrees with. Answers: True False

b. internal summary, link, internal preview

A complete transition should follow what order? Answers: a. internal preview, internal summary, link b. internal summary, link, internal preview c. link, internal summary, internal preview d. internal preview, link, internal summary

c. verify independently

A factual statement is one that your audience can ______. Answers: a. repeat to others b. judge subjectively c. verify independently d. accept uncritically e. ignore with prejudice

b. weakening commitment

A hostile audience is best persuaded through use of which persuasive strategy? Answers: a. inducing specific action b. weakening commitment c. conversion d. strengthening commitment e. coercive action

b. rhetorical

A situation in which people's understanding can be changed through messages is a(n) Answers: a. critical b. rhetorical c. strategic d. occasional e. purposive

b. arrangement state of putting ideas together

A speaker relies on an outline during the ____________. Answers: a. development of the speech language b. arrangement state of putting ideas together c. time spent brainstorming for the speech topic d. the research stage of finding supporting material e. invention stage of gathering material

a. speech of tribute

A toast is a miniature version of a(n) ______________. Answers: a. speech of tribute b. introduction c. acceptance speech d. speech of greeting e. eulogy

False

A well-written essay generally makes a good manuscript for a speech. Answers: True False

b. Forensic

Alan Shore delivered the closing arguments in a highly controversial murder trial. What type of speech was he giving? Answers: a. Deliberative b. Forensic c. Epideictic d. Ceremonial e. Defensive

b. constraints

All speaking occasions create _________. Answers: a. formality b. constraints c. success d. identification e. decorum

b. establish identification with the audience

An effective conclusion should NOT ___________. Answers: a. be memorable b. establish identification with the audience c. make a final appeal d. signal the end e. remind the audience of the key points

b. transitions

Because the speaker must provide connections to help the audience bridge the gap between the elements of the speech, it is important to include _________ in the speech. Answers: a. rhetorical questions b. transitions c. a summary d. personal credibility e. Analogies

d. inducing a specific action

Bil wants his classmates who complain about a lack of activities to join student government and the student activity board. His persuasive goal is ___________. Answers: a. conversion b. strengthening commitment c. weakening commitment d. inducing a specific action e. reversal of belief

a. they contradict beliefs commonly held by the listeners

Citing statistics in the introduction works best when _______. Answers: a. they contradict beliefs commonly held by the listeners b. they are rounded off c. they are drawn from a national survey d. they are accompanied by visual aids e. they confirm beliefs commonly held by the listeners

e. clarity

Concrete words, maxims, and the active voice help to increase the ________ of your message. Answers: a. vividness b. orality c. irony d. rhythm e. clarity

b. 1 and 3 are subordinate to 2

Consider the following points: 1. Student government sponsors entertainment programs. 2. Student government affects many areas of campus life. 3. Student government finances campus improvements. What statement about "subordination" is true? Answers: a. 3 is subordinate to 1 and 2. b. 1 and 3 are subordinate to 2. c. 2 and 3 are subordinate to 1. d. 1 is subordinate to 2 and 3. e. 1 and 2 are subordinate to 3.

e. all the above

Critical thinking involves Answers: a. analyzing various points of view. b. distinguishing facts from opinions. c. forming and defending judgments. d. recognizing unstated assumptions. e. all of the above

True

Deliberative speaking uses strategies of both informing and persuading. Answers: True False

e. Providing new information

Dr. Chadri spoke to a group of senior citizens about the many alternative treatments available for the most common medical complaints among those over the age of 55. Her speech served what purpose? Answers: a. Inducing a specific action b. Creating a negative feeling c. Agenda setting d. Creating a positive feeling e. Providing new information

d. conversion

Eleanor wanted to persuade a group of animal rights activists to support animal testing for a variety of medical uses. Which of the following persuasive goals was she pursuing? Answers: a. refutation b. strengthening commitment c. compartmentalization d. conversion e. consciousness raising

False

Even though the requirements for informing and persuading are similar, the constraints faced by the speaker are far greater for informing than for persuading. Answers: True False

e. Using a rhetorical question

Faith opened her speech by asking her classmates, "Would it surprise you to learn that you probably expose yourself to the leading killer of college-aged Americans at least three time a week?" What type of introduction was Faith using? Answers: a. Telling a story b. Identifying with the audience c. Quoting someone d. Citing a statistic e. Using a rhetorical question

b. invoking common values

In his famous Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln urged his listeners to rededicate themselves to the cause of freedom so that the soldiers buried there would not have died in vain. This appeal reflects the strategy of _________. Answers: a. creating a cliche' b. invoking common values c. reinterpreting a common past d. reinterpreting events e. emphasizing people

True

Inaugural addresses generally seek to both unify a group and set an agenda for the future. Answers: True False

True

Informative speaking can create positive feeling among the audience members because knowledge and information are power, so being informed makes listeners feel powerful. Answers: True False

a. change their understanding of a subject

Informative strategies ask listeners to ___________. Answers: a. change their understanding of a subject b. tell others what they have learned about a subject c. be quiet, sit still, and listen d. believe what the speaker believes about a topic e. take some action on an issue

False

Informing and persuading are distinctively separate goals and activities. Answers: True False

e. the beginning

It is best to deliver handouts at __________ of the speech. Answers: a. the middle b. either the beginning or the end c. either the beginning or the middle d. the end e. the beginning

True

It is more important for a speaker to make his or her arrangement structure explicit than it is for a writer to do so. Answers: True False

d. line graph

James used a ___________ to show the changes in unemployment rates over the past ten years. Answers: a. pie graph b. chart c. textual graphics d. line graph e. bar graph

a. Strengthening commitment

Juan knows that his PTA organization is concerned with weapons and violence in local schools. He hopes to persuade them to support stricter rules and increased security at the schools to combat these problems. What is Juan's persuasive purpose? Answers: a. Strengthening commitment b. Refuting a position c. Inducing a specific action d. Weakening commitment e. Conversion

d. reversing an audience's beliefs or actions

Many people misunderstand the term "persuasion," believing that it only involves ___________. Answers: a. leading the audience away from "short cuts" and toward elaboration b. motivating listeners to pursue a higher level of needs c. moving the audience from attitude to action d. reversing an audience's beliefs or actions e. inducing a specific action

a. repetitive

Miriam used parallel wording to introduce each of her main points because she know that an effective oral style should be _____________. Answers: a. repetitive b. simple c. uncluttered d. reflexive e. informal

c. Pie graph

Mona is preparing a speech about how taxes are spent. She wants to show the proportion of each tax dollar that is spent on various types of government services. What type of visual aid best serves her purpose? Answers: a. Statistical chart b. Flowchart c. Pie graph d. Textual graphics e. Bar graph

False

Most speakers typically choose language carefully and consciously, exercising considerable control over perceptions of style. Answers: True False

a. conversational

Most student classroom speeches should employ the _____ style. Answers: a. conversational b. performative c. impromptu d. memorized e. novice

e. Drawing the audience together in support of common values

Nominating speeches combine deliberative and ceremonial goals. Which of the following features reflects the CEREMONIAL element of the nominating speech? Answers: a. Showing the fitness of the candidate for office b. Formally placing the candidate's name into nomination c. Guiding and persuading the audience to accept a particular leader d. Making the importance of the office clear to the audience e. Drawing the audience together in support of common values

c. they can distract the audience from the message

One major drawback to using visual aids in a speech is __________. Answers: a. they are difficult to carry to class b. they oversimplify complex information c. they can distract the audience from the message d. the distract the speaker who has to handle them e. most speakers lake the artistic talent to make them look nice

e. selective listening

One way listeners resist persuasion is to attend to and remember only the parts of a message that they already agree with and to interpret ambiguous messages in a way that supports what they already believe. When listeners engage in this process, they are resisting persuasion by ____________. Answers: a. ignoring the question b. selective perception c. belittling the source d. selective acceptance e. selective listening

c. listeners are overwhelmed by a compelling argument and feel inadequate to bring about change

The boomerang effect occurs when __________. Answers: a. speakers use circular arguments which are not well supported by the evidence b. speakers use evidence which contradicts their own arguments c. listeners are overwhelmed by a compelling argument and feel inadequate to bring about change d. listeners give positive feedback to a speaker about the effectiveness of the persuasive appeal e. listeners give negative feedback to a speaker about the effectiveness of the persuasive appeal

True

The informative strategy of explaining focuses on providing a deeper understanding of people, events, policies, or processes. Answers: True False

a. motivation

The most basic theory of _________ is that people seek pleasure and avoid pain. Answers: a. motivation b. persuasion c. needs d. deliberation e. resonance

e. the setting and the purpose.

The occasion, an element of the rhetorical situation, includes the Answers: a. style and memory. b. speaker and the audience. c. the speech and the invention. d. speech and feedback. e. the setting and the purpose.

False

The persuasive goal of "conversion" is far easier than the goal of "strengthening commitment." Answers: True False

b. strategic planning

The process of deciding how a speech can best achieve its purpose is called ___________. Answers: a. agenda setting b. strategic planning c. converting the audience d. strengthening the purpose e. inducing reinforcement

True

The same strategies that improve attention also encourage retention. Answers: True False

c. speaker's ability to use words and images to capture the occasion

The strength of a ceremonial speech depends primarily on the __________. Answers: a. the speaker's ability to use compelling reasoning b. strength of the supporting material c. speaker's ability to use words and images to capture the occasion d. clarity of the informative strategies e. appearance of the speaker

False

The term "persuasion" refers only to a situation in which a speaker attempts to reverse an audience's beliefs. Answers: True False

True

Unlike written compositions, speeches often contain direct references to both the speaker and the audience. Answers: True False

c. photographs, diagrams, and maps

Visual aids known as representations include _______. Answers: a. people, text graphics, and sequence of steps b. bar graphs, line graphs, and pie charts c. photographs, diagrams, and maps d. easels, flipcharts, and slides e. flowcharts, objects, and models

b. audience and the purpose of the speech

Visual aids should be selected by carefully considering the __________. Answers: a. speaker and the message b. audience and the purpose of the speech c. thesis of the speech and the size of the room d. culture and demographics of the audience e. supporting material, the reasoning, and the claim

e. Flowchart

Wanda wanted a visual aid to show the series of choices one should make when selecting an investment strategy. What type of visual aid would serve her best? Answers: a. Statistical chart b. Diagram c. Photograph d. Pie graph e. Flowchart

b. entertaining, persuading, informing

What are the three basic purposes of public speaking? Answers: a. deliberating, persuading, identifying b. entertaining, persuading, informing c. informing, explaining, conforming d. explaining, debating, complaining e. persuading, debating, deliberating

c. Language

What is the most significant resource for creating an effective speaking style? Answers: a. Vocal variety b. Gestures c. Language d. Eye contact e. Interesting supporting material

e. The speech did not meet the expectations of the audience in this occasion.

When Dave gave the toast at his best friend's wedding reception, he failed to notice the shocked looks as he told some off-color stories about the happy couple's dating life. What quality of decorum did Drew violate in this example? Answers: a. The audience did not like the speaker. b. The toast was too long. c. The toast did not reflect the speaker's true feelings. d. The emotions were too intense for the listeners. e. The speech did not meet the expectations of the audience in this occasion.

d. Referring to the speech situation

When Martin Luther King, Jr., opened his famous "I Have a Dream" speech by saying, "I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation," he was using what type of introduction? Answers: a. Citing statistics and making claims b. Using an analogy c. Telling a story d. Referring to the speech situation e. Stating the importance of the topic

b. use a working model

When an object is too small to be seen by the audience, the speaker's next best option is to _____________. Answers: a. abandon the idea of using a visual aid for that point b. use a working model c. use a picture of the object d. draw an illustration of the object e. pass the object around

e. compartmentalization

When listeners avoid evidence and arguments that challenge what they already believe by putting conflicting ideas into separate mental boxes, they are using a resistance strategy known as ______. Answers: a. denial b. selective listening c. selective perception d. belittling the source e. compartmentalization

e. main points are parallel in importance

When outlining, checking for proper coordination ensures that the ________________. Answers: a. supporting material is relevant to the idea it supports b. purpose of the speech is appropriate to the situation c. claims in the outline are precise and clear d. sentences are complete e. main points are parallel in importance

b. the supporting material is relevant to the main point that it supports

When outlining, checking for proper subordination ensures that ______________. Answers: a. the sentences are complete b. the supporting material is relevant to the main point that it supports c. the purpose of the speech is appropriate to the situation d. the claims in the outline are precise and clear e. the main points are parallel in importance

a. Creating a favorable response toward the speaker

When the speaker refers to a common experience in order ot create identification with the audience, which goal of a speech introduction is being served? Answers: a. Creating a favorable response toward the speaker b. Creating a favorable response toward the topic c. Gaining attention d. Clarifying the purpose of the thesis e. Previewing the development of the topic

b. Simplicity

When using computer-generated visual aids, which basic design principle is very easy to ignore or violate? Answers: a. Ease of use b. Simplicity c. Relevance d. Visibility e. Aesthetics

b. the speaker did not use them properly

When visual aids fail, most often it is because _________. Answers: a. the audience did not understand them b. the speaker did not use them properly c. they were not properly color-coded d. they distracted the audience e. they were inappropriate to the topic

d. strengthening commitment

When you know that your audience already agrees with you, you should use the persuasive strategy of __________. Answers: a. weakening commitment b. conversion c. ingratiation d. strengthening commitment e. refutation

b. Signaling the end

Which element of the conclusion functions to alert the listeners that the conclusion is beginning? Answers: a. Summarizing the main ideas b. Signaling the end c. Saying "thank you" and sitting down d. Making a final appeal e. Make a personal reference

a. The structure of the main points and subpoints

Which of the following characteristics should be identical in both the preparation and presentation outlines? Answers: a. The structure of the main points and subpoints b. The level of detail c. Complete sentences d. The stage directions e. The bibliography

e. Oral style is more complex than written style.

Which of the following comparative statements of written style and oral style is FALSE? Answers: a. Oral style has more potential for clutter than written style. b. Oral style is more reflexive than written style. c. Oral style is less formal than written style. d. Oral style is more repetitive than written style. e. Oral style is more complex than written style.

b. When a decision is required

Which of the following conditions give rise to deliberative speaking? Answers: a. When the listeners do not identify with the speaker b. When a decision is required c. During a public celebration d. During a commemoration event e. During a funeral

d. to increase listeners' understanding of the topic

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of persuasion? Answers: a. to move people from one belief to another b. to cause listeners to change their minds c. to influence what listeners will think about d. to increase listeners' understanding of the topic e. to move people from belief to action

e. Uncritical thinking

Which of the following is NOT one of the methods for resisting persuasion that are used by listeners? Answers: a. Denial b. Polysemy c. Compartmentalization d. The boomerang effect e. Uncritical thinking

c. The outline helps you determine the specific purpose of your speech.

Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes served by your speech outline? Answers: a. The outline helps you remember the claims you want to make and the order in which you plan to make them. b. The outline helps to ensure that the organizational pattern is sensible and consistent. c. The outline helps you determine the specific purpose of your speech. d. The outline helps you be sure you have covered your topic adequately. e. The outline helps to clarify and select the best organizational strategy for the speech.

c. They should focus on the honoree's virtues.

Which of the following is TRUE of eulogies? Answers: a. They should magnify the person's weaknesses and minimize his or her strengths. b. They should list as many professional accomplishments as possible. c. They should focus on the honoree's virtues. d. They should offer a balanced appraisal of the honoree's net worth as a human being. e. They should emphasize the speaker's relationship with the honoree.

c. The speaker clarifies the similarities and differences between censorship and rating systems.

Which of the following is an example of the informative strategy of comparing? Answers: a. The speaker tells the audience about the events surrounding a political debate on campus. b. The speaker clarifies the events surrounding the Watergate break-in and their impact on modern U.S. politics. c. The speaker clarifies the similarities and differences between censorship and rating systems. d. The speaker provides vivid details of the patriotic actions of the soldiers who fought the Battle of the Bulge. e. The speaker shows the audience how to perform CPR.

d. Is the quote clearly tied to my thesis?

Which of the following questions should most concern a speaker when opening a speech with a quotation? Answers: a. Do the listeners know the person I'm quoting? b. Is the quote startling enough to gain attention? c. Will the audience recognize the quote? d. Is the quote clearly tied to my thesis? e. Is the source of my quote credible?

d. They should be aimed exclusively at the graduates.

Which of the following statements about commencement speeches is FALSE? Answers: a. Their purpose is to challenge the graduates. b. They need to have a broad scope beyond the specific occasion. c. The speaker's ethos is presumed to transfer to the graduates. d. They should be aimed exclusively at the graduates. e. Most are eminently forgettable.

b. Chalkboards are very accessible to most student speakers.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the use of chalkboards to display visual aids? Answers: a. using the chalkboard allows the speaker to maintain the flow of the speech. b. Chalkboards are very accessible to most student speakers. c. Chalkboards are considered professional equipment. d. Drawing on the chalkboard promotes eye contact with the audience. e. Drawing on the chalkboard does not affect the speaker's vocal quality.

a. Style determined by the audience - it is audience dependent.

Which of the following statements is true about style? Answers: a. Style determined by the audience - it is audience dependent. b. Style is unique, it sets each speaker apart from all others. c. A speaker's style is predetermined early in life and cannot be changed. d. Each speaker has a style that is determined by the speaker - it is speaker dependent. e. Style comes naturally to speakers.

e. Preparation outline

Which type of outline is developed in detail while composing the speech? Answers: a. Discrete outline b. Presentation outline c. Rough outline d. Key word outline e. Preparation outline

d. describing

You plan to give a speech to high school seniors which will provide them with a vivid mental image of dorm life. You will probably rely most upon the informative strategy of ______. Answers: a. defining b. demonstrating c. reporting d. describing e. explaining

d. key words

Your presentation outline should identify supporting materials by using _____________. Answers: a. footnotes b. only direct quotations c. complete sentences d. key words e. a full text of all evidence

b. preparation and presentation

the two types of outlines are ____________. Answers: a. rhetorical and situational b. preparation and presentation c. informative and persuasive d. manuscript and memorized e. formal and informal

a. agenda setting

when you aim to make the audience aware of an issue or problem they had not previously known about, your informative purpose will likely be ______. Answers: a. agenda setting b. creating a feeling c. providing a new perspective d. converting the audience e. strengthening commitment to a position

a. Word economy

which of the following strategies promotes clarity in speech? Answers: a. Word economy b. Stories c. Personification d. Metaphor e. Repetition