COM101 Exam 1

Affect displays

gestures that physically communicate emotion - example: running to hug hello, blowing someone a kiss

Regulators (gestures)

gestures that regulate conversational speaking and listening - control the flow of conversation (signaling to talk more; signaling you do not know)

code switching

going from one language to another language or going from one accent to another accent.

primacy effect

other things being equal, information presented first usually has the most influence

linear model of communication

theory that views communication as a one-way process in which a source (sender) conveys an encoded message through a channel to a receiver, who then decodes that message.

Leakage cues

unintended, often momentary nonverbal signs that leak our true feelings even when we think we are masking them Ex) Body movement that allows your "lie" out of your body Saying you are not cheating but tapping your leg suggesting you are

kinesic communication

communicating through the movement of head, eyes, arms, hands, legs, or torso

Metacommunication

communication about communication -tend to be the non-verbal Example: saying loving your hair; the idea becomes how we interpret that communication.

Report talk

communication style focused on exchanging information with little emotional import often used among men

Dialogue

communication style used to speak and have a conversation face to face common women - women talk sitting down and giving full attention without distraction.

Doing

communication style used to speak and have a conversation while doing something to distract common in men - men talk going to bar

Communication vs. Communications

communication: the sharing of meaning Communications: The exchange of information Com101 focuses on communication and the idea that the shared meaning can never be exact. This is because everyone has different interpretations.

Withdrawl

leaving; withdrawing from oneself Ex) if someone is in your territory you leave the situation and sit in a new chair

Front stage self

we play a role and impression management to craft how we come off to other people. (how we are front stage for our mom vs friends differ)

Intimate personal space

(touching-1.5ft) pertains to the onion model only a few people will be in this personal space (the closer people you are with)

Semantic Triangle

- symbol, referent, reference - 3 parts are related to one another Even though a word can bring meaning and thought to you, it will never be the same meaning and thought to someone else. This goes back to the whole meaning of communication cannot be exact.

Equilibrium theory

- want to match the persons energy you are communicating with - We balance each others energies out; and how we are internally feeling (related to the leakage cues)

Differences between NV and V communication

-NV more ambiguous: This is because we dont teach nonverbal and you have to learn it yourself. - NV less controlled - NV tends to be less believable - NV is continuous

Similarities between NV and V communication

-symbolic - rule-guided - reflect culture - personal - may be intentional or unintentional

Public personal space

12 to 15 feet use it as protection; safety mechanism

social personal space

4-12 feet typically arms length Ex) studying; group

secondary territory

A territory less important to us than primary territories - spaces that you have during a certain time period - the idea that people claim secondary territories and we do not care who is there before us. As long as we are there when we need to be - EX) The spot you sit in class

public territory

A territory open to anyone, to which we generally make no attempt to control access but we claim it for that one time thing Ex) the spot we sit on the bus, the spot we sit at the park

Horn effect

Based off your assumptions of a personality via the implicit personality theory being negative characteristics

Halo effect

Based off your assumptions of a personality via the implicit personality theory being wonderful and awesome

Connotative

The cultural or emotional interpretive level of a word based on associated images rather than the literal meaning Ex) being offended by hearing the word Ma'am instead of Ms.

Denotation

The dictionary definition of a word

Communication is ambiguous

The idea that All messages and all relationships have more than one meaning. - does not always turn out well; can be negative ex) texting and sarcasm

Communication is not a panacea

The idea that communication is not a cure all -communication cannot solve all of your problems -belief that communication alone can solve your problems is false.

Communication is irreversible

The idea that once you say or do something you cannot take it back because the communication was already sent/ received.

Oculesics

The study of eye contact

emblems (kinesics)

Types of gestures that have a specific meaning in a culture

Insulation

a form of protection in response to territorial encroachment Ex) Putting your purse on the seat so a stranger does not sit next to you

Rapport Talk

a communication style meant to promote social affiliation and emotional connection often used among women -talk out how you feel

Symbolic Interactionism

a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions. - The idea we have roles and these roles overlap

social penetration model

a model describing how intimacy can be achieved via the breadth and depth of self-disclosure -the outer layer (basic information like hobby -depth --> inner layer (secrets)

Turf Defense

a response to territorial encroachment in which you defend the territory against invasion, sometimes with something as simple as saying, "This is my seat," or you might start a fight as nations do.

Expectancy Violations Theory

a theory that suggests that we develop rules or expectations for appropriate nonverbal behavior and react when those expectations are violated Ex) what is standing to close

Paralinguistics

all aspects of spoken language except the words themselves; includes rate, volume, pitch, stress

self-fulfilling prophecy

an expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true.

looking-glass self

an image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you -the concept in which we look at ourselves perspectives how others react to us Ex) Shrek thinks he needs to be a mean and scary ogre because that is what everyone perceives him as.

Speech Act Theory

branch of pragmatics that suggest that when people communicate, they do not just say things, they also do things with their words

polysemy

having many possible meanings or interpretations of a word Ex) the princess bride "I wish" = "I love you"

Types of personal space

intimate, personal, social, public

Illustrators (gestures)

nonverbal behaviors that accompany speech - describing someone by pointing or nodding their head; everyone will have their own

Spiritual Self

ones concept of self based on beliefs, morals, ethics and values. Ex) what your religion says about you

Social self

ones concept of self developed based of personal and social interactions with others. Ex) why are particular people your friends

Material self

ones concept of self reflected in the total of all the tangible things you own

Physical Adaptors

physical issue one is trying to fix - rock in the shoe; shaking it out - spinach in the teeth; picking it out

God Terms

powerfully evocative terms that are viewed positively in a society Ex) in politics the when people are referred to as Patriotic that is a god term

Devil Terms

powerfully evocative terms viewed negatively in a society Ex) in politics when people are referred to communists that is a devil term

We cannot not communicate

principle that states we will never not be communicating. Non-verbals are communicating Ex: what we wore today, not showing up to class

Psychological adaptors

psychological issues one is trying to fix. (they can or cannot have knowledge that they are doing this) -Ex) playing with hair because they are nervous (they don't know) -Ex) shaking leg because nervous; but realize they do this while they are nervous and acknowledge it.

implicit personality theory

sets of assumptions based off of what you know about an individual Ex) Hear that Thor is strong. Well then he must be nice, caring and protective. Thats not a fact; its an assumption

Circular/ Interactional Model of Communication

similar to the linear model but extends to the idea by incorporating feedback to the model. The sender conveys encoded message to receiver who then will encode a message back to the sender via feedback.

Communication is unrepeatable

since communication is an ongoing process, it is NOT possible to repeat the same event - such as, if professor asks the class to show up later to repeat the exact same lecture, it would NOT be the same - many things would be different

Proxemics

study of personal space

Hapatics

study of touch

codeswitching

switching between two languages during one conversation (spanish - english - spanish) (accent - no accent

primary territory

territory that is considered to be the exclusive domain of its owner - the space that is yours all of the time - places that you would not let anyone else in without permission - EX) dorm room, bedroom

Personal space

the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies Ex) one on one

Communication is a series of punctuated events

the idea that we are unaware of the intentional start of communication and the end of communication. This idea is different for everyone Ex) Professor and first day of class vs. our first day of class.

Civil inattention

the process whereby individuals in the same physical setting pretending not to pay attention but in reality are paying attention -Ex) listening to phones conversation of your roommate and his girlfriend

Chronemics

the study of how humans use and structure time: Communcation aspect focuses on culture -monochronemic (on time; strict; so limited on time - don't waste it) -polychronemic (late; time; relationships matter more- create time)

Transactional Model of communication

the theory that views communication as a constant process in which all parties simultaneously play the roles of sender and receiver. - theory recognizes noise, environment, psychological, physical and semantic noise.

attribution theory

the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

microexpressions

very brief, sudden emotional expressions

kinesics slips

when you say something that you didn't mean to say but you really meant/ felt it. It just happened to slip out