comm 101 ch 9 and 10

supporting materials

The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.

crescendo ending

a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

dissolve ending

a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement

spatial order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

signpost

a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

transitions

word/ phrase that shows speaker has finished thought and moving on to next

internal preview

a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

internal summary

a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points. (reminds you of what you just heard)

preview statement

a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

problem-solution order

a method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem

topical order

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

chronological order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

organized speeches =

enhanced credibility, understandable speech

According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of the speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? Let's pause for a moment to see what we have found thus far. First we have seen that America's criminal justice system does not effectively deter crime. Second we have seen that prison programs to rehabilitate criminals have failed.

internal summary

basic parts of a speech

introduction, body, conclusion

Tips for conclusion

keep eye out for possible concluding material conclude with a bang not a whisper conclusion is about 5 to 10 percent of speech write word for word if need to practice first

According to your textbook, when you are in a formal speaking situation the most effective way of gaining the initial attention of your audience after you walk to the front of the room is

look directly at your audience without saying a word

causual

cause and effect

what is most important when organizing supportive material

that it is relative to main point

Tips for the introduction

-about 10 to 20 percent of speech -be on the lookout for possible intro material -be creative and experiment with different intros -don't worry about exact wording until you finish body -you can write word for word at first and practice before you make you outline - try to make a good first impression

4 objectives of the introduction

1) Get the attention and interest of your audience. 2) Reveal the topic of your speech. 3) Establish your credibility and goodwill. 4) Preview the body of the speech

How many main points should you have?

2/5

rhetorical question

A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected. ( audience answers in their head during speech)

tips for main points

Keep points separate Try for same pattern of wording Balance time devoted to each

2 major functions in conclusion

To let the audience know you are ending the speech. reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea.

which organization pattern are best for informative speeches

chronological, spatial

5 organizational patterns

chronological, spatial, causal, problem-solution, topical

When you need to make sure an audience has the information necessary to understand the body of your speech, your preview statement in the introduction might include a

definition

which organization pattern are best for persuasive speeches

problem solving,

strategic organization

putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience

ways to end conclusion

reinforce central idea summarize speech end with quotations make dramatic statement refer to intro

methods used to get attention

relate topic to audience state importance of topic startle audience spark curiosity question audience begin with quotations tell a story use visual aids

Goodwill

the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind

once you have main points what can you begin working on

the body

credibility

the quality of being trusted and believed in

most effective order of main points depend on three things

topic, purpose audience

which organizational pattern is used mostly

topical

which organizational pattern is use for both info and persuasive speeches

topical, casual

4 speech connectives

transitions, internal preview, internal summaries, sign posts