Computer science lecture 2

what was the first general purpose computer ever constructed? by who?

Z3 by konrad zuse

Was the bombe a modern computer?

no. it had memory (with position of the wheels) but it wasn't programmable

How long after lovelace wrote the first computer programs did konrad zuse make a computer?

99 years

What was the Difference engine created by Charles Babbage intended to do?

Automate the process of adding and subtracting by using mechanical levers. switches

what is the ENIAC also known as?

Giant brain

Was the bombe programmable?

IT was not programmable and was physically configured to do one task

Supplementary feature of a modern computer?

Input and output

Did early computers have I/O?

No, they just put all input into the program/memory and the output as the final state of memory after the program was done

is abacus a modern computer?

No. it has memory (with the position of beads) but it is not programmable

Whas babbages analytical engine planned a modern computer?

Yes. Memory with the position of the wheels and branching programmability with punch cards

In 1941 Germant, what did konrad zuse build?

Z3

What is the von neumann architecture?

a "stored-program computer"

what does input and output allow?

a machine to react and effect the outside world as it runs its program

What happened in 1946?

a team of engineers operating inserter at the university of pennsylvania independently created the first fully electronic modern general purpose computer, the ENIAC

When can an entity be considered effectively intelligent? (turing test)

an entity can be considered effectively intelligent if when carrying a conversation , it is indistinguishable from an actual human being

What is the imitation game?

an interrogator has a conversation with one machine and one actual human, without knowing who is who. at the end, the interrogator has to determine which was the machine and which was the human. If the person guesses wrong, then the machine is, for intents and purposes, effectively an intelligent, thinking, feeling being

What did Charles babbage create in 1837?

analytical engine

Who is considered the father of the computer?

babbage

During the construction of the difference engine, what did babbage become obsessed with?

babbage became professionally obsessed with grander dreams!

How much faster was the ENIAC than the electrical mechanical computers?

because it was fully electric, it was up to a thousand times faster that the electrical mechanical computers

Why wasn't the difference engine completed?

because the technology to machine the parts wasn't there but also because babbage got bored

what was the ENIAC used to build?

bombs and stuff

What bombe mechanical or electronic?

both

what does programmability normally have to have the ability to do?

branch

how was the ENIAC built?

built out of vacuum tubes and computed in decimal. Programmed using plug boards

In the con Neumann architecture, what did the computer move along?

computer moves along the memory, executing instructions at every point, which might manipulate other parts of the memory

what does branch mean>

decide what to do based on what has already happened

In 1945, what did John von neumann do?

describe one final innovation from the "program + memory" idea of a computer

What does ENIAC stand for?

electronic numerical integrator and computer

The con Neumann model is the ____________ between ________ and ______

elegant dance between program and data

what is interesting about the ENIAC?

ended the war

What did alan turing give the answer to?

gave the famous answer to the questions of artificial intelligence and nature of consciousness" The "turing test"

what did alan turing do?

he advanced the art of calculating machines (like the difference engine) to perfect the Bombe in 1940, which was used to break german codes in WWII

When did babbage die? what happened when he died?

he died in 1871, and the difference engine nor the analytical engine was completed.

Who was charles babbage inspired by?

he was inspired by jacquard loom and he wondered "what if you could program the difference engine with punch cards

what was unique about ada lovelace?

her visionary writing on the potential of computers and their implications on society was a century ahead of its time

Describe Konrad zuse computer?

hybrid electircal-mechanical, and computed in binary. Programmed using punch tape

When was the von neumann architecture built and by who?

in 1948 by a team of engineers at victoria university of manchester

What did Neumann propose?

instead of a separate program and memory portion of the machines, von neumann proposed that the program is in the memory

What did the 6 lead programers of the ENIAC invent?

invented discipline of programming from scratch. But they were largely ignored by the press and history for over 50 years

Why was the ENIAC unstable half the time?

it took weeks to enter in a single program and its vacuum tubes kept on burning out

who were the LEAD programmers of the ENIAC?

kay mcnulty, betty jennings, betty nyder, marlyn wescoff, fran bilas, ruth lichteman

In the von neumann architecture, where is everything stored?

memory

was the eniac a modern computer?

memory with vacuum tubes and branching programmability with plug boards

is slide rules a modern computer?

no bc no memory and no programmability

Was jacquards loom/player piano a modern computer?

no memory, but programmabilyt (with punch card rooms) but no branching

Was babies difference engine planned a modern computer?

no. it has memory (with position of wheels) but not programmable

Was the von neumann architecture designed to be practical?

not designed to be practical but is essentially the same type of computer that we use today

After the war, what did Alan Turing question ?

pondered questions about the theoretically perfect computer and its limitations

What could the difference engine perform?

pre-built computations!

what did von neumann architecture allow?

programs to load and create other programs, unprecedented control, new ways of looking at programs, and cleaner programming

What was konrad zuse computer used to do?

run statistical analysis on wing flutter but scrapped because it didn't help the war

what was ada lovelaces job?

she was an english mathematician and writer/philsosopher who was the first person to see the potential of programmable computers

in 1842, what did ada lovelace do?

she wrote the first published computer program in history for the analytical engine to calculate bernoulli numbers

what is programmability?

the ability to automate execution of custom programs other than just prebuilt specifically constructed programs

What is memory or state?

the ability to store and modify some aspect of a machines state configuration, to be used during a program

what is alan turing known as?

the father of theoretical computer science

Who is Ada lovelace known as ?

the first programmer

What did alan turing work on the Bombe, WWII, artificial intelligence, and persecution in his later life dramatze in?

the imitation game (2014)

What did the program in the Von Neumann Architecture do?

the program itself is sorted in the memory, along with all other data and state/ The program and instructions are a part of the state

As of today, what do all general purpose computers typically follow?

von neumann model wihout modification

when we did the turing test, what did we have to keep in mind?

we can never really look into a mind to see if it is conscious or not, we can only observe its response to outside stimulus

Where are we today?

we haven't really figured out anything better for general purpose computing

What was the Z3?

worlds first working general purpose computer

Was Z3 a modern computer?

yes. memory with mechanical switches and programmability with punched tape

What are the 2 essential features of a modern computer?

1. programmability 2. memory or state

How long after babbages original plans for a computer, did konrad zuse build a computer?

104 years after