Community Health Exam 1 - Ch. 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 15, 16

According to the National Assessment of Adult Health Literacy. What percentage of adults in the United States have proficient health literacy skills? a. 5% b. 8% c. 12% e. 15%

c. 12%

The community and public health nurse is preparing a care plan for a client in the community. What factors in the community environment should the nurse consider that can affect a client's potential for health and wellness? (Select all that apply.) a. Level of safety to walk or play outside b. Size of health care facilities c. Access to fresh foods and groceries d. Distance between individual homes e. Air quality and number of pollutants

c. Access to fresh foods and groceries , e. Air quality and number of pollutants , a. Level of safety to walk or play outside , b. Size of health care facilities

Which outreach method includes the nurse reaching out to individuals and families through home visits, churches, or school meetings? a. Public outreach b. Media and social media c. Direct outreach d. Missionary work

c. Direct outreach

Which is true of epidemiological studies? a. Epidemiological studies are a guaranteed way to obtain conclusive results. b. Epidemiological studies are reliably time-efficient to conduct. c. Epidemiological studies are often impeded by the limited availability of data. d. Epidemiological studies are known for providing a complete picture of how multiple contaminants may sicken people.

c. Epidemiological studies are often impeded by the limited availability of data.

Which nurse was the first to use biostatistics to identify patterns of disease, injury, and death for preventative health purposes? a. Clara Barton b. Lillian Wald c. Florence Nightingale d. Mary Breckinridge

c. Florence Nightingale

The community health nurse has identified a high rate of obesity in school-age children within the community. The nurse completes a community assessment and finds the median income in the area is $28,000 for a family of four. In what interrelated system will the nurse document this finding? a. Physical environment b. Social support networks c. Income and social status d. Health services

c. Income and social status

While working in a reproductive health clinic, the nurse notices a significant increase in chlamydia infections among Hmong teenagers. The nurse began to make some initial inquiries of the Hmong community members about sexual health practices. What type of study is the nurse engaging in? a. Indirect statistical b. Scientific inquiry c. Informal observational d. Direct participation

c. Informal observational

The nurse wants to use an experimental study to determine the effects of exposure to a chemical that is a suspected carcinogen. Which is true of experimental studies in epidemiology? a. They are the most widely used type of study. b. They are relatively easy to set up due to access to participants. c. It is unethical to expose a person to an environmental risk. d. They are acceptable if the exposed group gets health benefits.

c. It is unethical to expose a person to an environmental risk.

What characteristic will the nurse consider when developing interventions for an aggregate group? a. Individuals live in the same geographical areas. b. The group shares the same health resources. c. People may not interact with each other. d. Group individuals have values and beliefs in common.

c. People may not interact with each other.

A nurse working in the immunization clinic is performing research to determine if there has been a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19 since COVID-19 vaccines began to be administered in the community. In which step of the epidemiological process is the nurse involved? a. Identifying health problems and needs b. Activities and approaches to resolution c. Planning, implementing, and evaluating d. Data collection and analysis

c. Planning, implementing, and evaluating

A client who is employed at a local, large manufacturing plant has an appointment at the clinic. What type of insurance plan would the intake nurse expect the client to have? a. No insurance for a health care b. Publicly mandated, privately funded insurance c. Privately funded insurance d. Publicly funded insurance

c. Privately funded insurance

A public health nurse is assigned a new area. In order to become more familiar with the area, the nurse will collect data regarding the health of the community. What sources of existing data will the nurse use to gather initial health-related data about the community? (Select all that apply.) a. Hospital records b. Vital statistics c. Reportable diseases d. Census data e. Disease registries

c. Reportable diseases , e. Disease registries , b. Vital statistics

A client is considering the options available for their child's health insurance coverage in the marketplace provided by the Affordable Care Act, but the client is worried because the child has a preexisting diagnosis of diabetes. What should the nurse tell the client about preexisting conditions and the Affordable Care Act? a. Preexisting conditions are only considered by insurance companies when the person has had a recent hospitalization. b. The preexisting condition may cause insurance premiums and co-payments to be higher. c. The Affordable Care Act requires insurance companies to cover an individual regardless of preexisting conditions. d. The marketplace puts insurance companies in competition with one another, so they do not consider preexisting conditions

c. The Affordable Care Act requires insurance companies to cover an individual regardless of preexisting conditions.

A school nurse has determined there may be an outbreak of salmonella within the school and possibly the community. Who would the school nurse contact to report the possible outbreak? a. The state public health nurse b. The school nurse supervisor c. The local health department d. The local emergency room

c. The local health department

The organizational structure and financial stability of the agency should allow the mission statement or __________ to be realized.

Philosophy

__________ is the logical decision-making process used to design an orderly, detailed series of actions for accomplishing specific goals and objectives.

Planning

__________ is the process by which a group is severely split into two or more factions over a political issue.

Polarization

__________ is defined as the art and science of government.

Politics

The term __________ marketing refers to "influencing the behavior of target audiences."

Social

What intervention addresses the creation of alliances among groups of people in the community aligned toward a common purpose of well-being? a. Collaboration b. Coalition-building c. Consultation d. Community organizing

b. Coalition-Building

Rogers' Model of the Science Of Unitary Human Beings focuses on the interaction between individuals and their __________.

Environment

A nonprofit organization means that the organization was established to earn a profit. True/False

False

Advocacy is an outcome. True/False

False

Health policies are only regulatory. True/False

False

Partnerships are __________ between people (and agencies) that support a joint purpose.

Agreements

__________ assessment focuses on the strengths and capacities of a community rather than its problems.

Assets

__________ uses continuous, collaborative, and systematic processes for measuring and examining internal programs' strengths and weaknesses.

Benchmarking

A(n) __________ is an alliance of individuals or groups that work together to influence the outcomes of a specific problem.

Coalition

In community health nursing, the unit of care is the individual. True/False

False

Reinforcing factors are antecedents to behavior that provide the rationale or motivation for the behavior. True/False

False

__________ is the process of assisting communities to come together to express their values and ideas to those outside the community.

Empowerment

__________ factors promote or facilitate the behavior based on availability.

Enabling

__________ indicators of client outcomes are the quantitative measures of a client's response to care.

Quality

An outcome of effective community-level nursing practice is community development. True or False

True

Implementation of health policy occurs when an individual, group, or community puts the policy into use. True/False

True

Quality indicators are part of the broader quality management program and are used to determine goal achievement. True/False

True

Status is the most common measure of health of a community. True/False

True

Summative evaluation focuses on the outcome of the interventions. True/False

True

The basis of social marketing is similar to product marketing to consumers. True/False

True

The final product of legislative and regulatory processes is usually the result of compromise. True/False

True

The outcomes or results of care are the desired effect of the structure and the processes. True/False

True

The pursuit of personal agendas over the common good results in a piecemeal approach to problems and promotes polarization. True/False

True

Theories and models of community/public health nursing aid the nurse in understanding the rationale behind community-oriented care. True/False

True

To what historic public health achievements have community and public health nurses contributed? (Select all that apply.) a. Implementation of sanitation laws and policies b. A decrease in the spread of infectious diseases c. Improvements in family planning and education d. First to identify sanitation as a source of disease e. An increase in healthier mothers and babies

a. A decrease in the spread of infectious diseases , e. An increase in healthier mothers and babies , c. Improvements in family planning and education

A comprehensive assessment must consider the entire community and the various populations living in the community. Which example indicates a comprehensive assessment consideration? a. Adults and children living within 10 miles of the center of town b. Participants of the local YMCA c. Adult males who live in the particular county under assessment d. Individuals with heart disease

a. Adults and children living within 10 miles of the center of town

Which are strategies from the Public Health Intervention Wheel? (Select all that apply.) a. Advocacy b. Screening c. Case management d. Planning e. Health Teaching

a. Advocacy b. Screening c. Case management e. Health Teaching

Which statements reflect the situation of pregnancy among adolescents in the case study from Montrose High School? (Select all that apply.) a. Before the intervention, Montrose students experienced lower birth weight and higher infant mortality rates than the state overall. b. After the intervention, Montrose students experienced more than double the access to prenatal care for pregnant students. c. Before the intervention, the principal and parents were supportive of the school nurse's health plans. d. After the intervention, Montrose students experienced a reduction in the rate of infant mortality and low birth weight to even out with state averages. e. After the intervention, Montrose students experienced a decline in the number of births to adolescents under 16.

a. Before the intervention, Montrose students experienced lower birth weight and higher infant mortality rates than the state overall., b. After the intervention, Montrose students experienced more than double the access to prenatal care for pregnant students., d. After the intervention, Montrose students experienced a reduction in the rate of infant mortality and low birth weight to even out with state averages.

The public health nurse is performing a community assessment. Which community-specific factors will the nurse consider when performing this assessment? a. Boundaries b. Global influences such as foreign trade c. Internal influences such as the local economy d. Physical characteristics e. purpose of the community

a. Boundaries , d. Physical characteristics , c. Internal influences such as the local economy , e. Purpose of the community

Which epidemiologic causal attribution model was too linear in scope to adequately analyze patterns in disease and wellness? a. Chain of causation b. Causation of noninfectious disease c. Triad d. Multiple causation

a. Chain of causation

What are the levels of focused practice as noted on the Public Health Intervention Wheel? (Select all that apply.) Nurse-focused practice a. Community-focused practice b. Systems-focused practice c. Provider-focused practice d. Individual-focused practice

a. Community-focused practice, b. Systems-focused practice, d. Individual-focused practice

A public health nurse is providing education to pregnant teenagers on pregnancy nutrition. As part of the education, the nurse also encourages the clients to finish high school and go on to college when possible. What is the rationale for both the nutrition education and encouragement for continued education related to the determinants of health? (Select all that apply.) a. Education on health determinants can facilitate positive action. b. The determinant social support is met by the nutrition class. c. Increased education decreases the likelihood of premature birth. d. Low education levels are associated with poorer health and greater stress. e. Personal biology as a health determinant can be eliminated with education

a. Education on health determinants can facilitate positive action. d. Low education levels are associated with poorer health and greater stress.

The nurse is asked about performing community health interventions. Which is a correct statement? a. Interventions are always based on assessment data. b. Interventions are hindered by community involvement. c. Interventions are rarely improved by stakeholder input. d. Interventions are best performed prior to assessment.

a. Interventions are always based on assessment data.

The community health nurse is using epidemiologic methods to conduct an investigation of a recent Escherichia coli (E. coli)-related sickness causing diarrhea in infants that were fed baby formula. Who investigated the relationship between sanitation and disease? (Select all that apply.) a. Jakob Henle b. Florence Nightingale c. Louis Pasteur d. John Snow e. William Far

a. John Snow b. Florence Nightingale

Which is a true statement about health interventions in specific populations? a. Outreach is an effective strategy for intervening in substance misuse. b. Health teaching is ineffective at reducing chronic illness. c. Health investigation is the best way to stop domestic violence. d. Surveillance has been shown to help those with disabilities cope effectively.

a. Outreach is an effective strategy for intervening in substance misuse.

Which of would be an effective way for the nurse to communicate the dangers of diabetes to introverted clients? a. Pamphlets b. Parades c. Country fairs d. Music in the park

a. Pamphlets

In checking the absentee roster for the day, a school health nurse has found 26 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in a school population of 326, approximately 8%. What type of rate does this measurement represent? a. Prevalence b. Count c. Incidence d. Morbidity

a. Prevalence

The community nurse is performing an assessment on a community related to an identified problem of obesity. Which approach is best to use for this type of community assessment? a. Problem-oriented b. General systems c. Familiarization d. Comprehensive needs

a. Problem-oriented

What is included in health literacy? (Select all that apply.) a. Reading skills b. Cultural literacy c. Musical literacy d. Scientific literacy e. Layman's literacy

a. Reading skills, b. Cultural literacy, d. Scientific literacy

The nurse is unsure which members of a local community have been affected by exposure to chemical poisoning. What strategy from the Public Health Intervention Wheel should the nurse employ? a. Screening b. Surveillance c. Counselling d. Advocacy

a. Screening

In 1918, nursing care shifted from providing care in the home or community to providing client care in hospitals. Which factors were instrumental in this shift to acute care? (Select all that apply.) a. Technological advancements and improvements b. The continuation of World War I c. Increased number of women in the workforce d. The building of new hospitals and better roads e. The economic boost from the war effort

a. Technological advancements and improvements , b. The continuation of World War I

With the implementation of the Health Care Reform Act, more people have insurance than ever before, but health care costs continue to rise. What issues are contributing to the rising cost of health care? (Select all that apply.) a. The use of resources by clients without insurance b. The number of insurance plans available c. Increase in available technological equipment d. A decrease in the number of preventative services e. Increased unemployment rates

a. The use of resources by clients without insurance , e. Increased unemployment rates

The nurse involved in collecting the number of new COVID-19 cases and analyzing where they have occurred is participating in: a. biostatistics. b. evidence-based practice. c. epidemiology. d. rapid clinical appraisal.

a. biostatistics

The nurse is providing care to a client who is 2 day's post-surgery on the right foot. The health care provider has written orders for discharge to home tomorrow morning. The client is concerned about who will provide wound care to the foot in the home. What is the nurse's best response to this concern? a. "Don't worry, we will train your parent to perform the wound care you need and gather the supplies prior to discharge." b. "We will determine the resources and services you will need at home and arrange those before you leave." c. "You should discuss any concerns you have about wound care with the surgeon before you are discharged." d. "You will be able to perform the care yourself once you feel better, so we will send home supplies with you at the time of your discharge."

b. "We will determine the resources and services you will need at home and arrange those before you leave."

What percentage of the United States population does not even have a basic level of health literacy? a. 12% b. 14% c. 22% d. 53%

b. 14%

Which population is most likely to experience low health literacy? (Select all that apply.) a. Adult White males over 40 years of age b. Adolescent females who do not graduate from high school c. Immigrants from China d. Adult White females who speak Spanish as a second language e. Adult Spanish-speaking females who are not fluent in English

b. Adolescent females who do not graduate from high school, c. Immigrants from China, e. Adult Spanish-speaking females who are not fluent in English

A new client is scheduled at the clinic. During the assessment, the nurse notes a circular, dark pink indentation on the client's abdomen. The nurse is aware the client is not originally from the United States. What is the nurse's next best action in assessing this client? a. Apply pressure to the area to determine if it blanches, then proceed with the assessment. b. Ask the client to describe usual health beliefs and practices when the client becomes sick. c. Assume the client performs the cultural practice of cupping and ask when the client last did this. d. Assess the indentation and ask the client the origins of the circular mark on the abdomen.

b. Ask the client to describe usual health beliefs and practices when the client becomes sick.

A client seen at the health department has been diagnosed with a communicable sexually transmitted disease. The nurse realizes the client will need patient education. What is the best rationale for this education? a. Communicable diseases cause death in those they infect and must be treated early. b. Communicable diseases are contagious and easily spread from one person to another. c. Communicable diseases are infectious agents that spread through direct contact with others. d. Communicable diseases are infections that are easily treated with common antibiotics.

b. Communicable diseases are contagious and easily spread from one person to another.

While providing in-home wound care, the nurse notes the client is frequently vocal and screams at relatives when in pain. In performing a cultural assessment, in what area would the nurse document the frequent outburst and vocalizations? a. Biological variations b. Communication c. Family dynamics d. Cultural identification

b. Communication

Which intervention on the Public Health Intervention Wheel relates to specific and direct care actions provided by community health nurses under the direction of a health care practitioner, as allowed by law and includes any tasks a nurse assigns to appropriate personnel? a. Case management b. Delegated functions c. Consultation d. Collaboration

b. Delegated functions

During an assessment, the community health nurse is gathering data to determine what characteristics and possible health needs are similar for all community members. Which framework will the nurse choose in approaching this assessment analysis? a. Problem-oriented b. Familiarization c. Goal d. Comprehensive needs

b. Familiarization

Which factor is a part of the interrelated environment system? (Select all that apply.) a. Adequate fresh water b. Housing c. Transportation d. Ability to ambulate e. Safety

b. Housing e. Safety a. Adequate fresh water

A public health nurse is developing an educational program on the Zika virus for a community based on the information found on the county health website and comparing the number of persons (1,237) in the community. The nurse found there were six new cases in the past month in the county. The rate was computed as 0.005%. What type of rate does this measurement represent? a. Count b. Incidence c. Mortality d. Prevalence

b. Incidence

The public health nurse found a total of 64 deaths from breast cancer for the year 2021 from a population of 34,000. The nurse determined the rate for the population was 188 deaths per 100,000 people. What does this measure represent? a. Morbidity b. Mortality c. Count d. Attack

b. Mortality

An occupational health nurse is checking employees' blood pressure at the annual benefits fair. The nurse has developed a questionnaire for employees to complete, including demographic data such as age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as tobacco use. What interrelated system in health is the nurse assessing with this questionnaire? a. Education b. Personal biology c. Physical environment d. Health services

b. Personal biology

A client has asked the nurse who qualifies to receive an income-based subsidy from the government to help with health care coverage. What should the nurse tell the client? a. Individuals and families below the 100% poverty level are those who receive subsidies. b. The subsidies are given based on incomes within the 100% to 400% poverty level. c. Anyone can get a subsidy from the government for health care coverage as long as they pay taxes. d. Those who qualify for health care subsidies are over the 200% poverty level.

b. The subsidies are given based on incomes within the 100% to 400% poverty level.

A client at the public health clinic reports performing self-breast examinations monthly. Which protective health factor does this represent? a. Practical b. Valuing health c. Role model d. Educational

b. Valuing Health

A recently hired clinic nurse is providing intake on a new client at the clinic. The client says they do not have insurance. When the client leaves, the nurse says, "I thought all people had insurance since the Affordable Care Act." What would be the nursing supervisor's best response to this comment? a. "Some people choose not to take the health care coverage offered by the government and prefer to pay out of pocket." b. "There is health care coverage, but some people choose not to use it because it is difficult to apply for and obtain." c. "Even though there is coverage available, many people in the United States cannot afford health care coverage." d. "They may have insurance but choose not to tell us because we are a public health agency."

c. "Even though there is coverage available, many people in the United States cannot afford health care coverage."

The immunization clinic nurse is assessing the Mantoux tuberculin skin test a client received 2 days ago. The result is positive. The client does not have signs or symptoms of active tuberculosis. The client is upset regarding the positive result and asks when to start the tuberculosis medication regimen. What is the nurse's best response to this question? a. "The tuberculosis medication regimen is started 8 to 10 weeks after exposure." b. "Usually treatment begins immediately with a positive test result for tuberculosis." c. "Not all people who are infected with tuberculosis have active tuberculosis; you will need further testing." d. "False results happen at times; we will send you to the hospital for a blood test and other diagnostic tests next time."

c. "Not all people who are infected with tuberculosis have active tuberculosis; you will need further testing."

A community health nurse is partnering with several community members to resolve an identified problem of homelessness. One of the community members questions why there are so many people experiencing homelessness when the unemployment rate is below 3% in the community and surrounding area. What would be the nurse's best response to this question? a. "Homelessness is a problem that will take more social support rather than economic support to resolve." b. "A job is just one step toward reducing homelessness; there are many other issues that must be resolved in order to reduce the problem." c. "There are several interrelating systems that lead to homelessness, including social, environmental, and personal biology." d. "Many people are unable to work due to other issues, even though jobs are available in an area."

c. "There are several interrelating systems that lead to homelessness, including social, environmental, and personal biology."

During an intake assessment at the local health department, the nurse asks a Spanish-speaking client where in Mexico they were born. The client becomes angry and says they are from Colombia. What is the best action for the nurse to take? a. Explain to the client that most of the Hispanic individuals who come to the health department are from Mexico. b. Express regret for the assumption and find a Hispanic nurse to complete the interview process. c. Ask the client to provide education on the differences between people from Mexico and people from Colombia. d. Apologize for the cultural insensitivity, and make a mental note to be more careful in the future.

d. Apologize for the cultural insensitivity, and make a mental note to be more careful in the future.

The community nurse is providing education to a group of older teens at the local recreation center on how using chewing tobacco increases the risk of oral, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer. The nurse is utilizing which element of causation of noninfectious disease? a. Specificity b. Strength of association c. Plausibility d. Biologic gradient

d. Biologic gradient

A child has been diagnosed with measles and excluded from school until no longer contagious. A teacher asks the school nurse why the child was infected since the child had received the required immunization. The nurse's best response is based on what fact about immunizations? a. Vaccines are produced according to the most common strain of organism, so there will be some people who acquire the disease. b. Vaccines are produced from the live organism, so there is a small chance it will infect a noninfected person with the disease. c. Each vaccine can potentially infect the person who receives it, even if the vaccine is made from non-live organisms. d. Each person is unique, and occasionally a person who receives a vaccine will not have a strong immune response and will get the disease.

d. Each person is unique, and occasionally a person who receives a vaccine will not have a strong immune response and will get the disease.

A community nurse is reviewing the disease statistics of a newly assigned area. What assessment framework is the nurse utilizing in assessing this community? a. Developmental b. General systems c. Structural/functional d. Epidemiologic

d. Epidemiologic

A public health nurse has been assigned the task of finding the cause of a recent salmonella outbreak in the area. The nurse will use an epidemiologic method to complete this task. What is the nurse's best rationale for utilizing this method? a. Epidemiology provides a framework for determining approaches to outbreaks. b. Epidemiology provides a way to identify a disease's effects on a population. c. Epidemiology is used to identify the virulence of disease in a population. d. Epidemiology is used to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence.

d. Epidemiology is used to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence.

The home health nurse is developing a treatment care plan for an older retired client with Medicare insurance. What factor will the nurse take into consideration as the plan is developed? a. Treatments will need to be predetermined and preapproved by the privately funded health care plan prior to providing service. b. Treatments and medications may be limited as they are covered by publicly mandated, privately funded health care plans. c. Treatments will need to be low-cost and low-technology, as the client will have to pay for all treatments out-of-pocket. d. If ordered by the provider, treatments are usually covered by publicly funded health care plans.

d. If ordered by the provider, treatments are usually covered by publicly funded health care plans.

What characteristics define a community? (Select all that apply.) a. Acting together to solve a common problem b. Encompasses a sense of member belonging c. A group that shares a common interest d. Interaction among a group of people e. Share the same moral values

d. Interaction among a group of people , c. A group that shares a common interest , b. Encompasses a sense of member belonging

A community nurse who routinely works in the immunization clinic notes an influx of new patients from Russia. The nurse wants to improve their knowledge of this new population. What steps can the nurse take to cultivate cultural sensitivity toward this new client population? (Select all that apply.) a. Provide care to the new population based on broad cultural values of health. b. Acknowledge that differences in culture occur even within a common culture. c. Demonstrate a genuine interest in the lives and culture of the new clients. d. Interview some of the new members and inquire about cultural values. e. Perform an internet search to improve knowledge on the new client population.

d. Interview some of the new members and inquire about cultural values. , c. Demonstrate a genuine interest in the lives and culture of the new clients.

A community and public health nurse has been assigned to develop and coordinate a community of solution on the issue of childhood obesity. Who should the nurse contact first? a. Health educators in the area interested in researching obesity b. Individuals identified in the local community who have children who are obese c. Health care providers in the bariatric surgical unit at the nearby hospital d. Local school nurses in the community and the surrounding areas

d. Local school nurses in the community and the surrounding areas

Lillian Wald is known as one of the first public health nurses. Her mission was to prevent illness where it started. What action did she take in the 1900s that most specifically demonstrates this focus? a. Advocating for the poor and homeless to lawmakers b. Examining sanitary waste disposal policy in a community c. Founding a community diet and nutrition program d. Placing a nurse at school to reduce absenteeism

d. Placing a nurse at school to reduce absenteeism

A disease outbreak has been noted in one neighborhood. The community nurse understands a number of actions may be taken by the government to contain the outbreak. What actions could be included for containment purposes? (Select all that apply.) a. Setting up clinics for administration of passive immunity measures b. Setting up decontamination shelters in the community boundaries for uninfected members c. Closing schools until the outbreak is over d. Providing information about signs and symptoms of the illness to health care providers e. Moving nursing home residents in the infected area to the local hospital

d. Providing information about signs and symptoms of the illness to health care providers , c. Closing schools until the outbreak is over , a. Setting up clinics for administration of passive immunity measures

What is true of clients with low health literacy? a. They are less likely to use emergency department services. b. They are less likely to report being in poor health. c. They are more likely to participate in health screenings. d. They are more likely to be hospitalized.

d. They are more likely to be hospitalized.

The nurse planning a breast cancer intervention aimed at reducing mortality for a specific population of women should first: a. teach clients to understand the TNM classification system. b. reassure clients that they have a better prognosis than clients of a different race/ethnicity. c. let clients know that no matter the stage, diagnosis is what is most important. d. collect data on when and how clients are screened.

d. collect data on when and how clients are screened.

In preparing a health and wellness care plan for the local senior citizen center, the nurse ensures the consideration of the three universal needs. Which are universal human needs of the community? (Select all that apply.) a. Satisfaction in life transitions b. Social relationships c. Safety and security d. Support for decisions e. Sense of belonging

e. Sense of belonging , c. Safety and security

Special interest groups are individuals who share a common __________ and work politically to make their goals a reality.

interest

A(n) __________ health policy changes the allocation of resources from one group to another.

redistributive