connect chapter 9 review
a codon contains how many nucleotides?
3
which sequence of DNA nucleotides is complementary to the DNA triplet 5'-ATG-3' ?
3'-TAC-5'
if a DNA molecule contains 15% adenine nucleotides, what percent of cytosine does it contain?
35%
select the enzymes that function in DNA replication
Helicase, DNA polymerases, ligase
in the ventral dogma, DNA encodes ____ which encodes protein.
RNA
which is the main event of transcription initation?
RNA polymerase binds the DNA promoter
which is a nitrogenous base found in DNA?
Thymine
____ is the process of decoding DNA into messenger RNA
Transcription
which is the main event of translation termination?
a nonsense codon is reached and the peptide is released from the ribosome
which is the main event of translation terminatin:
a nonsense condon is reached and the peptide is released from the ribosome
The purine nucleobases found in RNA are guamine and
adenine
__ ______ are the building blocks of proteins
amino acids
during translation elongation, peptide bonds form between:
amino acids
a nitogen containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a nitrogenous _______.
base
function of tRNA
brings amino acids to the ribosome
phase variation occurs when streptococcus pneumoniae produce a ______
capsule
A ____ is the specific sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that encodes a particular amino acid.
codon
what is the function of rRNA
composes ribosomal subunits.
______ in bacteria refers to horizontal gene exchange via pili.
conjugation
during which method of gene transfer are bacterial cells in direct contact?
conjugation
r factors are specifically associated with which mechanism of recombination:
conjugation
in the bacterium Escherichia coli, where is the main chromosome located?
cytoplasm
the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases found in DNA and thymine and
cytosine
the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are tymine and
cytosine
ensuring that the DNA code will be maintained during cell growth and cell ___ is one of the two essential effects of the structure of DNA.
division
proteins that remove incorrect bases and replace them with correct ones are termed _______ repair enzymes
excision
a ________ mutation results from an insertion or deletion of nucleotides, leading to a shift of the triplet sequence from the point of mutation downstream.
frameshift
Genetic inheritance in microorganisms is best defined by which term?
hereditary
___ is another term for genetics-the study of inheritance in living things.
heredity
how does RNA differ from DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
in RNA, uracil replaces thymine, RNA is single- stranded.
where are the chromosomes of yeast cells located?
in the nucleus
which is the correct order of events in transceiption?
initiation, elongation, termination
______ are DNA sequences that do not encode protein, but may have a regulatory function.
introns
__ contains the codons for the polypeptide.
mRNA
______ is a copy of DNA template corresponding to a protein-encoding gene.
mRNA
which is the main event of translation initiation?
mRNA binds to the ribosome
a _____ is an agent that induces changes in DNA
mutagen
a chemical or physical agent that induces a change in DNA is referred to as a
mutagen
which of the following defines a chemical or physical agent that induces a change in DNA?
mutagen
a small number of ______ are considered beneficial in that they provide the cell with a useful change in structure or physiology.
mutations
which is largest in terms of molecular size?
nucleic acid
genes are made of _____ _______.
nucleic acids
____ are linked by phosphodiester bonds and link the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of another nucleotide.
nucleotides
a _______ in bacteria consists of a regulatory gene, a control region, and strutural genes.
operon
which operational unit in bacteria consists of a regulatory gene, a control region, and structural genes?
operon
within a nucleotide, the _____ group is linked to the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar.
phosphate
which proces repairs DNA that has been damaged by uv radiation using visible light?
photoactivtion
a protein bridge
pilus
a ____ is a small circular segment of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes that is capable of independent replication and usually contains nonessential genes.
plasmid
A ___ mutation involves any subsitution of a single nucleotide that does not change the DNA reading frame.
point
RNA _______ provide DNA polymerase with the 3' end needed for synthesis during DNA replication.
primers
_____ are functional biomolecules in cells formed from one or more long chains of amino acids.
proteins
which type of RNA composes ribosomal subunits?
rRNA
______ refers to the transfer of genes between donor and recipient microorganisms.
recombination
during semiconservative ______ the DNA is duplicated prior to binary fission.
replication
which of the following are the 3 major types of RNA?
ribosomal, messenger, transfer
Two subunits of the ____ compose the site of protein synthesis.
ribosome
the process of DNA replication is described as being
semiconservative
what is the function of mRNA?
serves as a transcript of a gene sequence of template DNA
the mRNA sequence AUG, specifying the first amino acid in protein sequences, is called the ______ codon.
start
The parent strands in a DNA molecule are used as a ____ to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA.
template
All DNA nucleotides contain:
the same sugar and phosphate, but different nitrogenous bases
in gerenal, a strand of RNA made from DNA is called an RNA ___.
transcript
_______ involves the uptake of free DNA by competent bacterial recipient cells.
transformation
which of the following are methods of gene transfer in bacteria?
transformation, transduction, conjugation
_____ is the process of decoding the messenger RNA into a polypeptide.
translation
during what process is mRNA converted into a protein?
translation
which recombination method involves the uptake of free DNA by competent bacterial recipient cells?
transportation
a phage is a bacterial virus?
true
true of false: Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of DNA and RNA.
false
____ is the study of the inheritance of living things
genetics
one reason protein synthesis is more efficient in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes because prokaryotic ______ and _______ are simultaneous.
transcription, translation
conjugatin, _____ and transduction are methods of gene transfer in bacteria.
transformation
true or false: the parent strands in a DNA molecule are used as a template to synthesize a complemetary strant of DNA.
true
which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA molecules?
uracil
