COMP129 - Chapter 7: Internet Blueprint

Know the various parts of a URL (hint: know the names of the different section)

A URL consists of several parts, including the protocol, domain name, and top-level domain. http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is the protocol that tells your computer what type of page you're looking at. The www represents the computer on the google domain and is called the third-level domain, or subdomain. It is common to name the computer www, so this part of the URL is also often omitted. The domain name, also called the second-level domain, represents a company or product name and makes the address easy to remember. In this example, google is the domain name. .com is the top-level domain (TLD) and represents the type of website you're visiting.

Webpage

Information on the Internet written in HTML, which can be viewed with a web browser.

Bandwidth

The data transfer rate of a network—is measured in kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps), or gigabits per second (Gbps).

What are the name of the five structures that made up the backbone of the Internet when it became private?

The first five large Network Access Points (NAPs) that made up the new backbone were established in Chicago, New Jersey, San Francisco, San Jose, and Washington, D.C. Today, the backbone of the Internet is composed of numerous Internet Exchange Points around the world.

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

Was an early packet switching network and the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP. Considered as the first official name of the Internet.

Home Page

(1) The webpage that appears when you first open your browser. (2) The main or starting page of a website.

Broadband

Anything over 10 Mbps, and in 2015 raised its benchmarks for measuring advanced broadband to 25 Mbps. Availability, speed, and costs vary depending on where you live. You'll have to do some research to get the best price and service.

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

Are companies that offer Internet access. The options available to you depend on where you live and how much you have to spend.

Wi-Fi Hotspots

Are wireless access points that are available in many public locations, such as airports, schools, hotels, and restaurants, either free or for a fee

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

DSL lines are designed to carry digital signals and are much faster than ordinary telephone lines. DSL averages speeds of 512 Kbps to 20 Mbps, which is slower than cable; however, it's generally less expensive. One of the biggest problems with DSL is its distance limitations. You must be within 3 miles of the DSL service provider's facilities. The further away you are, the slower your connection will be. Aging phone lines can also significantly slow down DSL.

Favorites

Enables you to save web addresses, giving you easy access to your favorite websites. Favorites are sometimes called bookmarks.

DNS (Domain Name System)

Enables you to use a friendly name like google.com instead of an IP address like 74.125.224.72 to contact a website. DNS works like a telephone directory. When you enter a URL in your browser, your computer requests the IP address of the computer. Your DNS server, which is probably provided by your ISP, locates the IP address information and sends it back to your computer, which then uses it to address your request

Network Access Points (NAPs)

In 1995, NSF decommissioned the NSF backbone, the Internet backbone was privatized, and the first five large Network Access Points (NAPs) that made up the new backbone were established in Chicago, New Jersey, San Francisco, San Jose, and Washington, D.C.

Cable Internet Access

Is offered by your cable TV provider and uses the same wires to carry both signals. Some cable companies also offer digital phone service. This requires older cable systems to be upgraded, so it's not available everywhere.

Determine the Similarities and Differences Between WWW and the Internet

Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web interchangeably, but they are two different things. The Internet, or just net, is the physical entity—a network of computer networks. The World Wide Web, or just web, is just one way that information moves on the Internet.

Dial-Up

The least expensive type of connection. With a dial-up connection, you use your regular phone lines to connect to the Internet. Plans range from about $10 to $30 per month. This might be a good back-up plan to have in case your normal connection becomes unavailable.

ARPANET

The original system. connected four sites: The University of California— Los Angeles (UCLA), the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), the University of California—Santa Barbara (UCSB), and the University of Utah.

FiOS (Fiber Optic Service)

The primary fiber broadband Internet service in the United States, provided by Verizon.

Wi-Fi

Uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed network connections. It is the type of wireless networking you may have set up in your home or office.

Boolean Operators

You can use Boolean operators to refine your search. A Boolean operator defines the relationship between words or groups of words and is used to create a search filter. There are three Boolean operators: AND, OR, NOT. Using AND to join two words results in pages that include both words—so the number of hits is lower. Joining two words with an OR means that either word can be present—so the number of hits is much larger. Using NOT is exclusive, which means the results must include the first word but cannot include the second word.

Browser Toolbar

A browser extension installed by an application that provides quick access to the application features from within the browser.

Hyperlinks

A connection between pieces of information in documents written using hypertext.

Web Designer

A person who decides how a website will look is called a web designer. For a simple website, the web designer may also be the person who creates the website. If you have ever created your own webpage, then you were the designer.

Web Browser

A program that interprets HTML to display web pages.

VoIP (Voice over IP)

A service that allows phone calls to be transmitted over the Internet instead of over traditional phone lines.

Plug-In

A third-party program that extends the functionality of a browser.

Mobile Browsers

A web browser optimized for small-screen devices, such as smartphones and tablets.

Search Engine

A website that provides search capabilities on the web—will be the one that your browser, computer manufacturer, or ISP chose, but as with your start page, you can modify this to your own preferences. Firefox defaults to Yahoo, and Chrome defaults to Google, and both allow you to add to or modify this.

Fiber to the Home (FTTH)

Also known as fiber-to-the-premises, is one of the fastest of the broadband alternatives, with top speeds of 500 Mbps—although most companies offer rates only of up to 150 Mbps. FTTH can carry Internet, TV, and phone calls to your home over fiber-optic cable and is available in limited areas—those where the fiber-optic cable has been installed.

IP (Internet Protocol) Addresses

An IP address is a unique numeric address assigned to each node on a network. (74.125.224.72)

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

An address, such as http://google.com, that consists of three main parts: the protocol (http), domain name (google), and top-level domain (.com).

Website

Consists of one or more webpages, all located in the same place. The home page of a website is the main, or starting, page. It's the page you see when you type in the web address for a site.

Address Bar

Contains the web address of the current webpage. You can also search the web from the address bar without having to go to a search provider's website first.

User-Generated Content

Content that has been written by everyday users. Although there's a lot of wonderful content out there, anyone can say almost anything on the Internet. You need to be able to evaluate the information you find. There are many clues to look for when deciding whether a website is one that you can trust.

The nodes on the original Internet system were:

Educational Institutions

Tabbed Browsing

Enables you to have multiple webpages open in tabs.

Firefox

Firefox, first released in 2004, is available across platforms and enables you to sync your bookmarks and settings across your computers automatically.

Chrome

Google Chrome was released in 2008. Chrome's main focus is on speed, and it loads webpages faster than other browsers.

Who is in charge of the Internet naming system?

ICANN

Satellite Internet Access

Is a more global and more expensive option than the others mentioned so far. Satellite service speeds are comparable to those of DSL. You need a clear view of the southern sky, where the communication satellites are positioned in geosynchronous orbit 22,000 miles above Earth, and weather conditions can affect your service.

Internet2

Is a second Internet, designed for education, research, and collaboration, very much like the original Internet—only faster.

Add-On

Is created for a specific browser to add features to it.

When Wi-Fi Became Available in Cities and Towns what was it Called?

Municipal Wi-Fi Wireless Internet access available in some cities and towns.

Internet backbone

NSFNET was the primary Internet backbone. The high-speed connection between networks. It's purpose was to give other academic disciplines access to super computing centers and connect smaller networks together.

A third-party program, such as Adobe Flash Player, is considered to be a(n) ________.

Plug In

Navigation Buttons

Provide a means to navigate back and forward through browsed web pages.

Safari

Safari is the most popular web browser for Macs. It comes bundled with macOS. The mobile version of Safari—the default on iOS devices—has almost 60 percent of the mobile browser market.

Metasearch Engines

Search other search engines. There may be differences in the ways the information is classified and categorized by different search engines.

What is the purpose of FTP?

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is an application layer TCP/IP protocol whose main purpose is to allow files to be transferred between a client and a server and vise versa.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

The authoring language that defines the structure of a webpage.

Internet Exchange Points

The backbone of the modern Internet.

Hypertext

The web is made up of hypertext, which is text that contains links to other text or objects such as images. Hypertext enables you to navigate through pieces of information by clicking the links, or hyperlinks, that connect them.

What Internet Service Would You Use if You Were in a Remote Area?

These options include mobile cellular access, Wi-Fi, and satellite. WiMAX Mobile Internet and LTE (Long-Term Evolution)

What do you install when you want new functions on your Web Browser?

You can extend the functionality of your web browser by installing extensions—add-ons, plug-ins, and toolbars.