Communication 130
Vocalic qualities include which of the following?
- pitch -rate of talking - conversational rhythm
Which statement is true about cultural differences in territoriality?
-Cultures can differ in the range of possible places or spaces about which they are territorial. -Cultures can differ in the general degree of territoriality that its members tend to exhibit. -Cultures can differ in the typical reactions to invasions or contaminations of the territory that are exhibited.
Which of the following is/are true of a monochronic time system?
-Time is viewed as a commodity. -Things should be done one at a time. -Time is segmented into precise, small units.
The contact hypothesis theory describes includes which conditions that are likely to lead to positive attitudes as a result of intercultural communication?
-When someone has support from the higher status individuals. -When those involved have a personal stake in the outcome. -When intercultural contacts are constructive. -When the outcome achieved is beneficial to all parties involved in the interaction.
Which time system includes agreements among the members of a culture on important issues such as the extent to which time is regarded as valuable and tangible?
-none of these formal time systems informal time systems technical time systems
Given that all cultures have distinct beliefs, values, norms, and social practices, it follows that
-symbols do not have universal interpretations -the interpretations will not have the same degree of favorability -symbols do not have universal interpretations
Rules of interaction include which of the following?
-what to wear -what is acceptable to talk about -the sequence of events
Display rules govern
-when various nonverbal expressions are required, preferred, permitted, or prohibited -when and how often to look at others in the conversation and when to look away. -how far apart people should stand while talking
Assimilation into a new culture will occur when an individual
-wishes to take on the values and beliefs of a new culture -deems it relatively unimportant to maintain his or her original cultural identity. - believes it important to establish ties with other cultures.
Which is NOT one of the universal aspects of nonverbal communication identified in the text?
24 - 36 inches of personal space
Which of the following has/have an effect on the intercultural communication events in which one participates?
A) Feelings B) Intentions C) Skills
The term face refers to
A) a social image. B) an impression held by others C) desired favorable social attributes.
Which of the following need to be taken into consideration to develop interpersonal and intercultural competence?
A) behaviors that are deemed proper and suitable by the culture of people B) the constraints of the specific situation C) the nature of the relationship between the interactants
Emotional consequences of uncertainty and anxiety management may include
A) increased levels of self-disclosure B) heightened interpersonal attraction. C) more frequent nonverbal displays of positive emotions.
Competence in developing and maintaining intercultural relationships requires which of the following?
A) knowledge of differences B) a willingness to consider and try alternatives C) the skill to enact alternative relational dynamics
Which is an example of culture-specific knowledge?
A)Knowledge about the forces that maintain the culture's uniqueness. B)Knowledge about the predominant cultural patterns. C)Knowledge about the specific customs that govern interpersonal communication in a culture.
__________ defines how the people of a culture view human events and the expression of self through one's deeds.
Activity orientation
Lustig and Koester describe seven interactions among individuals. Whose interaction did they label as most intercultural on the continuum of interculturalness?
Anibal and Dele when they first arrived in the United States.
The authors discussed five types of changes in perceptions and behaviors that most likely occur as a relationship moves from an initial acquaintance to a close friendship. Which of the following was NOT listed by the authors?
As a result of increased time together, the people will begin having minor to major conflicts to handle.
In what country do family's live in compounds where four generations contribute to members financial security health care, day care, education, and spiritual identity making it difficult to leave?
Bali
Which term reflects a political and social consciousness of Mexican-Americans?
Chicano/Chicana
What does it mean when the book refers to communication as a transactional process?
Communication is a process in which all participants work together to create meaning.
In the article, The Meaning of Culture, what did the author mean when he wrote, "Culture may be pulling itself apart from the inside, but it represents, in its way, a wish"?
Culture in the United States could come to mean a collective attitude of individuals and institutions that seek to further everyone's individual growth
From the list below, which value is emphasized in a feminine focused culture according to Hofstede's taxonomy?
Defining less prescriptive roles behaviors for women and men.
How does Smriti Aggarwal's describes being bi-cultral in her essay?
Difficult
A term used to refer to a wide variety of groups who share a language, historical origins, religious traditions, and identification with a cultural system is
Ethnicity
Which statement does NOT apply to all cultures, according to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck?
Every member of a culture must agree with and abide by one solution to each problem.
"Becoming" is the dominant characteristic of European Americans.
False
A belief is how a group of people determines what it regards as important.
False
A culture's social relations orientation has little effect on the style of interpersonal communication that is most preferred by its members.
False
Activation behaviors are those that convey a sense of closeness, that communicate interpersonal warmth and accessibility, and that encourage others to approach.
False
An example of an unconscious process in the communication model is speaking.
False
An interpersonal relationship with large status differences among the participants is not likely to be face-threatening.
False
Aversive racism is based on the fear that one's basic values are threatened by members of another cultural group.
False
Communication often breaks down between people.
False
Cultural patterns are consciously taught in academic-type settings.
False
Culture exists solely in people's minds.
False
Cultures that subscribe to planning and goal setting for people to accomplishs miracles, change, and grow value a past orientation according to KLuckhohn and Strodtbeck.
False
Social identity refers to one's sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.
False
The cultural identity search stage is characterized by a clear, confident acceptance of oneself.
False
The cultural pattern of self-orientation is found in only those cultures that value independence and individuality.
False
The display of respect is the only BASIC skill that is demonstrated similarly by all cultures.
False
The forces that promote cultural differences are largely independent of each other.
False
The outgroup homogeneity effect results in a tendency to regard all members of a particular group as much more different from one another than they actually are.
False
The similarity-attraction hypothesis suggests that we like people who are less similar to ourselves but that we find more attractive than ourselves.
False
The statement, "Kathryn is late for everything" best denotes the "description" tool in the Interaction Tool Model (D-I-E).
False
The term beliefs refer to what a group of people defines as good and bad or what is regarded as important.
False
The word "comforted" contains three morphemes.
False
There are a wide range of cultural expectations for acquaintances and friendships but not for romantic relationships.
False
There is a prescribed set of characteristics that one can learn to guarantee competence in a broad range of intercultural contexts.
False
Uncertainty reduction strategies do not come into play in relationships that are moving from an acquaintance to friendship.
False
When Kathi refers to Brad's ethnicity, she is referring to his skin color.
False
When individuals neither retain their cultural heritage or maintain positive contacts with other groups, seclusion has occurred.
False
World orientation describes how people's identities are formed.
False
The unique experiences that are a part of a culture's collective wisdom are a culture's
History
The ____________ context refers to the expectations people have about behaviors of others based on the relationship between them.
Interpersonal
The belief that humans are subjugated to nature is largely held by ___________ cultures.
Latino
Which theory suggests individuals who do not belong to a dominant group are often silenced by a lack of opportunity to express their experiences, perceptions, and worldviews?
Muted group theory
Which term refers to rules for appropriate communication behaviors within a culture?
Norms
The ____________ context includes the actual location of the interactants.
Physical
__________ occurs when members of a more politically and economically powerful cultural group do NOT want to have contact with certain cultural groups.
Segregation
How a person's identity is formed relates to which cultural orientation described by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck?
Self-orientation
Which statement will help you use your knowledge of nonverbal communication to improve your intercultural competence?
Skillful interpretation includes observation of general tendencies; therefore, focus on what the members of the other culture prefer and the ways in which they typically behave.
Which term stands for or represents a unit of meaning?
Symbol
Communication is defined as
Symbolic A process Involving the creation of shared meanings
How does Laurie Lopez Charles define her cultural background in her essay in Ch. 1?
Tejana
Who ultimately determines whether someone has communicated competently in an intracultural context?
The actual participants in the communicative event.
Which of the following is the best definition for the term code switching?
The choice of language in a particular interaction by people who can speak multiple languages.
What was the issue that US Americans didn't embrace regarding Peter Nwosu's family Igbo tradition?
The men in his family practice polygyny.
Which statement is NOT true about touch?
There is universal agreement on where people can be touched.
A culture's values do not necessarily describe its actual behaviors and characteristics.
True
According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, a culture's orientation to the importance and value of activity can range from passive acceptance of the world to direct intervention.
True
According to the Interaction Tool (D-I-E), descriptive statements allow you to consider alternative hypothesis or interpretations of an event.
True
All cultures have a tendency to be ethnocentric
True
An example of a nonverbal message is how close you stand to another person.
True
Communication is symbolic and requires that people work to create shared meanings with each other.
True
Cultural identities are multifaceted.
True
Cultures that emphasize formality are more likely to adhere to a hierarchical social relations structure during interactions.
True
During the unexamined cultural identity stage, one's cultural characteristics are taken for granted.
True
Friendships usually occur between people who see themselves as similar in some important ways and who belong to the same social class.
True
In intercultural communication, the degree to which a person can predict another's behavior is decreased.
True
In the African and African American worldview, human beings live in an interactive state with the natural and spiritual world.
True
Lustig and Koester suggest that the terms subculture and co-culture are problematic and should not be used.
True
Many people who speak multiple languages switch their linguistic codes based on the culture and gender of their conversational partners.
True
Personal identity refers to one's unique characteristics, which may differ from those of others in their cultural group.
True
The term "intracultural" refers to communication between culturally similar individuals.
True
Regarding something as good or bad, clean or dirty, or fair or unfair, is an example of a
Value
According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, which of the following is NOT a question that each culture must address?
What is the relationship of humans to space?
Which of the following can be a symbol?
Words Actions Objects
How a person measures her/his self in relation to the spiritual world, nature, and other living things relates to which cultural orientation described by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck?
World orientation
Distinguishable marks of pronunciation are called
accents
The competent intercultural communicator
acknowledges the existence of negative feelings about other cultures.
What is the preferred term for the process that takes place when an individual goes through changes as a result of intercultural contacts?
adaptation
The stereotyping error called the outgroup homogeneity effect occurs when
all members of a particular group are regarded as much more similar to each other than they actually are
Which term refers to a specialized language that is used by a large group within a culture to define their boundaries from others who are perceived as holding more powerful positions in society?
argot
What kind of racism is expressed when an individual is friendly to a culturally different co-worker but ignores this same co-worker at a social gathering?
aversive racism
People with a(n) __________ orientation are predisposed to think of ways to change themselves as a means of changing the world.
becoming
The Behavioral Assessment Scale for Intercultural Competence (BASIC) is based on the premise that others will determine a person's level of intercultural competence by focusing on
behaviors
A person who has a competent interaction posture is able to respond to others without
being judgmental
What are the four components of cultural patterns?
beliefs, values, norms, and social practices
Which term describes the range of topics that are revealed during self disclosure?
breadth
Interpersonal communication typically involves
clearly identified participants.
Meanings that are more personal, emotionally charged, private, and specific to a particular person are called
connotative meanings
Which of the following are the three primary dimensions used by people throughout the world to interpret interpersonal communication messages?
control, affiliation, and activation
Which three kinds of face needs are suggested by Tae-Seop Lim?
control, approval, and admiration
Which term typically refers to studying comparisons of interactions among people of different cultures?
cross-cultural communication
One's sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group is called one's
cultural identity
Shared interpretations about what the world is, what it should be, how people should behave, and people's predictable behavior patterns are called
cultural patterns
Hofstede's indulgence versus self-restraint dimension implies that
cultures high on restraint discourage excess consumption.
According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, the extent to which a culture encourages a sense of responsibly for other members depends on where it is placed on a continuum of
dependence/independence
A statement that has NOT been distorted by opinion is
descriptive.
Versions of a language with distinctive vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, which are spoken by particular groups of people within specific geographical regions, are called
dialects
The ability to show positive regard for another person is the BASIC skill
display of respect
The term used to describe nonverbal behaviors that have a direct verbal counterpart is
emblems
The tendency to use the categories and values of one's own culture to evaluate the actions of others is called
ethnocentrism
According to the D.I.E. model, the claim, "His behavior offends me" is a statement of
evaluation.
To those who have never learned of the Internet, an attempt to translate the sentence "Tonight I'm going to surf the web" will likely have problems with _________ equivalence.
experiential
Cultural identity search refers to the
exploration of one's culture in order to understand the implications of membership.
According to Taylor's definition, racism can only happen at the institutional level.
false
Communication scholars believe that all intercultural contacts are beneficial.
false
Culture shock can only occur when a person enters an unfamiliar cultural environment.
false
Cultures high on uncertainty avoidance will tend to tolerate dissent.
false
Members of collectivistic cultures do not draw a strong distinction between ingroup and outgroup members
false
People process nonverbal messages with more awareness than they process verbal messages.
false
Re-entry shock happens when an individual leaves home and lives in another country for more than one month.
false
The knowledge function of prejudices helps people to maintain their sense of self-esteem.
false
The meanings of nonverbal messages are usually more precise than are those of verbal codes.
false
The study of body movements is known as proxemics.
false
When visiting a different culture, people should never behave in a way that displays their own cultural identity.
false
The author's write that people organize their perceptions of their environment. Which aspect of the environment refers to the heightened sense of decorum and politeness?
formality
Because the Hopi language lacks verb tenses, translating from Hopi to English will likely have problems with _________ equivalence.
grammatical-syntactical
High-context cultures place greater emphasis on
group membership
According to Hall's Low - High Context Taxonomy, which cultural context rely heavily on nonverbal code systems?
high context cultures
According to Hofstede, cultures that believe people should be judged on the basis of their achievements tend to have
high masculinity scores
Cultures that develop in warm climates are characterized by
higher levels of interpersonal involvement.
The study of pragmatics focuses on
how language is actually used
The term used to describe nonverbal behaviors that are used to emphasize, explain, or support words or phrases is
illustrators
High-context cultures transmit messages whose meanings are
implied from the physical surroundings
Cultural relativism is the belief that
individual cultures must be judged within their own set of values.
Which dimension of Hofstede's taxonomy focuses on the degree to which a culture relies on the allegiance to the self or a group?
individualism vs collectivism
What kind of racism inhibits Latinos/Latinas and African Americans from being admitted to certain public schools and universities?
institutional
The settings or situations within which social episodes occur are called
interaction contexts
The recurring, repetitive topics that people talk about in social conversations are called
interaction scenes
Which is NOT a component of social episodes?
interaction treaties
Which information-gathering strategy to reduce the level of uncertainty actually involves conversing with the other person?
interactive
Cultural patterns play a vital role in shaping judgments about
intercultural competence
When individuals move beyond the feelings and behaviors of their own cultures and incorporate other cultural realities, a process of __________ takes place.
intercultural personhood
What are the four spatial zones identified by Edward Hall that affect communication?
intimate, personal, social, and public
As one of the three primary dimensions used by people throughout the world to interpret interpersonal communication messages, affiliation
is used by members of a culture to interpret the degree of friendliness and social warmth.
Time is highly structured in low-context cultures because
it takes more effort for people to understand each others' messages.
A set of words or terms that are shared by those with a common profession or experience is called
jargon
Nonverbal codes can be used to fulfill which of the following functions?
managing impressions and regulating interactions.
Which of the following is an example of a competent relational role behavior?
mediating conflicts
The smallest units of meaning in a language are called
morphemes
What term refers to a government's set of formal and legal mechanisms that have been established to regulate the political behavior of its people?
nation
The term "Hispanic" refers to
native speakers of the Spanish language with Spanish surnames.
The term that refers to socially shared expectations of appropriate behaviors is
norms
Competent interpersonal relationships among people from different cultures
occur as a result of the knowledge and perceptions that people have about one another.
The term dominant culture can be perceived negatively by people in the United States because it might suggest that
one culture is superior to other cultures
Which one of the BASIC skills is reflected in the statement "I find New York a difficult place to visit"?
orientation to knowledge
Low-context messages are
overt
The three general strategies to gain information and reduce the level of uncertainty are
passive, active, and interactive
A consequence of stereotyping is that often
people will expect all members of a group to behave in a particular way.
Beliefs that refer to matters of personal likes and dislikes are called
peripheral beliefs
The basic sound units of language are called
phonemes
People who ignore evidence that is not consistent with their own viewpoint may be called
prejudiced
Interpretation refers to the:
process of orally moving from one language code to another
One benefit of interaction within one's own culture is that it
reduces uncertainty.
In Chapter 5, Lustig and Koester caution cultural taxonomies are a guide and that "individual members of a culture may vary greatly from the pattern that is typical of that culture." Based on this idea, they propose that you do what?
reflect on how your own culture fits into the pattern.
Syntactic is concerned with the
relationship of the words to one another in a particular language
The study of the meaning of words is called
semantics.
According to the "softer" version of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, language ___________ someone's pattern of thinking.
shapes and influences
Countries low on power distance, such as Denmark and Israel, tend to believe that power
should only be used for legitimate purposes
The term that refers to the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typically follow is
social practices
A verbal code is a set of rules about the use of words in the creation of
spoken or written messages
Fears that the outgroup will achieve economic or social success, along with a simultaneous loss of economic or social status by the ingroup, is an example of
symbolic racism
What does an idiosyncratic interpretation for nonverbal behavior mean?
that nonverbal behaviors are unique to specific individuals or relationships.
When a person acts deviantly, it most often means that
the person is often disliked and is regarded as interpersonally unattractive.
The self orientation of a culture, as described by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, refers to
the responsibilities that individuals have to others.
Which human information process presents an obstacle to intercultural competence?
the simplification of information
Which dimension of Hofstede's taxonomy focuses on the degree to which a culture considers long term and short term issues of life and work.
time orientation
A universal aspect of nonvebal communication is the need to be territorial.
true
According to Hofstede's theory, masculine cultures believe in achievement and ambition.
true
Affect displays may be unconscious and unintentional, such as a startled look of surprise, a blush of embarrassment, or dilated pupils due to pleasure or interest.
true
Cultural patterns are best understood as a unique whole rather than as an isolated characteristic of a specific culture.
true
Eric Weiner in his "Cultural Connection" essay asserts that the food chain, McDonald's, hasn't changed India, but Indai has changed McDonald's.
true
Highly individualistic cultures believe that people are only supposed to take care of themselves and perhaps their immediate families.
true
In low-context cultures, messages tend to be direct and explcit.
true
In order to improve intercultural competence, each person must examine the various ways in which he or she stereotypes and categorizes people.
true
Logic is culturally relative.
true
Most forms of nonverbal communication can be interpreted only within the framework of the culture in which they occur.
true
One universal value that David Kale argues for is the protection of the worth and dignity of the human spirit.
true
The process of adaptation includes physical, biological, and social changes.
true
The process of stereotyping is a necessary human function.
true
The term discrimination refers to the behavioral manifestations of one's prejudice.
true
The time orientation dimension refers to a person's point of reference about life and work.
true
Which dimension of Hofstede's taxonomy focuses on the degree to which a culture feels threatened by ambiguous situations?
uncertainty avoidance
What must an individual do in order to escape the negative consequences of ethnocentrism?
understand the forces that shape individual cultures.
Translation refers to the
use of verbal signs of one language to make sense of the verbal signs in another language.
Which term refers to whether a value is seen as positive or negative?
valence
It has been said that there is no word for "efficiency" in Russian, so attempts to translate this word from English to Russian will likely have problems with _________ equivalence.
vocabulary
