Computer Science 306: Computer Architecture Ch. 8
The binary number 000001010 is what number in decimal numbers?
10
How is 3 represented as information in a computer?
11
What is the number of required bits for the machine instruction set, knowing that the processor can execute 8 native instructions over an addressing space of 64 addresses, and the processor uses 2-address instructions?
15 bits
What is this addition problem in decimal and what is the appropriate binary answer? 00000011 + 00000010.
3 + 2, 00000101
How is the 16-bit word 123A stored using Little Endian and given that it is assigned a memory space starting from 1010?
3A goes into 1010 and 12 goes into 1011.
Which of the following is the simplest program that calculates the expression Z=(A+B)/(A-B-C) using the instruction set of the 3-address processor seen in the lesson (processor 1)?
ADD X, A, B SUB A, A, B SUB A, A, C DIV Z, X, A
Although microprogramming is flexible, which of the following could be a drawback to its use?
An additional layer of interpretation
What does ALU stand for?
Arithmetic logic unit
How do programmers communicate with the processor if it uses 1s and 0s?
Assembly language
Which type of Endianness is shown in the following figure?
Big Endian.
How can RISC architecture have a performance advantage over CISC, even though it requires more lines of code?
Breaking instructions into lower-level steps facilitates pipelining.
How can a CPU provide one output while containing several functional units capable of performing different operations?
By connecting the outputs of the ALU's functional units to the ALU's output through 3-state buffers.
What is CISC?
CISC is a processor which is developed with a full (complex) set of instructions aimed at providing the full processor capacity in the most efficient manner.
Both the microprogramming and hardwired approaches pass _____ to the AC (Accumulator).
Control signals
The AND function looks to find what in a data set?
Data sets that include only the union
Often, more explicit addresses leads to more complex assembly programs (True/False).
False
Microprograms are sometimes called _____
Firmware
The length of an instruction is dependent on _____.
How much can be said with the least number of bits
When taking the two's complement of a number:
Invert the original binary number and add one.
What is a native instruction?
It is an instruction that is executed directly by the ALU.
Assume that the following (generic) line of code in a CISC architecture adds the hexadecimal number 000070FF to the value in memory location 00AA:5932 and places the resulting sum into memory location 00AA:5932: _____ ADD 00AA:5932, 000070FF _____ What could be an equivalent operation in a RISC ISA?
LOAD EAX, 00AA:5932 LOAD EBX, 000070FF SUM EAX, EBX STORE 00AA:5932, EAX
Which type of ISA are you most likely to find in a video game console?
MIPS
In x86 assembly language, _____ is a common command for transferring data from source to destination.
MOV
ISAs are in what language?
Machine
What is a logic gate?
One or more transistor switches used to convert a binary input into a binary output based on a logical operation
A typical one word instruction is made up of bits containing what elements?
Operand code, operand references
Which of the following is the correct program for the stack processor (processor 4) that calculates the expression Z=(A+B)(A*C)?
PUSH A PUSH B ADD PULL X PUSH C MUL PUSH X MUL PULL Z
What is RISC?
RISC is a multiprocessor particularly designed to process computer instructions in order for it to operate at a much higher speed.
A microprogrammed control unit is stored inside what?
ROM (read-only memory)
Which of the following is an advantage of hardwired control units?
Speed
What are transistor switches?
Switches that manipulate binary numbers by opening and closing gates.
What is the function of the CU (Control Unit)?
The CU manages the functionality of the ALU.
What is the input and the output of the assembler?
The input is assembly language instructions and the output is machine language instructions.
Which of the following cannot be implicit in a machine instruction?
The operation
What does a computer use to store binary numbers?
Transistor switches in the open or closed position
The term Endianness refers to _____ .
an option on how to store multi-byte words in memory
Which addressing mode involves calculating the effective address by adding an offset to a memory address?
based and indexed
A CPU has built-in memory that it can access very quickly. This is called:
cache memory
What does CPU stand for?
central processing unit
Which addressing mode includes the effective address of the operand in the instruction?
direct
Which addressing mode includes the operand value in the instruction?
immediate
Which type of addressing mode would be used to describe the operand as a numerical value?
immediate addressing
Which addressing modes do not require memory access to retrieve the operand?
immediate and register
Which addressing mode is used for accessing data stored in an array in memory?
indexed
One characteristic of RISC is that _____.
it executes a small and limited number of instructions per cycle
One characteristic of CISC is that _____.
it processes variable length instructions
An advantage RISC has over its predecessor CISC is that _____.
it uses hardware to execute instructions with no memory references
In a multi-Byte word, the most significant byte is the _____ .
leftmost byte
Modern day CPUs contain roughly how many transistors?
several hundred million
What is the material that computer chips are made of?
silicon
Assembly language is the _____.
symbolic codings of the ALU's operations
What is the clock speed of a CPU?
the rate at which it can execute instructions
Which type of ISA features variable-length instruction encoding?
x86
The symbol for OR is:
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