COSC 175 Exam 3 (Solis)
A ____ Pile is a long steel member that is hammer-driven into the ground. It can be an H-shaped "H-Pile" or a round "Pipe Pile".
Steel
_____ Piles are hammer-driven and topped with a pile cap to make the cluster of them work as a total load-carrying system.
Steel
____ Piles can either be a ____ pile (hammer-driven to friction resistance of soil) or ____ and ____ (hammer-driven into a rock substrate).
Steel, Friction, Hammered and Socketed
Commercial foundation drawings are part of the _____ prints.
Structural
For wall footings, the top of the footing is given an elevation marked, for example, ___ = 91'-4" or _/___ = 91'-4".
TOF, T/FTG
Loadbearing walls over slab-on-grade flooring require a ____ slab to support them.
Thicker
A column schedule shows the number and size of vertical rebar required, as well as the size and spacing of ____ (horizontal rebar placed around the vertical bars).
Ties
TOF means:
Top Of Footing
T/FTG means:
Top of Footing
____-____ Joists are supported at the ends of the top chord, which is the most common method of support.
Top-Bearing
Points of weakness in framing and walls occur at ______ and ___ degree angles.
Transitions, 90
(T/F) A slab-on-grade is NOT considered a structural slab but can assist in load-carrying and resistance to cracking.
True
(T/F) Both poured and CMU foundation walls are usually reinforced with rebar.
True
(T/F) Concrete is strong in compression but has NO useful tensile strength.
True
(T/F) Concrete masonry unit foundation walls are considered more efficient because no forms are required.
True
(T/F) Deformed rebar offers a better bond with concrete.
True
(T/F) Elevations show the materials used on the exterior of the building.
True
(T/F) Every column has both uplift and downlift.
True
(T/F) In a Retaining Wall, rebar should be placed on the earth (load) side to resist tensile (stretching) forces.
True
(T/F) In structural steel buildings, the floors are almost always concrete supported by metal decking.
True
(T/F) In theory, concrete never stops curing.
True
(T/F) In theory, if steel is prestressed, reinforced concrete is subject to no tension & no cracking.
True
(T/F) Metal decking on a steel building is commonly used as formwork for the concrete to be cast.
True
(T/F) Normally, a column footing is larger than a footing below a wall.
True
(T/F) Post-tensioned steel does NOT bond to the surrounding concrete.
True
(T/F) Post-tensioning is normally done on the job site.
True
(T/F) Pretensioned steel bonds to the surrounding concrete.
True
(T/F) Pretensioning is only done in precasting plants.
True
(T/F) Steel beams can be protected from fire by encasing them in concrete.
True
(T/F) Steel joists are typically used for floor and roof structures and are more cost-efficient than wide-flange beams.
True
(T/F) Steel joists can be top-bearing or bottom-bearing.
True
(T/F) The footings used in a monolithic slab are called turned-down footings.
True
The Plan North with typically be different from the ____ North.
True
A ______ slab system is a concrete floor system in which girders and beams run in two directions and the main rebar spans in two directions.
Two-way
The Flat Plate slab system and the Flat Slab system are both basic types of ______ slab systems.
Two-way
When Reinforcing a Column, _______ bars are large diameter and placed vertically to add strength in compression and resist buckling/bending.
Vertical (Column)
A _____ is a type of two-way slab system that uses pans or domes to form its support structure.
Waffle slab
A ______ is a linear piece of PVC placed within the concrete at joints, such as keyways, to prevent water seepage and act as a moisture barrier.
Waterstop
Rebar is available in 11 different sizes:
#3-#11, #14, #18
A #8 rebar is___ inch diameter.
1
The minimum amount of concrete/clearance between a foundation wall's rebar and the wall of earth it rests against is ______ inches.
1 1/2"
5 Types of foundation systems covered:
1) Footings and walls 2) Grade beams 3) Auger cast piles 4) Caissons 5) Steel piles
Steel joists are grouped into 3 major series:
1) K-Series (Light Commercial, 10'-30' depth, up to 60' span) *Short 2) LH-Series (Longspan, 18"-48" depth, up to 96' span) *Medium 3) DLH-Series (Deep Longspan, 52"-120" depth, up to 240' span) *Long
Open-Web Joists are designated by 3 parts:
1) The depth in inches, 2) the Type, 3) A number corresponds to the size of top and bottom chords (EX: 12K3)
A #4 rebar is___inch in diameter.
1/2
Prestressed concrete (either pretension or post-tension) only uses ___ the amount of concrete and ___ the amount of steel required for conventionally reinforced concrete.
1/2, ¼
What is the typical scale of a floor plan?
1/4" = 1'-0"
Floor plans show the building layout, typically at a scale of ___ = 1' and is usually a horizontal cut ___ feet above the floor.
1/4", 4'
Rebar Sizes correspond to____ths of an inch.
1/8" (#4 = 4/8" = ½" diameter)
Calculate the amount of concrete needed (in cubic yards) to pour a 6 inch thick slab that is 20 feet by 30 feet.
11.11 cubic yards (20 x 30 x 0.5 / 27)
2000 pounds is equivalent to __ KIPs (K).
2
The most commonly used shapes of structural steel are the ___-___ beam (W) and the __-___ (S).
Wide-Flange, I-Beam (Other shapes: Pipes, Tubes, Channels, Angles, Tees)
A typical Beam dimension of W12X40 indicates:
Wide-flange beam (W), a nominal depth of 12", and a weight of 40 lbs. per linear foot
The footings that support columns are ____ and ____ than those beneath foundation walls.
Wider, Thicker
If the minimum lap for rebar is 40 diameters, how long would the splice need to be for a #4 bar?
20" (4/8" = 1/2", 1/2" x 40 = 20")
Where would the size and type of a window be found?
Window Schedule
Types of Schedules include:
Window, Lighting Fixture, Door, Room Finish
If plans call for #6 rebar and minimum required overlap is 30 bar diameters, how long would the splice/lap need to be?
22.5 inches (6/8 * 30)
Concrete is considered to be at 100% strength after___days.
28
The minimum amount on concrete/clearance between the rebar in the bottom of a footing and the earth that it rests upon is ______ inches.
3"
A # 6 rebar is___ inch in diameter.
3/4
Rebar reinforcing is typically spliced by overlapping ___ bar diameters.
30
Drawings typically include a minimum of ___ elevation drawings.
4 (every side of building)
If the TOF= 95'-6" and the first-floor elevation = 100'-0", how far below grade is the top of the footing?
4'-6"
Common Grades of rebar are:___, ___, and___.
40, 60, 75
What does the 12 designate in "12K3" ?
A 12" deep joist
Concrete left exposed that's intended to serve as a finish is called ______ concrete.
Architectural
______ Drawings specify interior and exterior materials, structural component requirements, and windows, doors, insulation, and finishes.
Architectural
_______ Prints include floor plans, elevations, sections, details, door and window schedules, and room finish schedules.
Architectural
Waterproofing foundations usually consists of mopping the outer foundation walls with tar or ____ and providing a layer of crushed rock/gravel along the wall for drainage.
Asphalt
While the drilling shaft is being removed, ___ ___ piles are pumped full of concrete to prevent air pockets/voids.
Auger cast
____ ____ ____ are drilled with 12"-14" steel augers and topped with a pile cap to make the cluster of them work as a total load-carrying system.
Auger cast piles
_____ runs horizontally beneath floor systems and are supported at their ends by other beams, girders, or columns.
Beams
Circumference of a circle:
C = 2(pi)r
Which of the following would NOT be found in the Architectural Drawings? A) Types of paint B) Types of insulation C) Property line lengths D) Layout of light switches E) Toilet partitions
C) Property line lengths
______ are usually 18"-72" in diameter. Before concrete is poured, they're drilled with steel augers, soil tested at the bottom, and rebar cage is installed.
Caissons
Rebar can be 3 types of steel, denoted (): ___________ (S), _____ ________ (W), _______ (A)
Carbon (S), Low Alloy (W), Axle (A)
A commercial foundation plan shows the basic layout of the column _____, footing support system, and columns and walls.
Centerlines
Rebar support includes: _____, ______, and ____ ____.
Chairs, Bolsters, concrete bricks
______ are vertical support members made from reinforced concrete.
Columns
Prestressing steel members puts the concrete into _____.
Compression
Some beams, such as the T-Beam, are smaller at the bottom (with rebar for tension strength) and wider at the top, where _____ strength is needed.
Compressive
Foundation walls can either be poured-in-place concrete or ___ ____ ___ (concrete blocks).
Concrete masonry units
Above grade structural systems are divided into two major groups: _____ construction and ____ construction.
Concrete, Steel
A waffle slab is a type of: A) steel floor system B) metal decking C) framing procedure D) concrete floor system E) none of the above
D) Concrete floor system
The ______ is the combined weight of all permanent components of the building, including the structural frame, floors, roofs, walls, foundation, and building systems such as plumbing, electrical, and mechanical.
Dead Load
Rebar can be either ____ or ____ and provide extra strength to resist forces of tension, shear, and compression.
Deformed, Plain
_____ Plans show existing walls, doors, and windows that are to be removed or changed.
Demolition
Common floor plans include:
Demolition, Enlarged, Reflected Ceiling, Floor Finish, Overview
A ______ is an enlarged view of a section or plan to show finer detail. Created at a larger scale.
Detail
Where would batt insulation typically be detailed? A) Floor plan B) Structural drawing C) Grading plan D) Room finish schedule E) Wall section
E) wall section
The _____ Plan includes the lighting plan, reflected ceiling plan, and panel schedules.
Electrical
A(n) _____ is a measurement referenced to a known point.
Elevation
_________ depict the interior or exterior features of a building.
Elevations
____ Plans show more detail in larger scale for complex areas, such as stairways, bathrooms, and kitchens.
Enlarged
_____ joints are often placed between a slab and a wall, also around columns, to prevent cracking due to expansion and contraction.
Expansion
A(n) _________ ______ is placed between a slab and a wall.
Expansion Joint
_____ Elevations show underground features with hidden lines.
Exterior
(T/F) Details are typically made at a smaller scale than floor plans.
False
(T/F) Floor plans show all of the info needed to build a building.
False
(T/F) On an exterior elevation, underground footings are shown with solid, continuous lines.
False, (dotted, hidden lines)
Openings in a wall, such as a door or window, may be referred to as ______.
Fenestrations
The ____ Plan acts as a reference for the location of additional enlarged plans, sections, elevations, and details. Also a reference for Mechanical, Plumbing, and Electrical plans.
Floor
_____ Plans show floor finishes and layouts in more complex designs.
Floor Finish
____ loads are first transferred to beams, then to ____, and then to the _____.
Floor, Columns, Foundation
Places with concentrated loads require thicker _____.
Footings
______ are shown as hidden lines on foundation plans.
Footings
______ are the "feet" upon which the entire building rests.
Footings
The ____ plan is where the section cuts and details are indicated.
Foundation
The ______ consists of concrete footings, grade beams, and foundation walls.
Foundation
The elevations for a foundation are marked on the _____ plan view.
Foundation
____ ____ are the base of the building. They transfer the weight of the building to the footings and then to the ground below.
Foundation walls
On residential prints, the footings, beams, and structural components for the foundation are shown on a ____ plan or _____ plan.
Foundation, Basement
The sizes of footings are shown on the ____ plan or on a _____ of the foundation wall.
Foundation, Detail
The building structure consists of two major components: the _____ and the above-grade _____ system.
Foundation, Framing
Auger cast piles can either be a ____ pile (earth's friction to resist loads) or ___ and ____ (Rock substrate to resist loads).
Friction, Drilled and Socketed
The ____ line is the deepest point to which the ground will freeze. Thus, footings must be placed below it.
Frost
Footings must rest on undistributed earth below the ____ ____.
Frost Line
A ____ Beam is typically used to span over weak disturbed spots in the soil support system.
Grade
____ Beams are made of reinforced concrete that spans from footing to footing.
Grade
Minimum Rebar Grade allowed by IRC:
Grade 40 (40,000 psi)
Columns are identified by a ___ system of numbers and letters (column mark) on the plan view and specified on a Column _____ that shows its size, location, steel reinforcing requirements.
Grid, Schedule
On a residential foundation plan, footings are shown as _________ lines.
Hidden
Visible voids in concrete members are called ______.
Honeycombs
______ Elevations are used when additional interior wall surface detail is needed.
Interior
______ Elevations may show cabinets, bathroom layouts, and window walls.
Interior
An open-web joist designated 12K3 means:
K-series joist is 12" deep, 3 refers to the relative size of chords
A __________ is a slotted joint in concrete used to connect portions cast at different times.
Keyway
Wall footings typically have a ____ to prevent the wall from sliding.
Keyway (B)
The ____ is a list of symbols and their corresponding meaning included on a print.
Legend
________ are nonpermanent loads caused by the weight of the building's occupants, furnishings, and moveable equipment.
Live Load
____ Form Decking supports concrete floors until the concrete hardens and the slab is able to carry its own weight.
Metal
A common accessory/fixture schedule includes a symbol, number, or "tag" to identify each item and includes the _____ number, description, manufacturer or ____, and any remarks.
Model, Brand
Floating slab construction is a type of slab-on-grade construction that uses a ______ slab (where the slab and footings are cast as one continuous unit). The footings in this type of construction, called ___-___ footings, are common for slab-on-grade.
Monolithic, Turned-Down
Rebar to be placed in concrete is designated with a note on the drawing, giving the ___ of bars, bar ___, spacing, and _____.
Number, Size, Placement
Where would ceiling heights be indicated?
On a Full Building Section or an Interior Elevation
A ______ slab system is a concrete floor system in which the supporting girders run parallel to each other and the main rebar spans in one direction.
One-way
____ Plans help to understand the entire project. They show a vast layout at a smaller scale and sections of the layout at a larger scale, on the same sheet.
Overview
For auger cast piles, caissons, and steel pipes, the top of the ___ ___ is the elevation given.
Pile Cap
Concrete has no tensile strength. Solution:
Place rebar in concrete along the tensile forces
A _____ is a view of a building from above that is sliced horizontally.
Plan
If the walls of a building are not parallel to the compass directions, a ____ North may be designated so that the elevation views of a building can be labelled by direction, ie: East Wall.
Plan
Each item in a Schedule is referenced on the _____ and ______ Drawings.
Plan, Elevation
____-__-____ concrete is used for foundation walls where soil and weather conditions exert considerable side pressure on the walls.
Poured-in-place
Most _____ concrete is used for large concrete piping such as storm water drain systems.
Precast
A _____ is a copy of a drawing. AKA blue print, working drawing, or plan.
_____ or ___-___-___ is cast into concrete slabs to help resist shrinkage, cracking, and tension.
Rebar, Welded-wire-fabric
_____ Plans show items in the ceiling layout, such as structural members, light fixtures, and HVAC.
Reflected Ceiling
On what type of drawing would you find a ceiling layout?
Reflected ceiling plan
When a footing must be placed upon ground that has been disturbed, it should be ________ with _________.
Reinforced, Rebar
A ____ ____ schedule provides the builder an easy way to understand the different materials used within each room of a building.
Room Finish
A ______ normally lists the material item, an identification mark, size, and number required.
Schedule
A list of materials included on a drawing is called a _______.
Schedule
A _____ is an interior view of a building sliced vertically.
Section
Rebar is shown as dots and solid lines in ____ views.
Sectional
______ show walls, stairs, and other details not clearly shown in other drawings. Usually drawn larger in scale.
Sections
Beams are given additional strength by adding stirrups to hold the horizontal rebar in place for increased ____ strength.
Shear
Markings on rebar include: its____, ____ ___,____ ____, and ____.
Size, Steel Type, Producing Mill, Grade
A ___-__-___ is a concrete slab poured at ground level, commonly used as both basement floors and main floors.
Slab-on-grade
The bottom of any structural member can be referred to as a ___________.
Soffit
Footing size is determined by engineers based on the type of ____ and the ___ of the structure.
Soil, Weight
______ Reinforcement is needed when a beam or column's length exceeds the length of its rebar.
Splicing
Pretensioned steel requires the use of heavy_______.
abutments
Pretensioning is done when High-strength cables are stretched tightly ______ concrete is cast around them.
before
The greatest Tension Forces in a simple concrete beam occur at the _____/_____of the beam.
bottom, middle
The ____ ____ will give the depth of the frost line, and how far beneath it the bottom of the footings must be placed.
building code
Auger ____ ____, Caissons, and Steel ____ are all used to transfer loads down through unsuitable soil to more appropriate load-carrying materials.
cast piles, piles
Prints are usually arranged according to the order of _______.
construction
The purpose of rebar in a slab-on-grade is to assist in _____-_____ and resistance to _______ due drying shrinkage.
load-carrying, cracking
Area of a circle:
pi(r)^2
Concrete is capable of carrying greater loads when _______ steel is used as reinforcing.
prestressed
Welded wire fabric is used to ____________
reinforce concrete slabs
Post-tensioning is done when High-strength cables are placed within________, placed in concrete and tensioned ______ concrete is cast.
sleeves (tubes), After
A _____ test is used to determine workability of fresh wet concrete.
slump
Higher strength steel allows for rebar that is _____ in diameter or with greater spacing.
smaller
To reinforce a column, _____ or _____ are wrapped around the vertical bars to prevent them from buckling outward.
spirals, ties
Footing ____ allow the foundation to go lower in certain parts than others.
steps
Rebar should be placed in concrete along the lines of_____ forces.
tension
(T/F) Rebar is added to concrete to improve tensile (pulling) strength.
true
Consolidating Concrete eliminates____and____pockets in concrete mix.
voids, air