Com Health ch 31
A client has a developmental disability. Which of the following areas would the nurse anticipate limited functioning? a. Dependent living, education, and finances b. Race, gender, and ethnicity c. Care giving, dependence, and limitation d. Self-help, language, and learning
ANS: D Disabilities limit functioning in at least three of seven areas, including self-help, language, learning, mobility, self-direction, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency.
How does Healthy People 2020 address persons with disabilities? a. Suggests specific therapies and techniques for working with this population b. Recognizes disabled individuals as productive citizens c. Recommends the development of community health centers d. Emphasizes increased access to services for this population
ANS: D Healthy People 2020 has a greater emphasis on increasing access to services that can increase independence and foster community living. Healthy People 2020 does not suggest specific therapies or techniques, recognize disabled individuals as productive or nonproductive citizens, or recommend the development of community health centers.
A nurse speaks on behalf of others who are unable to speak for themselves. Which of the following roles is being performed? a. Advocate b. Caregiver c. Coordinator d. Collaborator
ANS: A A nurse speaking on behalf of others who are unable to speak for themselves is performing the role of advocate. A nurse is responsible for assisting clients and families by organizing and integrating the resources of other agencies or care providers to meet the clients' needs most efficiently in the role of coordinator. As a caregiver, the nurse provides direct care to the client. Nurses are collaborators when they take part in joint decision making with clients, families, groups, and communities.
A nurse is providing care to a family who has a child with a disability. Which of the following individuals would most likely report high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression? a. Mother b. Father c. Teacher d. Home health nurse
ANS: A Mothers are most often the caregivers in families with a child with a disability. Mothers of children with special health care need report higher levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and feelings of isolation compared with mother of unaffected children.
A congressional mandate for the addition of folic acid to cereals in the United States to reduce neural tube defects in infants has been implemented. Which of the following levels of prevention has been addressed? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Assessment
ANS: A Primary prevention refers to those interventions aimed at preventing the occurrence of disease, injury, or disability. Secondary prevention interventions are aimed at screening and early detection. Tertiary prevention interventions are focused on treatment and rehabilitation. Assessment is not a level of prevention.
A nurse is caring for a disabled individual and her family. Which of the following may be a potential effect on the family? a. High out-of-pocket expenses to receive necessary services b. Alteration of self-concept and self-esteem c. Compliance with necessary legislation to maintain services d. Provision of health care services by the health department
ANS: A The cost of caring for a child with a disability often affects the family's financial well-being. One-third of children with disabilities who have insurance lack adequate coverage to meet their needs. Alteration of self-concept and self-esteem may affect individuals in the family, but not the family. Compliance with legislation and provision of health care services may be potential effects on the community.
A nurse is working to improve the health and wellness of persons with disabilities. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? a. Treat the whole person, not just the disability b. Focus on the disability and the related illnesses c. Acknowledge the ability, not the disability d. Ensure persons with disabilities have access to home health care
ANS: A To improve the health and wellness of persons with disabilities, the former Surgeon General Carmona suggested that health care providers should see and treat the whole person; educators should teach about disability; the public should focus on the person's abilities, not just the disability; and the community should ensure accessible health care and wellness services.
The nurse, with agreement from the family, arranges for families to see social workers on the same day that they bring their children for follow-up care in a pediatric cardiology clinic. Which of the following roles is being performed? a. Caregiver b. Coordinator c. Collaborator d. Case finder
ANS: B A nurse is responsible for assisting clients and families by organizing and integrating the resources of other agencies or care providers to meet the clients' needs most efficiently in the role of coordinator. A nurse arranging for families to see social workers on the same day that they bring children to be followed up in a pediatric cardiology clinic is performing the role of coordinator. A nurse as a case finder identifies individuals with disabilities who need services. Nurses are collaborators when they take part in joint decision making with clients, families, groups, and communities. In the caregiver role, the nurse provides direct care to the client.
A nurse is working with a client who has been diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder and bipolar disorder. Which of the following terms best describes what is being experienced by the client? a. Disability b. Dual diagnosis c. Handicap d. Functional limitation
ANS: B A substance abuse disorder concurrent with a mental illness disorder is a dual diagnosis. Disability is a condition (such as illness or injury) that damages or limits a person's physical or mental abilities. Handicap is a very powerful word; it symbolizes the person with a disability begging with a "cap in his hand." Functional limitations occur when individuals experience difficulty performing basic activities of daily living (ADLs) because of their disability.
A nurse is caring for a client who, according to the Social Security Administration, is considered disabled. Which of the following best describes the client? a. A wheelchair-bound person b. A person unable to engage in any gainful activity because of a medical impairment c. A handicapped person d. A person who has had a stroke or has lost the use of a lower extremity
ANS: B By definition, the Social Security Administration defines a disabled person as a person unable to engage in substantial, gainful activity by reason of medically determinable physical or mental impairment. A wheelchair-bound person, a handicapped person, or a person who has had a stroke may be able to engage in gainful activity.
Which definition of disability is being used when a disability is considered to be a function of physical characteristics that place an individual at a disadvantage when compared to those without the characteristics? a. Social Model of Disability b. Medical Model of Disability c. Webster Dictionary definition of disability d. Social Security Administration definition of disability
ANS: B In the Medical Model of Disability, disability is considered to be a function of physical characteristics or conditions that place an individual at a disadvantage as compared to those without the characteristic or condition. This model emphasizes the disabled person and the need to modify the course of illness to give the disabled person a "normal" life. In the Social Model of Disability, emphasis is placed on systemic barriers as well as societal attitudes and stigmas that contribute to the perception that those with limitations or physical illnesses are disabled. Webster's Dictionary definition describes disability as a condition (such as illness or injury) that damages or limits a person's physical or mental abilities. The Social Security Administration uses the Medical Model of Disability for determination of disability.
Which of the following statements about disabilities is true? a. Disability includes sickness. b. Almost everyone will experience disability at some time during life. c. Disabilities are limited to physical impairments. d. Most disabled individuals require assistance with ADLs.
ANS: B Most men, women, and children of all ages, races, and ethnicities will experience disability at some time during their life. As a person ages, the likelihood of developing a disability increases. Disability is a condition (such as illness or injury) that damages or limits a person's physical or mental abilities.
Which statement about physically compromised persons who are experiencing poverty is true? a. They are more likely to have access to needed services. b. They are at greater risk for more rapid progression of disease processes. c. Their care is usually better coordinated. d. They require more nursing in-home care than persons not living in poverty.
ANS: B People who are disabled and live in poverty are less likely to have the resources to provide for their own special needs. Those living in poverty are less likely to have access to needed services or coordinated care. Those living in poverty do not require more nursing in-home care than those who are not in poverty.
An employee who is blind brings a service animal to work. Which of the following legislative acts includes this provision? a. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 b. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 c. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975 d. The Developmental Disabilities Act and Bill of Rights Act of 2000
ANS: B Service animals are defined and protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Service animals are working animals that are individually trained to perform tasks for persons with disabilities. This legislation allows service animals to accompany a disabled person into all areas open to the general public. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was the first legislation designed specifically to eliminate discrimination against the disabled; it required all federal agencies and programs receiving federal funds to hire disabled workers. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975 guarantees all children with disabilities ages 3 through 21 the right to a free and appropriate public school education that will meet their individual needs. The Developmental Disabilities Act and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 requires the Administration of Developmental Disabilities under the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) to ensure that people with developmental disabilities and their families receive the services and support that they need.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a disability. Which of the following would be the correct way to refer to this individual? a. A handicapped person b. A person who has an amputation c. An amputee d. A wheelchair-bound afflicted person
ANS: B The Person First Movement advocates for political correctness in defining persons with disabilities. In other words, refer to a "woman who is blind" rather than a "blind woman" or a "person with diabetes" rather than a "diabetic."
A nurse maintains current information about agencies whose services are of potential use to the disabled and directs clients to the resources that can meet their needs. Which of the following roles is being demonstrated? a. Educator b. Caregiver c. Referral agent d. Advocate
ANS: C As a referral agent, the nurse directs clients to the resources that can meet their needs. A nurse speaking on behalf of others who are unable to speak for themselves is performing the role of advocate. In the caregiver role, the nurse provides direct care to the client. Nurses serve as educators who provide clients at any level with sufficient knowledge to enable them to care for their own needs.
A nurse implements a health promotion education program for physically compromised adults. Which of the following would be the most important reason to provide programming for this population? a. Health promotion interventions are similar among those with disabilities. b. Establishment of health-promoting behaviors is difficult. c. Information and counseling is needed to prevent other health problems. d. Community resources can be accessed through these presentations.
ANS: C Physically compromised clients need information and counseling for health-promoting behaviors and for prevention of the progression of a condition or pathology. Primary prevention is the most important strategy so that other conditions do not occur. Health promotion strategies may be different depending on the condition. Information about community resources can be provided during the presentation, but they would not be able to be accessed during the presentation. It may be difficult for the client to establish health-promoting behaviors; however, this does not explain why these presentations are important.
What is the most common disability occurring in the United States in persons aged 18 years and older? a. Diabetes b. Stroke c. Arthritis d. Cancer
ANS: C The most common disability found in the United States in persons aged 18 years and over is arthritis. Diabetes continues to be the leading cause of kidney failure, non-traumatic lower-extremity amputations, and blindness among adults ages 20 to 74. Stroke and cancer are not among the leading causes of disability.
The nurse organizes developmental vision and hearing screening of young children to identify those with disabilities. Which of the following roles is being performed by the nurse? a. Caregiver b. Coordinator c. Collaborator d. Case finder
ANS: D A nurse as a case finder identifies individuals with disabilities who need services. A nurse is responsible for assisting clients and families by organizing and integrating the resources of other agencies or care providers to meet the clients' needs most efficiently in the role of coordinator. Nurses are collaborators when they take part in joint decision making with clients, families, groups, and communities. In the caregiver role, the nurse provides direct care to the client.
A nurse is working with low-income disabled families who have young children. Which of the following considerations should be made by the nurse? a. The children who are at greatest risk for abuse have physical disabilities. b. The children who are at greatest risk for abuse have developmental delays. c. The children who are at greatest risk for abuse have mental retardation. d. The children who are at greatest risk for abuse have cognitive disabilities.
ANS: D Children with cognitive disabilities under the age of six and from low-income families are at the highest risk for abuse or neglect. Children who have developmental delays, mental retardation, or physical disabilities are not at increased risk.
Developmental disabilities, which continue throughout a person's lifetime, start before which age? a. 7 b. 12 c. 17 d. 22
ANS: D Developmental disabilities are chronic impairments that occur during development, starting before age 22, and last throughout the person's lifetime.