Combo

At the Yalta Conference a. Truman had to replace the ailing FDR b. the Soviet Union asserted control of land it already controlled c. Stalin refused to join the newly created United Nations d. the Allies did not address the designation of occupation zones in war-torn Europe

B

The Battle of the Bulge A. began in the spring of 1945 B. saw the American army drive deep into Germany C. was the last major battle on the western front D. both B and C E. None of the above

C

During WWII, riots in Harlem and Detroit revealed that a. the Communist Party had a strong foundation in urban areas b. antiwar sentiment was on the rise as the war continued c. labor unions were not following FDR's no strike appeals d.racial divisiveness was still a social problem in America

D

During World War II, organized labor in the United States A. lost membership as wages rose across most industries B. frequently used the threats of strikes to obtain higher wages C. agreed to freeze union membership and wages until the war was over D. won automatic union membership for new defense plant workers E. won a significant victory with the passage of the Smith-Connally act

D

FDR's issuance of Executive Order 8802 a. allowed women to join the Army-Air Corps b. required participation in scrap drives and victory gardens c. gave approval for the dropping of the atomic bomb in Japan d. banned racial discrimination in employment for defense industries

D

In August 1944, the Allies liberated from German occupation the city of A. Rome B. Warsaw C. Stockholm D. Paris E. Amsterdam

D

During WWII, Chinese Americans A. were drafted in a higher proportion than any other national group B. recieved a favorable image in U.S. government propaganda C. saw the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Acts. D. both recieved a favorable image in U.S. government propaganda and saw the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Acts. E. all of the above

E

16. Which of the following is least related to the other three? a) Smith-Connally Act b) A. Philip Randolph c) fair Employment Practices Commission d) racial discrimination in wartime industry e) proposed "Negro March on Washington"

a

3. Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II a) were further assimilated into American society b) were not allowed to serve in the military c) had their patriotism questioned as in World War I d) cast their vote for Republican candidates opposed to the war e) served in ethnically distinct military units

a

31. The Allied demand for unconditional surrender was criticized mainly by opponents who believed that such surrender would a) encourage the enemy to resist as long as possible b) be impossible to obtain c) be unacceptable to the Soviets, who had already suffered terrible casualties d) result in an armistice whose terms would lead to war, much as the Treaty of Versailles had led to World War II e) discourage anti-Hitler resisters

a

37. At the wartime Teheran Conference, a) the Soviet Union agreed to declare war on Japan within three months b) the Big Three allies agreed to divide postwar Germany into separate occupied zones c) the Soviet Union agreed to allow free elections in Eastern European nations that its armies occupied at the end of the war d) plans were made for the opening of a second front in Europe e) it was agreed that five Big Powers would have veto power in the United Nations

a

9. During World War II, the United States government commissioned the production of synthetic ________________ in order to offset the loss of access to prewar supplies in East Asia. a) textiles b) rubber c) tin d) fuels e) plastics

b

21. The national debt increased most during a) Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal b) Herbert Hoover's administration c) World War II d) World War I e) the 1920s

c

5. The minority groups most adversely affected by Washington's wartime policies was a) German-Americans b) blacks c) Japanese-Americans d) American communists e) Italian-Americans

c

24. The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of a) Leyte Gulf b) Bataan and Corregidor c) the Coral Sea d) Midway e) Guadalcanal

d

2. Once at war, Americans first great challenge was to a) pass a conscription law b) raise an army and navy c) extend aid to the Soviet Union d) develop atomic weapons e) retool its industry for all-out war production

e

42. The Potsdam conference a) determined the fate of Eastern Europe b) brought France and China in as part of the "Big" Five c) concluded that the Soviet Union would enter the war in the Pacific d) was Franklin Roosevelt's last meeting with Churchill and Stalin e) issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed

e

43. The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred briefly by the belief that a) a nuclear weapon was the only way to win the war b) the Germans might acquire such a weapon first c) the Japanese were at work on an atomic bomb project of their own d) scientists like Albert Einstein might be lost to the war effort e) the American public would not tolerate the casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan

e

45. Which of the following was not among the qualities of the American participation in World War II? a) a group of highly effective military and political leaders b) an enormously effective effort in producing weapons and supplies c) a higher percentage of military casualties than any other Allied nation d) the preservation of the American homeland against invasion or destruction for the air e) the maintenance and re-affirmation of the strength of American democracy

e

During World War II, all of the following were Allied advantages in intelligence-gathering EXCEPT the A. creation of the Enigma machine for coded communications B. introduction of punched-hole card technology C. creation of the first programmable, digital computer D. breaking of the German codes early in the war E. breaking of Japanese codes before American entry into the war

A

In 1943, the country that pressed for an immediate Allied invasion of France against Germany was A. the Soviet Union B. China C. Great Britain D. the United States E. Canada

A

In August 1945, the primary reason the US dropped a 2nd atomic bomb on Japan was A. the Japanese didn't immediately surrender after the first bomb was dropped B. the Soviet Union announced it wouldn't enter into war against Japan C. the Japanese government announced that the US had only 1 atomic bomb D. the emperor of Japan asked the US for more time to consider surrendering E. the emperor of Japan declared that his country would fight to the death

A

In World War II, the main american strategy to fight Japan was to A. mount two offensive campaigns to attack the Japaneses from two directions B. concentrate U.S. forces into one large offensive moving west from the Marshall Islands C. quickly recapture the midway islands form the Japanese D. establish a strong defensive position in the Solomon Islands to lure in the Japanese E. encourage the Japanese navy to overextend itself past the Gilbert Islands, then attack from behind

A

In regards to European Jewish refugees, between 1939 and 1945, the United States A. refused to accept large numbers of refugees B. won an agreement by England to accept several thousand refugees C. made many efforts to help refugees escape the Nazis but not to enter the U.S. D. denied the Nazis were targeting Jew for murder E. rescinded the provisions of the 1924 National Origins Act dealing with Jewish immigrants

A

In the 1940s, swing music A. was a new form of jazz B. originated in Latin America C. grew out of a square dance D. first appeared in the U.S. in Kansas City E. reinforced racial taboos

A

The costliest battle in the history of the U.S. Marine Corps was A. the Battle of Iwo Jima B. the Battle of Leyte Gulf C. the Battle of Okinawa D. the Battle of Midway E. the Battle of Guadalcanal

A

The last military action of WWII as a. the atomic bombing of Nagasaki b. the Allied capture of Berlin c. the battle of Iwo Jima

A

Which statement is not true? a. Jews and Poles were the only people killed in Nazi death camps b. Soviet troops came upon camps in which millions of Jews had been killed c. as Allied troops liberated conquered areas, they could scarcely believe the horrors

A

in 1943, to simplify tax collection, Congress enacted A. automatic payroll deduction B. a short form for paying income taxes C. a sales tax D. a flat tax E. an earned income tax credit

A

Britain and the US began their European offensive against Germany by invading a. France b. Italy c. Norway d. the Netherlands

B

During WWII, in the US, all of the following social indicators experienced a rise in their rate of occurrence EXCEPT A. the marriage rate B. high school enrollment C. the divorce rate D. the juvenile crime rate E. the birth rate

B

During World War II, Germany held the technological edge over the Allies in A. centimetric radar B. rocket-propelled bombs C. ocean mine detection D. aircraft bombers E. intelligence gathering

B

The bitter intensity of the war in the Pacific was magnified by a. Japan's lack of any fighter planes b. racial hatred and cultural differences between both sides c. the defeat of the Americans at Leyete Gulf d. the American's inability to cut off supplies to Japan

B

The first check to Japanese expansion came at the Battle of the Coral Sea when a. British reinforcements relieved a battered US navy b. US aircraft carriers halted a Japanese advance toward Australia c. The Japanese were forced to surrender the island fortress of Corregidor d. the alliance of the Axis powers dissolved

B

The most important result of the fighting after the Allied landing at Normandy was a. the toppling of Mussolini's government in Italy b. the retreat of the Germans out of France

B

The purpose of the D Day invasion was to a. knock Italy out of the war b. the retreat of the Germans out of France c. it showed Harry Truman's skills as a presidential leader d. it coincided with the Americans' victory at Kasserine Pass

B

What are the Axis Powers in World War II? a. Soviet Union, Germany, Italy b. Germany, Japan, Italy c. Germany, Italy, France d. Soviet Union, Japan, Germany

B

in 1942, the North African campaign against the Nazis saw A. the Americans advance under the command of Omar Bradley B. the Americans successfully regroup from a defeat at Kasserine Pass C. the Germans suffer a major defeat at Stalingrad D. the Americans push Germans out of Egypt E. the British lose a key early battle at El Alamein

B

A turning point on the eastern front came when a. the Americans defeated the Japanese navy at the Battle of Midway b. Allied forces defeated the Germans at El Almein c. the Soviet Union forced a German surrender after the battle of Stalingrad d. FDR sent 2 million troops to the aid of the battered Soviet Union

C

After the fall of Mussolini a. The Axis Powers withdrew all of the their troops from central Europe b. the British shifted their focus back to North Africa c. bitter fighting for the control of Italy took place between the Allies and Germany

C

As the Allies began to defeat the Germans from the east and the west: a. Japan considered a sudden surrender to Great Britain b. Mussolini signed an alliance treaty with the US c. They began to uncover the horrors of Nazi death camps d. antiwar protester began to march on Washington

C

During World War II, the National Defense Research Committee A. by 1941, had pushed the U.S. into a position of technological superiority over Germany B. funded less research than its predecessor had during World War I C. was headed by a scientist who was a pioneer in the development of the computer D. concentrated its work on developing an atomic bomb E. received more private funding than government money

C

During World War II, the United States military A. used quotas to limit the number of black servicemen in the military B. excluded blacks from combat duty C. began to relax its practices of racial segregation D. allowed blacks into all branches of the military for the first time E. doubled the number of black servicemen to 200,000

C

FDR's "lend- lease" program allowed: a. states to earn block grants from the federal government b. The US to sell military supplies to the Axis Powers c. Britain to borrow military

C

In 1942, the United States and Mexico agreed to the braceros program which A. increased the number of Mexican immigrants in the United States would accept as new citizens B. allowed U.S. businesses to establish war production factories in Mexico C. admitted Mexican contract laborers into the US for a limited time D. accepted Mexican citizens into the US armed forces E. eliminated the tariff on goods produced in Mexico

C

In 1945, the first atomic explosion in history took place in A. Hiroshima, Japan B. the Bikini Islands C. Alamogordo, New Mexico D. the Salt Lake desert in Utah E. Oak Ridge, Tennessee

C

In the 1944 elections, A. Republicans gained control of the Senate B. FDR was to ill to campaign C. Democrats increased their control of the House D. Thomas Dewey nearly won the electoral vote E. Henry Wallace was elected vice president

C

In the Potsdam Declaration of 1945, the US attempted to a. withdraw all of its troops from Western Europe b. inform Japan about the United States' nuclear capabilities c. open the door for a Japanese surrender

C

Japan surrendered to the US a. because they feared entry of the Soviet Union into the war in the Pacific b. as a result of the destructive fire bombing of Tokyo c. after the US dropped a 2nd atomic bomb

C

Operation Overlord was the code name for the a. re election strategy of FDR b. project to build the atomic bomb c. D Day invasion

C

The Manhattan Project was the code name for a. the D Day invasion b. rationing programs in the US c. the project to develop the atomic bomb d. the American attack at Iwo Jima

C

The United States government aquired definite knowledge of the Holocaust A. prior to World War II beginning in Europe B. before the U.S. had entered the war C. during the first years after U.S. involvement D. not until the last year of the war E. not until after the war was over

C

Which statement about Pearl Harbor is true? a. the attack left the US with no naval carriers in the Pacific b. Japan destroyed all of the oil storage tanks at Pearl Harbor c. more than 2,000 Americans were killed in the surprise Japan attack d. even after the attack, many congressmen voted against the declaration of war

C

During WWII, Congress abolished the A. CCC B. WPA C. FDIC D. CCC and WPA E. WPA and FDIC

D

In the months leading to Pearl Harbor: a. relations between the US and Japan appeared to be getting better b. Germany withdrew its troops from the Soviet Union c. Japan signed a non aggression pact with China d. FDR froze Japanese assets and increased US naval presence in the Pacific

D

Meetings of Allied leaders at Casablanca and Tehran revealed that a. China would not continue to aid the Allies' cause b. japan was on the verge of surrender c. The Soviet Union was no longer experiencing significant casualties d. the Allies possessed differing views of the world after the war

D

After 1943, the United States advanced on Japan primarily with the aid of forces from A. England and France B. the Soviet Union and China C. the Dutch and the Soviet Union D. England and the Soviet Union E. Australia and New Zealand

E

Casualties in WWII A. saw 14,000,000 combantants die B. saw more than 1,000,000 Americans killed or wounded C. were relatively light in the US compared to those of other countries D. both were relatively light in the US compared to those of other countries, and saw 14,000,000 combantants die E. All of the above

E

During World War II, the first Axis country to be defeated was A. Germany B. Spain C. Austria D. Japan E. Italy

E

During World War II, the regional impact of government spending was the greatest in the A. Northeast B. Midwest C. South D. East E. West

E

In 1939, the first steps toward the creation of the atomic bomb were taken by A. the Soviet Union B. Great Britain C. the US D. Japan E. Nazi Germany

E

In 1942, when the US interned Japanese Americans in "relocation centers" A. all of the affected Japanese were American citizens B. the West Coast of the US was not an important military region C. all of those affected were 1st-generation Japense immigrants D. the move was protested by California Attorney General Earl Warren E. there was no evidence that the Japanese Americans were a domestic security risk

E

In February 1944, American naval forces won a series of victories in the Marshall Islands under the command of A. Dwight Eisenhower B. Douglas MacArthur C. Omar Bradley D. Joseph Stilwell E. Chester Nimitz

E

The Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942 A. saw the Americans take the offensive for the first time B. was the United States forced to withdraw its naval forces C. marked the major turning point of the war in the Pacific D. saw the Japanese lose most of its aircraft carriers E. marked the first important victory by the United States

E

The Smith-Connally Act of 1943 A. was opposed by president Franklin Roosevelt B. authorized the president to seize a war factory where workers had gone on strike C. passed as a result of actions taken by the United Mine Workers D. both was opposed by president Franklin Roosevelt and passes as a result of actions taken by the United Mine Workers E. All these Answers are correct

E

15. African-Americans did all of the following during World War II except a) fight in integrated combat units b) rally behind the slogan "Double V" (victory over dictators abroad and racism at home) c) move north and west in large numbers d) form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality e) serve in the Army Air Corps

a

33. Arrange these wartime conferences in chronological order: (A) V-J Day, (B) V-E Day, (C) D Day, (D) invasion of Italy a) D, C, B, A b) A, C, B, D c) B, D, A, C d) C, A, D, B e) A, D, B, C

a

34. The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was a) a modification of the demand of unconditional surrender of Italy b) the overthrow of Mussolini and Italy's unconditional surrender c) the swift Allied conquest of the Italian peninsula d) a conflict between Churchill and General Eisenhower over the invasion of the Italian mainland e) the threat of a Communist takeover of the Italian government

a

36. The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it a) delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe b) prevented the rise of fascism or communism in Italy after the war c) enabled the Americans to appease both British and Soviet strategic demands d) enabled the U.S. to prevent Austria and Greece from falling into Soviet hands e) destroyed the monastery of Monte Cassino and other Italian artistic treasures

a

40. Action by the U.S. against Hitler's campaign of genocide against the Jews a) was reprehensibly slow in coming b) included the admission of large numbers of Jewish refugees into the U.S. c) involved the bombing of rail lines used to carry victims to the Nazi death camps d) was slow in coming, because the U.S. did not know about the death camps until near the end of the war e) was a major reason the U.S. fought World War II

a

10. Match each of the wartime agencies below with its correct function: A. War Production Board B. Office of Price Administration C. War Labor Board D. Fair Employment Practices Commission 1) assigned priorities with respect to the use of raw materials and transportation facilities 2) controlled inflation by rationing 3) imposed ceilings on wage increases 4) saw to it that no hiring discrimination was used against blacks seeking employment in war industries a) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 b) A-1, Bi2, C-3, D-4 c) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 d) A-3, Bi2, C-1, D-4 e) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

b

17. Big-government intervention got its biggest boost from a) the New Deal b) World War II c) the Depression d) World War I e) the Cold War

b

28. The Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic by doing all of the following except a) escorting convoys of merchants' vessels b) organizing Allied "wolf packs" to chase down German U-boats c) dropping depth charges from destroyers d) bombing submarine bases e) deploying the new technology of radar

b

29. Hitler's advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of Battle of ________________, after which his fortunes gradually declined. a) the Bulge b) Stalingrad c) Monte Casino d) Britain e) El Alamein

b

35. After the Italian surrender in August, 1943, a) the Allies found it easy to conquer Rome and the rest of Italy b) the Soviets accepted the wisdom of delaying the invasion of France and pursuing the second front in Italy c) the British demanded the restoration of the monarchy in Italy d) the Americans withdrew from Italy to prepare for D-Day e) the German army poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance

b

39. In a sense, Franklin Roosevelt was the "forgotten man" at the Democratic Convention in 1944 because a) so much attention was focused on who would gain the vice presidency b) he remained in Washington, D.C., to conduct the war c) poor health prevented him from taking an active role d) the issue of a fourth term was prominent e) vice president Henry Wallace controlled the convention

b

13. The employment of more than six million women in American industry during World War II led to a) equal pay for men and women b) a greater percentage of American women in war industries than anywhere else in the world c) the establishment of day-care centers by the government d) a reduction in employment for black males e) a strong desire of most women to work for wages

c

18. The northward migration of African-Americans accelerated after World War II because a) the southern system of sharecropping was declared illegal b) Latinos had replaced blacks in the work force c) Mechanical cotton pickers came into use d) northern cities repealed segregation laws e) the South made it clear that they were not wanted

c

23. The first naval battle in history in which all of the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of a) Leyte Gulf b) the Java Sea c) the Coral Sea d) Midway e) Iwo Jima

c

25. The Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942 in their attempt to control much of the Pacific when they a) failed to take the Philippines b) unsuccessfully attacked the oil-rich Dutch East Indies c) overextended themselves instead of digging in and consolidating their gains d) sent their submarine force on a suicide mission at the Battle of Midway e) attacked Alaska and the Australia

c

4. Japanese-Americans were placed in concentration camps during World War II a) due to numerous acts of sabotage b) in retaliation for the placement of Americans in concentration camps by the Japanese c) as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and fear d) because many were loyal to Japan e) all of the above

c

1. As World War II began for the United States in 1941, President Roosevelt a) led a seriously divided nation into the conflict b) endorsed the same kind of government persecution of German-Americans as Wilson had in World War I c) called the American people to the same kind of idealistic crusade with the same rhetoric that Wilson had used in World War I d) decided to concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war on hold e) declared that the first strategic goal was recovery from Pearl Harbor

d

11. While American workers, on the whole, were committed to the war effort, several unions went on strike. The most prominent was the a) Teamsters b) Amalgamated Meat Packers c) Longshoremen d) United Mine Workers e) Industrial Workers of the World

d

19. During World War II, American Indians a) demanded that President Roosevelt end discrimination in defense industries b) rarely enlisted in the armed forces c) moved south to replace African-American laborers d) moved off reservations in large numbers e) promoted recovery of tribal languages

d

26. In waging war against Japan, the United States relied on a strategy of a) heavy bombing from Chinese air bases b) invading Japanese strongholds in Southeast Asia c) fortifying China by transporting supplies from India over the Himalayan "hump" d) "island hopping" across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds e) turning the Japanese flanks in New Guinea and Alaska

d

32. President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced at their wartime conference in Casablanca that their principal war aim was to a) destroy the last remnants of European imperialism b) promote the national independence of all European nations c) contain the postwar power of the Soviet Union d) force the unconditional surrender of both Germany and Japan e) create an effective postwar Atlantic alliance

d

38. The cross-channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in Europe was commanded by General a) George Patton b) Dwight Eisenhower c) Douglas MacArthur d) Bernard Montgomery e) Omar Bradley

d

6. In the 1800s the Japanese government drove many Japanese farmers off their land by a) confiscating property for military bases b) forcing them to work in factories c) conscripting them into the military d) imposing a steep land tax e) refusing to let them grow rice

d

8. When the U.S. entered World War II in December 1941, a) it took nearly two years for the country to unite b) the conflict soon b3ecame an idealistic crusade for democracy c) the government repudiated the Atlantic Charter d) a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about e) the idea of allying with the Communist Soviet Union was repugnant

d

12. During World War II, a) labor unions declared a self-imposed moratorium on strikes b) unions actively combated racial discrimination c) farm production declined d) for security reasons, the bracero program with Mexico was temporarily halted e) labor unions substantially increased their membership

e

14. The main reason that the majority of women war workers left the labor force at the end of WWII was a) union demands b) employer demands that they quit c) make discrimination on the job d) government requirements to hire veterans e) family obligations

e

20. By the end of World War II, the heart of the United States' African-American community had shifted to a) Florida and the Carolinas b) southern cities c) the Pacific Northwest d) Midwestern small towns e) northern cities

e

22. Most of the money raised to finance World War II came through a) tariff collections b) excise taxes on luxury goods c) raising income taxes d) voluntary contributions e) borrowing

e

27. The conquest of ________________ was especially important, because from there Americans could conduct round-trip bombing raids on the Japanese home islands. a) Guadalcanal b) Wake Island c) New Guinea d) Okinawa e) Guam

e

30. The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because a) they hoped that Germany and the Soviet Union would cripple each other b) men and material were needed more urgently in the Pacific c) the Soviet Union requested a delay until it could join the campaign d) they believed that North Africa was more strategically important e) of British reluctance and lack of adequate shipping

e

41. As a result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, a) Japan stalled an Allied victory b) Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey lost his first naval engagement c) Japan was nearly able to take Australia d) the U.S. could bomb Japan from land bases e) Japan was finished as a naval power

e

44. The "unconditional surrender" policy toward Japan was modified by a) assuring the Japanese that there would be no "war crimes" trials b) guaranteeing that defeated Japan would be treated decently by American occupiers c) agreeing not to drop more than tow atomic bombs on Japan d) agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne e) permitting the Japanese to retain a st5rong army but no real navy

e

7. In the period from 1885 to 1924, Japanese immigrants to the U.S. were a) poorly educated b) primarily from the island of Hokkaido c) some of the poorest people to enter the country d) exclusively farmers e) select representatives of their nation

e