Corrections Quiz
During a revocation hearing, a probationer may be represented by legal counsel and have the opportunity to testify.
t
Employment is a key to successful reentry.
t
Furman v. Georgia effectively constituted a ban on capital punishment in the United States for a period of time
t
The most feared event at a prison is an inmate riot or disturbance.
t
There is currently little difference between the procedural due process requirements of the juvenile and adult justice systems.
t
When and where was the first juvenile court established?
Chicago, 1899
Inmates consider jail sentences very "easy time," because there is so little to do.
False
Prison administrators try to keep inmates in their cells and quiet for as much of the day as possible.
False
Retribution was strongly emphasized as the goal of prisons until the 1970s.
False
Penitentiaries were established because the Pennsylvania Quakers decided that a more humane and efficient way to punish and reform criminals was needed.
True
From 1991 to 2000, most crime has decreased.
True (Chapter 1)
Most offenders are sentenced to probation and supervised in the community by probation or parole officers
True (Chapter 1)
There is a large numerical difference between the number of crimes reported and the number of offenders convicted and facing any specific correctional sanction.
True (Chapter 1)
In many criminal cases, offenders are charged with more than one crime or with several counts of the same crime.
True (Chapter 2)
Non-incarceration sentences include economic sanctions, probation, and intermediate sanctions.
True (Chapter 2)
Pretrial diversion programs are sometimes referred to as "deferred prosecution" or "probation without adjudication."
True (Chapter 2)
Early jails in the American colonies followed the English model.
True (Chapter 3)
Jail staff are always extremely outnumbered by the inmates in any correctional setting.
True (Chapter 3)
Over the last 30 years, the number of criminal offenders with mental illness has risen.
True (Chapter 3)
Sentenced offenders can serve up to one year in jail.
True (Chapter 3)
Prisons do not waste a lot of time searching areas of the prison or shaking down inmates to find contraband and deter its possession.
f
Residential treatment is not considered the most effective treatment for substance abuse.
f
The early North American colonies and England used capital punishment as a penalty only for murder.
f
The goals and philosophies of the juvenile justice system are nearly identical to those of the criminal justice system.
f
The juvenile justice system has many intermediate sanctions between probation and incarceration.
f
The length of parole supervision following release from prison is never more than a year.
f
The rights of inmates confined in correctional institutions have always been considered by the courts.
f
The United Stated has a single, nationwide system of corrections.
False (Chapter 1)
The correctional system handles an extremely large percentage of criminals
False (Chapter 1)
The number of offenders on probation, in prison, and parole has decreased significantly.
False (Chapter 1)
A little fewer than half of the counties in the United States have a jail.
False (Chapter 2)
Public attitudes have consistently supported rehabilitating criminal offenders.
True (Chapter 1)
Jails are designed to hold sentenced offenders for very long terms of confinement.
False (Chapter 3)
Jails are exciting places; inmates get good educations and inmates have plenty to do.
False (Chapter 3)
The average length of stay in a jail is 30 months.
False (Chapter 3)
A probationer cannot be arrested and detained in jail during the revocation process.
f
Most inmates work in areas of prison operations that help run the prison
t
Most offenders serve a determinate sentence that is much longer than in the past.
t
Most probationers are placed on regular supervision.
t
Neither rehabilitation nor juvenile accountability alone have been effective in dealing with juvenile drug crime.
t
Over the past 50 years, the sentencing options available to judges have increased.
t
Over the past two decades, many states have abandoned parole and indeterminate sentences.
t
Parole and community supervision is still a very important function in several states.
t
In the late 18th century, after what age were juveniles considered to be responsible for their crimes and therefore able to be treated the same as adult offenders? 18
7
Community supervision officers do not visit offenders' residences or places of employment.
f
Electronic monitoring is a criminal sanction, not a method of supervision.
f
Gangs involving juveniles have no defined organizational structure .
f
Hearing procedures are the same in every state.
f
Inmates lose all their citizenship rights once they enter prison.
f
Judges have little discretion in imposing special conditions of probation.
f
Minorities are on death row at a rate well below their representation in the U.S. population.
f
Prison industry programs are detrimental to prison operations, require funds to operate, and encourage recidivism.
f
Prison staff are trained to monitor inmates only intermittently so as not to interfere with their privacy.
f
Prisons are NOT legally required to provide sufficient legal materials to enable inmates to conduct legal research in order to have reasonable access to the courts.
f
The number of face-to-face contacts that officers have with probationers never varies, regardless of caseload size and type of supervision.
f
The placement of juvenile delinquents in a residential facility is the first and most common outcome.
f
An important feature in the organization of parole decision-making is that the parole board is independent from the prison administration.
t
Correctional agencies generally use same-sex staff to conduct searches, unless in an emergency.
t
In some states, offenders can pay restitution through community service.
t
In the 1979 case Greenholtz v. Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex, the Supreme Court determined that parole was legally a privilege and not a right.
t
Inmates are not hesitant to file suits against correctional agencies or prison staff.
t
Inmates who need a separation of longer than 12 months from a prison's inmate population are either transferred to another prison or placed in a supermax facility.
t
Investigations of inmate riots and disturbances have discovered that most are not planned or precisely initiated by inmate leaders.
t
Most death row inmates remain in their cells most of the time, as well as recreate and do almost everything by themselves.
t
Recreation is considered critical to a controlled and orderly prison.
t
The Balance and Restorative Justice Perspective emphasizes collaborative rather than adversarial efforts by all parties within the juvenile justice system.
t
The FBI collects both juvenile and adult crime data in the annual Uniform Crime Reports.
t
The Great Depression helped to expand the use of parole, as more people were sent to prison because of unemployment and Prohibition.
t
The prison staff do not make a recommendation regarding parole in most states.
t
There has been conflict between some medical groups that oppose the use of licensed medical personnel to administer life-ending drugs and state requirements that such medical personnel oversee executions.
t
Until the late 1960s, probation and parole supervision focused on restoring offenders to the community.
t
Drug courts are usually a unit outside the court system.
False (Chapter 2)
Intermediate sanctions provide less supervision and monitoring than standard probation.
False (Chapter 2)
The PSI is not intended to assist courts in the sentencing decision.
False (Chapter 2)
Very few felony cases result in a guilty plea by the defendant, and instead go to trial .
False (Chapter 2)
Each year, jails admit about one-half as many offenders as prisons.
False (Chapter 3)
There are approximately 1,350 jails in the United States.
False (Chapter 3)
The federalization of drug laws has had the greatest effect on the increase in the number of drug offenders in prison.
True
The role of prisons in the U.S. criminal justice system over the past 25 years has grown tremendously.
True
The use of prisons as a criminal sanction has increased in part because of the public's increasing fear of crime, decreasing tolerance of criminals, and demand for tougher sentencing laws.
True
General deterrence presumes that others in society will not commit crimes because they see that there is a punishment for such acts and that individuals receive the prescribed punishments.
True (Chapter 1)
Recently, the principle of restoration of the damage resulting from crime has increased in importance.
True (Chapter 1)
The amount of money that criminal justice agencies receive has expanded exponentially.
True (Chapter 1)
In 1994, California expanded the definition of three-strikes laws to include some second-felony offenders.
True (Chapter 2)
Most states require PSIs for felony cases that allow the possibility of probation.
True (Chapter 2)
The high volume of jail admissions and releases often results in mistakes.
True (Chapter 3)
Inmates are in their cells most of the day and are rarely allowed to move across the prison compound.
F
Before the 1970s, only the most violent and dangerous offenders went to prison, while property offenders usually got probation and supervision in the community.
False
Currently, drug offenders with no prior involvement in crime never receive long mandatory prison sentences.
False
Currently, the public disagrees that confinement facilities are the most effective way to protect the public, punish criminals, and deter them from committing further crimes after release.
False