speech test 2 part 2
advocacy websites
is a website with the major purpose of raising awareness or persuading people to act
general search engine
is an internet search engine that allows you to enter keywords and find related websites
general search engines
is an internet search engine that allows you to enter keywords and find related websites
subject directory
is an organized list of links to websites on specific topics
responsible knowledge
is comprehensive knowledge of a topic area that includes major features and issues, expert opinions, latest developments and local applications, relevance to listeners, and opposing views
hypothetical example
is not real, but is representative of actual people, situations, or events
objective information
is the criterion for evaluating whether or not a source provides an unbiased or balanced perspective
free form
no specific rules of rhyme, meter, or length, also called free verse.
accuracy
the criterion for evaluating the correctness of information by checking it against other information
authority
the criterion for evaluating the credentials of a source
objectivity
the criterion for evaluating whether or not a source provides an unbiased or balanced perspective
you will most likely digress into reading
Why should you avoid speaking from a formal outline?
master narrative
A speech structured around a story that reveals some important truth
encourages others to take you seriously
Why are supporting information and materials important to public speaking?
to keep your speech in order
Why is outlining an important part of structuring a speech?
- description vividly recreate the topic for the audience - description employ colorful language - demonstration show an orderly sequence of steps - demonstration benefit from presentation aids - explanation call for clear definitions of important terms - explanation benefit from good examples - explanation can make effective use of analogies
What are the principles of effective speech structure and what is important about each?
- select good topics - use your time well - good organization - provide colorful, striking content - put a lot of energy into your presentation
What are the qualities that help determine "informative value"?
- description.... - demonstration... - explanation...
What are the types of informative speeches and be able to recognize an example of each
- expand our knowledge and understanding of the world - learn skills that are beneficial or enjoyable - understand the nature, workings, and implications of important aspects of the phenomena
What basic human needs does Informative speaking address?
to rephrase or summarize the words of others
What does it mean to paraphrase something?
- the main features or issues of your topic - the most respected authorities on your topic and what they say about it - the latest developments and local applications - how your topic might affect the lives of listeners - on controversial topics, the opposing views
What does responsible knowledge include?
make the audience think
What is a rhetorical question designed to do?
to turn information into knowledge when we share it and explain its meaning and significance to others
What is the essence of informative speaking?
balance
What principle of effective speech structure suggests that all major parts of a speech should receive appropriate development?
- is my topic significant enough to merit an informative speech? - what do my listeners already know about my topic? - what more do they need to know to accomplish my purpose? - do i understand my topic well enough to help my audience understand it?
What should you consider regarding the informative value of your speech topic?
body
Which part of the speech should be the longest?
narrative
Which supporting material is best for getting your audience to feel emotions?
probe
a question that ask a person to elaborate on a response
narratives
a story that illustrates the ideas or theme of a speech
information website
a website designed to provide factual information on a subject
advocacy website
a website with the major purpose of raising awareness or persuading people to act
quoting out of context
avoid ___________________, an unethical use of a quotation that changes or distorts its original meaning
examples
are incidents that illustrate a speakers points
embedded narratives
are stories inserted within speeches that illustrate the speakers points
factual example
are the most effective type, as they are based on something that actually happened or really existed
prestige testimony
citing the words of an admired public figure or text
expert testimony
citing the words of people (or institutions) qualified by training or experience to speak as authorities on a subject
lay testimony
citing the words or views of ordinary people on a subject
interference
conclusions derived from events and factual information
documents file
contain articles downloaded from search engines or pages you scanned into your computer
subject file
contain the precise info you discover and gather while conducting your research
source file
contains complete information for citing your consulted sources on your bibliography
research log
is a file in which you jot down ideas, list key terms, and prioritize readings
metasearch engine
is a search tool that compiles results from multiple search engines
information websites
is a website designed to provide factual information on a subject
fact
descriptive statements that can be verified as true or false by independent observation or by experts
opinion
expressions of personal evaluation and conviction
statistics
facts measured mathematically
disinformation
have been willfully fabricated or distorted beyond reason in order to advance a hidden agenda
- keep careful records throughout your research process - ask instructor or librarian when u don't know how to cite a source - take good notes that document your sources, have your own ideas and info from your sources - always cite when you have quotes, record quotations accurately - do not quote or paraphrase others out of context - when in doubt cite your sources - run your completed work through an online plagiarism checker
how to avoid accidental plagiarism
accidental plagiarism
includes various forms of unintentional academic dishonesty due to sloppy research techniques
explanation
informative speech that offers information about nature, workings, and implications of abstract and complex subjects
demonstration
informative speech that show the audience how to do someting
description
informative speech that uses vivid language to illustrate an activity, object, person or place
reluctant testimony
invoking the words of sources who appear to speak against their own interests
vicarious experience narrative
occur when the speaker invites listeners to imagine themselves enacting a story
peer review
process by which articles in scholarly journals are checked by experts in the field for quality and accuracy before being approved for publication
reinforcer
provides encouragement for the person to communicate further
testimony
refers to citing the words and ideas of others to support a point
mirror question
repeats part of a response to encourage additional discussion
direct quotation
repeats the exact words of others to support a point
paraphrase
rephrases or summarizes the words of others to support a point
supporting materials
the facts and statistics, testimony, examples, and narratives that are the building blocks of substantive speechmaking
reference or research librarians
the most valuable resource in the library
anyone can add info.. not reliably factual
why is wikipedia not accepted as a reliable source
