connect chapter 9 review

a codon contains how many nucleotides?

3

which sequence of DNA nucleotides is complementary to the DNA triplet 5'-ATG-3' ?

3'-TAC-5'

if a DNA molecule contains 15% adenine nucleotides, what percent of cytosine does it contain?

35%

select the enzymes that function in DNA replication

Helicase, DNA polymerases, ligase

in the ventral dogma, DNA encodes ____ which encodes protein.

RNA

which is the main event of transcription initation?

RNA polymerase binds the DNA promoter

which is a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Thymine

____ is the process of decoding DNA into messenger RNA

Transcription

which is the main event of translation termination?

a nonsense codon is reached and the peptide is released from the ribosome

which is the main event of translation terminatin:

a nonsense condon is reached and the peptide is released from the ribosome

The purine nucleobases found in RNA are guamine and

adenine

__ ______ are the building blocks of proteins

amino acids

during translation elongation, peptide bonds form between:

amino acids

a nitogen containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a nitrogenous _______.

base

function of tRNA

brings amino acids to the ribosome

phase variation occurs when streptococcus pneumoniae produce a ______

capsule

A ____ is the specific sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that encodes a particular amino acid.

codon

what is the function of rRNA

composes ribosomal subunits.

______ in bacteria refers to horizontal gene exchange via pili.

conjugation

during which method of gene transfer are bacterial cells in direct contact?

conjugation

r factors are specifically associated with which mechanism of recombination:

conjugation

in the bacterium Escherichia coli, where is the main chromosome located?

cytoplasm

the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases found in DNA and thymine and

cytosine

the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are tymine and

cytosine

ensuring that the DNA code will be maintained during cell growth and cell ___ is one of the two essential effects of the structure of DNA.

division

proteins that remove incorrect bases and replace them with correct ones are termed _______ repair enzymes

excision

a ________ mutation results from an insertion or deletion of nucleotides, leading to a shift of the triplet sequence from the point of mutation downstream.

frameshift

Genetic inheritance in microorganisms is best defined by which term?

hereditary

___ is another term for genetics-the study of inheritance in living things.

heredity

how does RNA differ from DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

in RNA, uracil replaces thymine, RNA is single- stranded.

where are the chromosomes of yeast cells located?

in the nucleus

which is the correct order of events in transceiption?

initiation, elongation, termination

______ are DNA sequences that do not encode protein, but may have a regulatory function.

introns

__ contains the codons for the polypeptide.

mRNA

______ is a copy of DNA template corresponding to a protein-encoding gene.

mRNA

which is the main event of translation initiation?

mRNA binds to the ribosome

a _____ is an agent that induces changes in DNA

mutagen

a chemical or physical agent that induces a change in DNA is referred to as a

mutagen

which of the following defines a chemical or physical agent that induces a change in DNA?

mutagen

a small number of ______ are considered beneficial in that they provide the cell with a useful change in structure or physiology.

mutations

which is largest in terms of molecular size?

nucleic acid

genes are made of _____ _______.

nucleic acids

____ are linked by phosphodiester bonds and link the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of another nucleotide.

nucleotides

a _______ in bacteria consists of a regulatory gene, a control region, and strutural genes.

operon

which operational unit in bacteria consists of a regulatory gene, a control region, and structural genes?

operon

within a nucleotide, the _____ group is linked to the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar.

phosphate

which proces repairs DNA that has been damaged by uv radiation using visible light?

photoactivtion

a protein bridge

pilus

a ____ is a small circular segment of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes that is capable of independent replication and usually contains nonessential genes.

plasmid

A ___ mutation involves any subsitution of a single nucleotide that does not change the DNA reading frame.

point

RNA _______ provide DNA polymerase with the 3' end needed for synthesis during DNA replication.

primers

_____ are functional biomolecules in cells formed from one or more long chains of amino acids.

proteins

which type of RNA composes ribosomal subunits?

rRNA

______ refers to the transfer of genes between donor and recipient microorganisms.

recombination

during semiconservative ______ the DNA is duplicated prior to binary fission.

replication

which of the following are the 3 major types of RNA?

ribosomal, messenger, transfer

Two subunits of the ____ compose the site of protein synthesis.

ribosome

the process of DNA replication is described as being

semiconservative

what is the function of mRNA?

serves as a transcript of a gene sequence of template DNA

the mRNA sequence AUG, specifying the first amino acid in protein sequences, is called the ______ codon.

start

The parent strands in a DNA molecule are used as a ____ to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA.

template

All DNA nucleotides contain:

the same sugar and phosphate, but different nitrogenous bases

in gerenal, a strand of RNA made from DNA is called an RNA ___.

transcript

_______ involves the uptake of free DNA by competent bacterial recipient cells.

transformation

which of the following are methods of gene transfer in bacteria?

transformation, transduction, conjugation

_____ is the process of decoding the messenger RNA into a polypeptide.

translation

during what process is mRNA converted into a protein?

translation

which recombination method involves the uptake of free DNA by competent bacterial recipient cells?

transportation

a phage is a bacterial virus?

true

true of false: Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of DNA and RNA.

false

____ is the study of the inheritance of living things

genetics

one reason protein synthesis is more efficient in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes because prokaryotic ______ and _______ are simultaneous.

transcription, translation

conjugatin, _____ and transduction are methods of gene transfer in bacteria.

transformation

true or false: the parent strands in a DNA molecule are used as a template to synthesize a complemetary strant of DNA.

true

which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA molecules?

uracil