CR 2823 Ch 9

The notion of probable cause is derived from the ______ Amendment.

14th

Which of the following amendments is often referred to as the due process amendment?

14th

Which amendment refers to freedom of religion and speech and often requires police intervention to protect protesters or those protested against?

1st

Which of the following amendments deals with the right to bear arms?

2nd

The ______ Amendment is probably the most fluid amendment with respect to changes in case law and the requirements that must be met to search persons, properties, and vehicles.

4th

Which of the following amendments prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of persons, houses, papers, and effects and requires that probable cause be demonstrated prior to the issuing of warrants?

4th

The right against self-incrimination is guaranteed in the ______ Amendment.

5th

What is the acronym for remembering exemptions to Search Warrant Requirement?

Ace Pipes

Which of the following is true about probable cause?

An officer can establish probable cause based on his or her own observations.

What are the first ten amendments to the constitution known as?

Bill of Rights

In which of the following cases did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the acquisition of the suspect's cell-site records was a Fourth Amendment search, and that the suspect had a reasonable expectation of privacy?

Carpenter v. United States

______ defines and determines the rights of individuals to protect their persons and property.

Civil law

______ law was established to maintain peace and order, and its basic purpose is to protect society from the injurious acts of individuals.

Criminal

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court reverse a 70-year position that the 2nd Amendment should apply only to organized militias?

District of Columbia v. Heller

What is the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine?

Evidence found indirectly as a result of a constitution violation.

An officer can search a vehicle no matter what.

False

What is the plain view doctrine?

If a police officer sees an incriminating object in a plain view during a legitimate stop, he or she may seize the object.

In ______, the U.S. Supreme Court held that warrantless searches conducted in exigent circumstances do not violate the 4th Amendment so long as the police did not create the exigency by violating or threatening to violate the 4th Amendment.

Kentucky v. King

What decision concerning the use of force is the most critical for a police officer?

Lethal Force

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that the personal right to keep and bear arms applies not only to the federal government but also to state and local governments?

McDonald v. Chicago

In which of the following cases did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that prolonging the detention of a person who is subject to a traffic stop for the purpose of waiting for drug-sniffing dogs to arrive and further inspect the vehicle is unconstitutional?

Rodriquez v. U.S

Which of the following court cases held that the 1st Amendment protects hateful protests at military funerals?

Snyder v. Phelps et al.

The exclusionary rule was first expounded in ______ and applied only to federal law enforcement officers.

Weeks v. United States

Which of the following best exemplifies the crime control model?

breaking down a door, finding drugs, and arresting the individual

The ______ is a judicially imposed requirement that any evidence obtained by the police using methods that violate an individual's constitutional rights be excluded in a criminal prosecution against that individual.

consent decree

Which of the following occurs when an individual voluntarily waives his or her 4th Amendment rights and allows a police officer to search his or her person, belongings, vehicle, or home?

consent search

If you are an officer who arrests persons because you know without any doubt they are guilty of a crime but prior to obtaining all the necessary evidence and following proper procedures, you subscribe to which line of thinking?

crime control model

Which of the following prevents the federal government and all states from denying the protection of the law to any group of persons by making arbitrary, unreasonable distinctions based on race, religion, gender, and national origin?

equal protection clause

The impact of the privilege against self-incrimination on police actions is related to all of the following EXCEPT for ______.

evidence

What rule prohibits the use of evidence in court if it was obtained by police or an agent of the police in violation of the constitutional rights of the suspect?

exclusionary rule

The exclusionary rule applies to evidence obtained directly as the result of constitutional violations and also to evidence found indirectly as a result of the violation under what is referred to as the ______.

fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine

The ______ deals with searches conducted with a warrant, and it states that when a police officer acting in good faith obtains a warrant, conducts a search, and seizes evidence, that evidence will not be excluded from court proceedings even if the warrant is later invalidated.

good-faith doctrine

The ______ deals with searches conducted with a warrant.

good-faith doctrine

The ______ doctrine holds that illegally obtained evidence may be admitted if it was also obtained through an independent source not tainted by police misconduct.

independent source

The ______ holds that illegally obtained evidence may be admitted if it was also obtained through an independent source not tainted by police misconduct.

independent source doctrine

The ______ allows the admission of illegally obtained evidence if it would have been discovered lawfully in the "normal course of events" anyway.

inevitable discovery doctrine

The ______ holds that if a police officer sees an incriminating object in plain view during a legitimate stop, he or she may seize the object.

plain view doctrine

All of the following may lead to police intervention EXCEPT for ______.

political speech

The Supreme Court found that ______ exists when facts and circumstances within a police officer's knowledge, which are based on reasonably trustworthy information, are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution to believe it is more likely than not that an offense has been or is being committed by the person being arrested.

probable cause

It is the responsibility of the ______ in a given jurisdiction to advise the police in matters pertaining to law and to help them prepare cases for trial.

prosecutor

When based on objective facts and logical conclusions given a specific set of circumstances, ______ may be used as the basis for stopping and frisking suspicious individuals.

reasonable suspicion

A ______ occurs "when an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider reasonable is infringed."

search

A ______ of property occurs when there is some meaningful interference with an individual's possessory interests in that property.

seizure

An order in writing, issued by a judge, that commands the officer requesting it to search for certain types of property in certain locations is referred to as a ______.

warrant

Which of the following represents the point at which an investigation becomes an interrogation?

when the investigation is no longer a general inquiry but has begun to focus on a particular suspect