Com prep for exam 1

The ___________ asserts that the language a speaker uses influences the way he or she thinks.

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

we use small talk to connect us to others in an initial encounter. This is an example of the blank function of lanuage.

Relational

__________ is a commonly recognized way that nonverbal communication frames verbal communication?

Substitution

Both verbal and nonverbal communication is composed of _______ symbols to which we give meaning, and we, in turn, behave according to those meanings.

arbitrary

The nonverbal act of looking downwards and avoiding eye contact may well be a sign of _________.

guilt

Nonverbal communication is typically __________ than verbal communication.

more honest

You spill a soda on your copy of the campus newspaper, and as you try to read page 2 the images and words from page one bleed through, making it impossible to read anything at all. This is an example of _________ noise

physical

The two types of face wants are _________

positive and negative

Your sister turns to you and says, "Are you as hungry as I am? Why don't you come to lunch with me?" Her question is a good example of the operation of ___________ in language.

positive politeness

Gestures to help the flow of speech, for example, raising your hand in class are _______.

regulators

A stop sign is a stop sign—rather than a stop symbol—because it is a more-or-less ________ substitution for something else, in this case, an official order to stop your car.

sign/symbol

Andrew talks to his friends using abbreviated words and does not always use correct grammar, but when their professor joins their conversation they all speak with more attention to proper grammar. This switch is an example of language having ____________ meaning.

situational

_______ is how we structure a message by using nonverbal communication to repeat, complement, contradict, substitute for, and regulate what we say.

Framing

___________meaning is a word's explicit meaning, the one that directly comes to mind when used by a specific speech community. ___________meaning is a word's more implicit, usually emotionally or culturally enriched meaning.

Denotative/connotative

Which of the following is an example of a cultural rule that shapes our nonverbal communication?

Distance when speaking

Shaking your head "no" is an example of what type of gesticulation?

Emblem

________ is the public self-image that every member of a culture wants to claim for her or himself.

Face

________ space is most likely to be employed between two roommates engaged in casual conversation.

Personal

You are a diligent student and want your professor to know this, so during each class, as you participate in every discussion, asking a lot of questions, you sit in the front row. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?

Proxemics

Emblems, adaptors, illustrators, affect displays, and regulators are all forms of __________.

gesticulations

Your doctor is talking to you about adopting a healthier diet, but you are so tired from studying the night before that you simply cannot focus on what she's saying. This is an example of __________ noise.

physiological

You are arguing with friends about political ideas but they will not listen to you or your ideas. This type of noise is ___________ noise.

psychological

When a relative at a family gathering asks you a ridiculous question you remain silent, later explaining that you simply refused to dignify the question with a response. You wanted the nonverbal code to ___________ your unspoken message.

substitute for

What is ultimately the function of language?

To make meaning

What distance range best defines personal space?

18" - 4'

While all your roommates are laboring over their textbooks in preparation for tomorrow's exam, you conspicuously pull your e-reader from your backpack. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?

Artifacts

Why do most scholars categorize oculesics as a separate nonverbal code rather than simply categorize it as a form of facial expression?

Because they believe that the eyes, on their own, have significant power to communicate.

Which of the following sentences best demonstrates the metaphor of Argument as War?

He shot down all of my arguments.

Your girlfriend has been on vacation for three weeks and never bothered to contact you—not even a postcard. So upon her return you explain how frustrated you are with her and then avoid taking her phone calls for two weeks. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?

Silence

___________ is the occurrence and ordering of words and sounds to convey an intended meaning.

Syntax

Which model represents the most contemporary view of the communication process?

Transactional

Communication is about mutual meaning making. It is also transactional and ___________.

a process

The type of model described in #8 can be described as ________ model of communication because it views the success of the communication effort as primarily within the sender's control

a source dominated

Language signifying concepts, qualities, or ideas is _____

abstract language

First impressions are typically based on ___________.

appearance

We typically use euphemisms because we wish to obey which rule of pragmatic competence?

be polite

Essential to the idea of the transactional view of communication is that ___________.

communication changes the communicators

The difference in the English language between the words home and house is actually a difference in ___________.

connotative meaning

Culture is the world made meaningful. It is socially __________ through communication.

constructed and maintained

Unlike verbal communication, nonverbal communication is ________.

continuous

The amount of time we give to our loved ones reflects not only the value we place on relational bonds, but the ___________ values as well.

culture's

You're walking down the street in your state's capital city. You hear people with accents that seem quite at home there, but you also hear folks talking with a decidedly different accent. You instantly know they're visitors to your state. This is an example of culture's power to _______.

differentiate

Your friend shows you a funny comic she drew for the school paper. You examine it, get the joke, and smile at her. You have, in other words, successfully _________ her message

encoded

"I don't procrastinate; I'm just better at doing work under pressure!" is an example of the use of ___________.

euphemism

Languages such as Spanish and German differentiate between male and female nouns. These are examples of languages that engage in the __________ of nouns

gendering

Many nonverbal codes have universal meaning; among those that do not is ____________.

kissing

_______ models of communication suggest that messages travel in a more or less straight line from a source, through a medium, to a receiver

linear

______ are active organizations of past reactions or of past experiences

schemas

Perception requires all the following processes: organization, interpretation, and ___________.

selection

Your professor is giving a lecture but uses technical jargon throughout the entire lecture confusing the class so no one knows what is going on. This is an example of ______ noise.

semantic

A ___________ is something that signals the presence of something specific; that is, it is more or less an objective substitute for that thing

sign

The order of a basic linear process of communication follows the pattern ______.

source > medium > receiver