COMM 230 Final Exam

What logical fallacy is being used: "Councilman Stewart's recommendations for a wind farm might work but do you want to take advice from a man cheating on his wife."?

ad hominem

What logical fallacy is being used: "There is no need to change our company's manufacturing process. Our assembly line has worked for the past 80 years, and it will work just fine for the next 80 years."?

appeal to tradition

A type of communication where a speaker analyzes the audience to determine the content, language usage, and listener expectation.

audience centeredness

What logical fallacy is being used: "The United States is one of the only four countries in the world with a minimum legal drinking age of 21. Clearly we should change our drinking age."?

bandwagon

What logical fallacy is being used: "We can either adopt a year-round school system or raise a nation of second rate intellects."?

either-or

Which of the following is recommended to enhance credibility in a persuasive speech?

ethos - explain competence - establish common ground and good will - speak expressively with conviction

"to persuade my audience that capital punishment is unjust" is a specific purpose statement for persuasive speech on a claim of fact.

false

adapting audiences is one of the easiest tasks facing beginning speakers.

false

because everyone knows that a persuasive speaker's goal is to influence the audience's beliefs or actions, questions of ethics are less important in public speaking than in other kinds of speaking.

false

claims of fact usually include the word "should".

false

in most circumstances, you should keep your visual aids on display throughout your speech.

false

the red herring fallacy is often referred to as a false dilemma.

false

the two major elements of logos are evidence and emotional appeal.

false

wikipedia is usually the only source you need when researching your speeches.

false

What logical fallacy is being used: "My Volkswagon constantly needs repairs, and so does my roommate's Toyota. We can see, then, that foreign cars are unreliable."?

hasty generalization

What is the difference between informative speaking and persuasive speaking?

informative: aim to inform the audience persuasive: aim to persuade the audience to adopt the belief or opinion or perform a certain act

Audience-centeredness means that public speakers should what?

keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process

Because it follows the process of human thinking, [blank] is particularly useful for organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.

monroe's motivated sequence

Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with what three basic issues whenever you discuss a claim of policy?

need, plan, and practicality

Using evidence is especially critical in a persuasive speech when your target audience...

opposes your point of view

What is a speech with the goal of convincing the audience to accept his or her point of view and arranged in a way to cause the audience to accept all of part of the expressed view?

persuasive speaking

What logical fallacy is being used: "of course I have a plan to reduce our dependency on foreign oil when millions of Americans are out of work?"

red herring

What logical fallacy is being used: "If we encourage elementary school students to use computers in the classroom, they will spend less time reading books. As a result, they will fall way behind in developing thinking skills. Pretty soon we will have a generation of illiterates on our hands."?

slippery slope

What is the definition of an ad hominem fallacy?

the technique of attacking someone rather than their beliefs or opinions.

"to persuade my audience that cloning human beings are morally unjustifiable" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a claim of value.

true

"to persuade my audience that federal government should ban all advertising for tobacco products" is a specific purpose for a persuasive speech on a claim of policy.

true

as your textbook explains, academic databases are particularly useful for finding articles in scholarly journals.

true

claims of policy deal with whether something should or should not be done.

true

competence and character are the most important factors affecting a speaker's credibility.

true

establishing common ground with an audience is especially important in the introduction of a persuasive speech.

true

hasty generalization occurs when a speaker draws a general conclusion on the basis of two few specific instances or instances that are atypical.

true

if you cannot find the date of which a web document was created or last modified, you are better off looking for a different source.

true

in most circumstances, a speaker should avoid passing visual aids among the audience.

true

monroe's motivated sequence is most appropriate for speeches that try to persuade listeners to take immediate action.

true

one of the reasons to use evidence when speaking to persuade is that it can enhance your credibilty.

true

the bandwagon fallacy assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, and desirable.

true

the either-or fallacy is often referred to as a false dilemma.

true

the process of audience analysis and adaptation affects every aspect of speech preparation from choosing a topic to delivering a speech.

true

when speaking to persuade, you need to think of your speech as a kind of mental dialogue with your audience.

true

when you discuss a claim of policy, you must deal with three basic issues- need, plan, and practicality.

true

If you can't identify the author of a document on the internet, the textbook recommends doing what?

try to find the organization that sponsered

What is a good way to clarify statistical trends?

using visual aids and presenting stats

Using vivid imagery is crucial to what step in Monroe's motivated sequence?

visualization

When using a visual aid, you should display the aid...

where everyone can see it

What are the ethical obligations that persuasive speakers are to follow?

- be fully prepared for your speech - make sure goals are ethically sound - be honest in what you say - avoid name calling and other abusive language - put ethical principles into practice

What are the five steps of Monroe's motivated sequence?

1. attention 2. need 3. satisfaction 4. visualization 5. call to action

Which of the following is an instance of public speaking?

An architectural firm recommending adoption of its building plan