Coms Midterm
Most library catalogues allow you to search for books by
Author, title, and keyword
____________ is a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas.
Brainstorming
_________ are used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves.
Call numbers
The ____________ lists all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library.
Catalogue
Method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship
Causal
The ____________ is a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the main points of a speech.
Central idea
Research has demonstrated that visual aids, when used well, can increase a speaker's
Clarity, confidence, and credibility
Listening to understand the message of a speaker is called ______ listening.
Comprehensive
What are the two kinds of listening most closely tied to critical thinking?
Comprehensive listening and critical listening
Listening to evaluate a message for the purpose of accepting or rejecting it is called ______ listening.
Critical
______ listening is listening to provide emotional support for a speaker.
Empathic
Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ______ responsibilities.
Ethical
According to your textbook, what type of supporting material would you be using if you quoted Yale physicist Daniel Timbie on the compatibility of the big bang theory with religious philosophies?
Expert testimony
True or False: In an online speech you have essentially the same relationship with your audience as in an in-person speech.
False
True or False: According to your textbook, online speakers should avoid using visual aids.
False
True or False: After conducting a research interview, you should wait a few days to review and transcribe your notes.
False
True or False: Audience analysis is less important for online speeches than for speeches delivered to an audience that is physically present.
False
True or False: Because listeners recognize that public speakers are promoting their self-interest, it is acceptable for speakers to alter evidence.
False
True or False: Even if you can't identify the author or sponsoring organization for an Internet document, you can still use the document in your speech as long as it is up to date.
False
True or False: Hearing and listening are identical.
False
True or False: In a preparation outline, main points are identified by capital letters.
False
True or False: In a preparation outline, you should state your main points in brief phrases.
False
True or False: In most cases, statistics speak for themselves and do not require a lot of explanation when used in a speech.
False
True or False: It is crucial to fit all the information you want your audience to retain on a single chart.
False
True or False: It is important to know your main points before you begin researching your speech.
False
True or False: It is only necessary for a speaker to identify his or her source when quoting verbatim—not when paraphrasing.
False
True or False: It is usually most effective to keep your ideas impersonal when giving an informative speech.
False
True or False: Listeners usually find generalizations more interesting and convincing than specific statements.
False
True or False: Most successful speakers do not experience stage fright.
False
True or False: One advantage of using video in a speech is that it involves less work than other kinds of visual aids.
False
True or False: Skilled listeners try to remember a speaker's every word.
False
True or False: The best rate for effective public speaking is 110 words per minute.
False
True or False: The larger an audience becomes, the greater is the speaker's ethical responsibility to be fully prepared.
False
True or False: The main purpose of using statistics in a speech is to make the speech more vivid.
False
True or False: When preparing a visual aid, you should use ALL CAPS because it is easier to read.
False
True or False: When selecting a title for your speech, you should avoid phrasing it as a question.
False
True or False: Your textbook recommends taking word-for-word notes as a way to improve your listening skills.
False
The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called ______
Feedback
While listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject. What was Scott doing?
Filtering the message through his frame of reference
Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "Why should the university raise tuition?"
It's expressed as a question.
Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: "Something should be done about rising sea levels."
It's too vague.
Below is a main point, a subpoint, and two sub-subpoints from a preparation outline about acoustical engineering. Which is the subpoint?
Noise control is an issue both for indoor and outdoor settings.
True or False: Even though a speaking outline should be kept as brief as possible, you should usually write out quotations in full.
True
True or False: The more you assume your listeners know about the topic of your informative speech, the more you run the risk of being misunderstood.
True
True or False: When taking research notes, you should distinguish among direct quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas.
True
True or False: A hypothetical example is an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.
True
True or False: An informative speech about a process explains a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.
True
True or False: Even though there can be gray areas when it comes to assessing a speaker's goals, it is still necessary to ask ethical questions about those goals.
True
True or False: In a preparation outline, main points and subpoints should be written as full sentences.
True
True or False: In a preparation outline, the most important ideas are placed farthest to the left and the less important ideas are placed progressively farther to the right.
True
True or False: People spend more time listening than doing any other communicative activity.
True
True or False: Public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback.
True
True or False: Public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years.
True
True or False: Research shows that speakers in the United States who fail to establish eye contact may be seen by listeners as insincere or even dishonest.
True
True or False: Sometimes you can use your own body as a visual aid.
True
True or False: The central idea for a speech should be stated as a full sentence.
True
True or False: Using visual aids can help a speaker combat stage fright.
True
True or False: When business managers are asked to rank-order the communication skills most crucial to their jobs, they usually rank listening as number one.
True
True or False: You should never cite an article in your speech on the basis of the abstract alone.
True
Which of the following is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?
Visualize yourself giving a strong speech, focus on communicating rather than on being nervous, and be thoroughly prepared for each speech
A preparation outline should include
a bibliography
"To inform my audience about the major steps in performing CPR" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about
a process
A speech title should
be brief, encapsulate the main thrust of your speech, and attract the attention of your audience
One of the advantages of using the extemporaneous method of delivery is that it
encourages conversational quality.
A(n) ____________Blank is a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.
example
A(n) ____________ speech is a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.
extemporaneous
According to your textbook, a(n) ____________Blank example is a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
extended
When preparing a speaking outline, you should
give yourself cues for delivering the speech.
As your textbook explains, when preparing an informative speech, you should
personalize your ideas, relate the subject directly to your audience, and avoid abstractions
a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body
preview statement
Violating the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language is an error in ____________
pronunciation
A ______ online speech may be viewed initially by an in-person audience, but it is designed ultimately to be uploaded for viewing on the Internet—as, for example, in a TED Talk.
recorded
The ______ refers to the onscreen elements seen by the audience during an online speech.
visual environment
The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline shows the ____________ of the speech.
visual framework
Changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume are referred to as
vocal variety
What is the median in the following set of numbers: 500, 600, 650, 700, 750?
650
In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against what?
A set of ethical standards or guidelines
Dolores is preparing visual aids for her speech about resources available to the Latino/Latina community and has decided to use a handout. When should she distribute it?
After the speech
_____ are discussed in your textbook as elements of the visual environment for online speeches.
Framing, eye contact, and lighting
Gabrielle, a physiology major, waited until the last minute to begin preparing her persuasive speech. When her friend Ken learned that she was panicking over the assignment, he gave her the outline of a speech he had delivered in class the previous semester. Gabrielle used the speech and presented it as her own. Which of the following is true?
Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own.
the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind
Goodwill
If the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? As I shall explain next, solving the problem of groundwater contamination involves two steps: limiting new development and requiring builders to use more efficient septic systems
Internal preview
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? So far we have seen that Lyme disease is caused by the bite of deer ticks and that it continues to spread throughout the United States
Internal summary
When a speaker ______, she restates or summarizes an author's ideas in her own words.
Paraphrases
Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own is called ______ plagiarism.
Patchwork
According to your textbook, if you quoted your sixteen-year-old niece on the impact of media violence on high-school students, you would be using ____________Blank testimony.
Peer
When you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to ____________
Persuade
__________ is the lowness or highness of the speaker's voice.
Pitch
A ________ is a list, compiled early in the research process, of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic.
Preliminary bibliography
A ____________ outline is a detailed outline developed during the planning stage of a speech.
Preparation
The two major kinds of speeches discussed in the chapter are __________Blank online speeches and __________ online speeches
Recorded; real-time
The library resources discussed in this chapter include
Reference works, newspaper and periodical database, and academic databases
The ____________ is what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech.
Residual message
A question that the audience answers mentally rather than aloud
Rhetorical question
What should public speakers do to avoid ethnocentrism?
Show respect for the cultures of the people they address
Words such as "First," "Next," "Finally," and "Above all" are often used as ____________Blank to indicate where a speaker is in the speech or to help focus attention on key issues.
Signposts
What is the central idea of a speech with the following main points? I. Isabel Baumfree was born into slavery in the state of New York during the 1790s. II. After undergoing a conversion experience and changing her name to Sojourner Truth, she began preaching during the 1840s. III. Over the next few decades, she became a celebrated speaker for various reform causes.
Sojourner Truth was born into slavery, underwent a conversion experience, and became a speaker for various reform causes.
method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern
Spatial order
A ____________Blank outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech
Speaking
If there is no clearly identified author for a document on the Internet, you should try to determine the ____________ that is responsible for the document.
Sponsoring organization
________ is anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.
Stage Fright
_______ organization involves putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.
Strategic
What is the first step toward improving your listening skills?
Take listening seriously
Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?
The history of the bagpipe dates to ancient Greece.
True or False: Because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.
True
True or False: Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audience being addressed.
True
Which of the following recommendations does your textbook give for relating a subject directly to your audience in an informative speech?
Tie your topic into the audience's interests and concerns, Tell the audience why your message is important to them, and Speak in personal terms, using words such as "you" and "your."
A ____________ is a list of the sources used in preparing a speech.
bibliography
a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern
chronological
"To inform my audience of three major theories about how the Great Pyramid of Giza was built" is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about
concept
The primary aim of an informative speech is to
convey knowledge or information.
the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
credibility
a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity
crescendo ending
In a speaking outline, words such as "pause," "faster here," and "slow down" are ____________that help a speaker remember how she or he wants to present key parts of the speech
delivery cues
a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement
dissolve ending
Even if your speech as a whole is ethical, you can still be guilty of ______ plagiarism if you fail to give credit for quotations, paraphrases, and other specific parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people.
incremental
When you end your speech, you should
maintain eye contact for a few moments after you stop talking, collect your notes and any visual aids you may have used, and maintain a cool, collected demeanor as you return to your seat
When accuracy is essential and a speech must be delivered word for word, ____________ delivery is most appropriate.
manuscript
The term for the statistical measure popularly known as the "average" is the ____________
mean
The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest
median
The number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers
mode
Speakers who lack vocal variety are said to speak in a ___________
monotone
If you want to use a photograph as a visual aid for a speech, your textbook recommends that you
show the photograph to the audience by using presentation technology.
The ____________ is a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech
specific purpose statement
A preparation outline should include
specific purpose statement, central idea, and connectives
"To persuade my audience that the U.S. space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth" is an example of a(n)
specific purpose statement.
The most effective order of main points in a speech depends on your
topic, purpose, and audience.
method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics
topical
