CompTia A+ Core 2 (220-1002) yesss
services.msc
Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Administrative Tools\ Services Opens the services window in this window, services can be started, stopped, restarted enabled and disabled
msinfo32.exe
Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Administrative Tools\ System Information - System Summary + Hardware Resources + Components + Software Environment
DRM
Digital Rights Management
netstat -a
Display all connections and listening ports
netstat -b
Display the name of an application involved in creating each connection or listening port
netstat -n
Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form
net user <username>
Displays user account information
NTFS
New Technology File System The file system that the Windows NT operating system uses for storing and retrieving files on a hard disk
Multiboot installation
OS installation in which multiple operating systems are installed on a single machine.
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 2)
One of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2000. It extends the earlier SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully replace MMX.
Windows 7 Starter
Only 32-bit version Maximum 2GB RAM
MBR (Master Boot Record)
Overall number of partitions limited to 4. Up to three primary partitions and one extended partition. Up to four primary partitions. Each logical drive within the extended partition CANNOT be transformed into a bootable drive.
Paging File
PAGEFILE.SYS A hidden, optional system storage file on a hard disk. Only one is installed on each hard disk, although more can be added. The paging file can support system crashes and expand the amount of system-committed memory, or virtual memory, that a system can back. Windows uses a page file to store data that can't be held by your computer's RAM when it fills up. While you can tweak the page file settings, Windows can manage the page file fine on its own.
Windows 7 Editions
Windows 7 Starter Windows 7 Home Basic Windows 7 Home Premium Windows 7 Ultimate Windows 7 Professional Windows 7 Enterprise
pwd
print working directory
chown command
used on Unix-like systems to change the owner of file system files, directories
Windows 7 Professional
• 64-bit version supports up to 192 GB RAM • Multi-user fast switching • Remote Desktop hosting • Support for domain networking • Location aware printing • Dynamic disks • Encryption File System (EFS) • Windows XP Mode with Windows Virtual PC • Volume licensing • No Bitlocker
exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table)
A 64-bit version of the file allocation table file system designed for use on large USB flash drives. No realistic file-size or partition-size limits.
BitLocker
A Windows feature that encrypts an entire drive. Built to the NTFS file system. FDE (Full Disk Encryption)
Minimum system requirements for 32-bit (x86) version of Microsoft Windows 7
1 GHz CPU 1 GB of system RAM DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver 16 GB of free hard disk space
Minimum system requirements for 64-bit (x64) version of Microsoft Windows 7
1 GHz CPU 2 GB of system RAM DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver 20 GB of free hard disk space
Minimum system requirements for 32-bit (x86) version of Microsoft Windows 10
1 GHz CPU with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2 1 GB of system RAM DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver 16 GB of free hard disk space
Minimum system requirements for 64-bit (x64) version of Microsoft Windows 10
1 GHz CPU with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2 2 GB of system RAM DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver 20 GB of free hard disk space
Minimum system requirements for 64-bit (x64) version of Microsoft Windows 8/8.1
1 GHz CPU with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2 2 GB of system RAM DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver 20 GB of free hard disk space
Minimum system requirements for 32-bit (x86) version of Microsoft Windows 8/8.1
1 GHz CPU with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2 1 GB of system RAM DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver 16 GB of free hard disk space
AUP (Acceptable Use Policy)
A Set of rules and guidelines that are set up to regulate Internet use and to protect the user.
dxdiag.exe
A Windows command used to display information about hardware and diagnose problems with DirectX.
Partition Types
1. Primary 2. Logical 3. Extended Primary partition is a bootable partition and it contains the operating system/s of the computer, while logical partition is a partition that is not bootable. Multiple logical partitions allow storing data in an organized manner. An extended partition is a partition that can be divided into additional logical drives. Unlike a primary partition, you don't need to assign it a drive letter and install a file system. Instead, you can use the operating system to create an additional number of logical drives within the extended partition.
32bit vs. 64bit
32-bit Processor: 4GB RAM or less (Windows) Maximum of 4 GB (2^32 bytes) of memory 64-bit Processor: Theoretical maximum of 18 EB (2^64 bytes). Practical limit is 8 TB of addressable RAM Limitations + Software Compatibility
Swap Partition
A disk partition configured to be used as an extension to a computer's RAM. This enables a system to run more programs or to process larger data sets than would otherwise be possible.
WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)
A feature with many wireless devices that allows users to configure wireless security with a push button or a PIN. When enabled, it is vulnerable to attacks using free open source software.
Physical Address Extension (PAE)
A memory management feature that allows 32-bit CPUs to use more than 4 GB of physical memory on capable versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems
Factory Recovery Partition
A partition that contains an image of the bootable partition created when the computer was built.
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
A security protocol created by the IEEE 802.11i task group to replace WEP.
MSDS
A widely used abbreviation for Material Safety Data Sheet. A MSDS contains details of the hazards associated with a chemical, and gives information on its safe use.
net user
Adds or modifies user accounts, or displays user account information.
BranchCache
Allows computers at a local branch office to cache data from a file or web server on a WAN (wide area network). The data can be cached either on the client computers, in distributed cache mode, or on a local server, in hosted cache mode. By caching data locally, there is a reduction in WAN traffic and applications often respond faster due to using local files instead of retrieving them over the WAN.
Software Token
An app, or other software that generates a token for authentication.
%appdata%
An environment variable is a dynamic "object" on a computer, containing an editable value, which may be used by one or more software programs in Windows. Environment variables help programs know what directory to install files in, where to store temporary files, and where to find user profile settings.
ext4
An improved version of the ext3 filesystem with an extended feature set and better performance. 1EB Storage
Disk storage types used with MS Windows
Basic & Dynamic: Dynamic disks provide features that basic disks do not, such as the ability to create volumes that span multiple disks (spanned and striped volumes) and the ability to create fault-tolerant volumes (mirrored and RAID-5 volumes). A newly added drive is by default partitioned as a basic disk.
Block-level backup
Block-level backup is a feature that allows to upload only the changed parts of files instead of whole files. In order to do that, it uses snapshot technology. Block-level backup software reads data in the same sized blocks as the file system, or the parameter is chosen by software developers
x86 Architecture
CPU architecture first used in the Intel 8086. Indicates 32-bits
shutdown /s /t 60
Command for setting the time-out period of 60 seconds before powering off a Windows host
TASKLIST Command
Command line to see a list of all the running processes
shutdown /a
Command switch enables aborting a system shutdown
shutdown /r
Command switch in Microsoft Windows Command Prompt forces full system shutdown and restart of a Windows host
shutdown /r /t 120
Command-line commands enables a full system shutdown and restart of an MS Windows host after a time-out period of two minutes
CDFS
Compact Disc File System. The 32-bit file system for CD discs and some CD-R and CD-RW discs.
EFS
Encrypting File System
EOL
End of life
EIDE
Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics; interface that uses parallel signals to transfer data, instructions, and information.
FAT32
File allocation table that uses 32 bits to address and index clusters. Commonly used with USB flash-media drives and versions of Windows prior to XP. 4 GB maximum file size, 8 TB maximum partition size.
chkdsk /f
Fixes errors on the disk
FDE
Full Disk Encryption
GDPR
General data protection regulation (2016) companies have 2 years to transition to GDPR compliance (from EU directive) after the final text is published
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HFS
Hierarchical File System. The file system used on a Mac computer for describing how files and folders are to be structured.
Windows Media Center (WMC)
Home entertainment desktop personal computer that includes a mid-to high-end processor, large-capacity hard disk, CD and DVD drives, a remote control and advanced graphics and audio capabilities.
Workgroup
In Windows, a logical group of computers and users in which administration, resources, and security are distributed throughout the network, without centralised management or security.
x64
Indicates a 64-bit processor supporting a 64-bit operating system. 64-bit versions of Windows can run on x64-based systems.
MMC
Microsoft Management Console
.js
JavaScript Filetype
dir *.*
List all directory's files and subdirectories contained in the current directory
chkdsk /r
Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information Fixes errors on the disk
regedit/regedt32
Run-line utilities for editing the Windows Registry.
SMTP with SSL
Port 465
SMTP with TLS
Port 587
.ps1
Powershell Script Cmdlet
taskkill /pid 1230
Provided that the process ID of notepad.exe obtained with the tasklist command is 1230, which of the following answers lists the correct syntax for a Windows Command Prompt taskkill command that would allow to close this application?
Windows 7 Ultimate
Provides the same feature set as Windows 7 Enterprise x64 version supports 192GB RAM.
.py
Python file extension #!/user/bin/python3
RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computer (AKA: the instruction set architecture (ISA)) which allows a computer's microprocessor to have fewer cycles per instruction (CPI) than a complex instruction set computer (CISC).
PXE (preboot execution environment)
Refers to a client that can boot from a NIC. Enabled clients include a NIC and BIOS that can be configured to boot from the NIC instead of a hard drive. Often used to allow clients to download images.
SOX
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This law requires publicly traded companies and their independent auditors to demonstrate that their numbers are accurate and that they have processes in place to ensure accurate reporting. Several sections of the law have important implications for human resource activities.
SCM
Service Control Manager (SCM) is a special system process under the Windows NT family of operating systems, which starts, stops and interacts with Windows service processes. It is located in the %SystemRoot%\System32\services.exe executable.
Server Room Temperature
Should not dip below 50 degrees Fahrenheit, and should not exceed 82 degrees Fahrenheit. The optimal temperature range is between 68 and 71 degrees
SPOF
Single Point of Failure
SDLC
Software Development Life Cycle
Image backup
System backup that stores all information on the system including the operating system, programs, settings, and data. Most recent image backup programs also support restoration of individual files.
SMTP port
TCP 25
PXE
Technology that enables a PC to boot without any local storage by retrieving an OS from a server over a network.
NX bit
Technology that enables the CPU to protect certain sections of memory. This feature, coupled with implementation by the operating system, stops malicious attacks from getting to essential operating system files. Microsoft calls the feature Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
ext3
The Linux file system that was the first to support journaling, which is a technique that tracks and stores changes to the hard drive and helps prevent file system corruption. Max. 32, 000 subdirectories
sc.exe
The Service Controller utility is a powerful command-line utility for managing Windows services.
Active Directory
The Windows directory service that enables administrators to create and manage users and groups, set network-wide user and computer policies, manage security, and organise network resources.
dd
The dd command stands for "data duplicator" and used for copying and converting data.
vi
The vi editor is the most popular and commonly used Linux text editor
.sh
Unix/Linux Shell script #! Hash-bang #!/bin/bash
bootrec.exe
Utility is a tool provided by Microsoft in Windows Recovery Environment, or the Windows RE. Bootrec.exe is used in connection with: Master Boot Record (MBR) Boot Sector. Boot Configuration Data (BCD)
.vbs
VBScript Manage Server Back-end Microsoft Office
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
WEP uses a data encryption scheme that is based on a combination of user- and system-generated key values. The original implementations of WEP supported encryption keys of 40 bits plus 24 additional bits of system-generated data, leading to keys of 64 bits in total length.
WPA2
WPA2-PSK and WPA2-Enterprise both use AES 128 bit keys (TK1 & TK2) for the data encryption. However that key is derived from a Master key (MK) that must be at least 128 bits long (key strength), and it depends on what provides the MK what the actual strength is.
Domain groups
Which item resides on a domain controller and provides access to network resources throughout the domain?
WPA-TKIP
Wi-Fi Protected Access and Temporal Key Integrtiy Protocol. Replacement for WEP. Uses WEP algorithm with TKIP to encrypt packets. New keys used for each packet.
.bat
Windows batch file @ECHO OFF cd c:\source
chkdsk
Windows, OS/2 and DOS command-line tool used for checking the file system and status of the system's hard drives
Windows 7 Home Premium
• Full Aero interface • Multiple monitors • Support for up to 2 physical CPUs • 32-bit and 64-bit versions • 64-bit version supports up to 16 GB RAM • Support for tablet PCs and MultiTouch controls • Display personalization • Desktop enhancements • Windows Media Center capabilities • Creation and use of HomeGroups • Windows Mobility Center • Network printing • Internet Connection Sharing • Fast user switching • Games
Windows 7 Enterprise
• Multiple Language User Interface for companies spanning the globe • UNIX-based application support • BitLocker Drive Encryption • Enhancements to remote corporate data access