Criminal Investigation Lesson 3

Often _____ is located using alternative light systems (ALSs).

Trace evidence

Portable _____ are quite useful in locating very small items of evidence. These units are particularly effective in gathering hairs, fibers, and certain types of drug evidence.

Trace evidence vacuums

_____ is a chronic bacterial infection that is spread by air and is accountable for more deaths worldwide than any other infectious disease.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Identify the three basic methods of documenting a crime scene.

Videography, digital still photography, and sketching and mapping

If there is a chance the victim may die, the investigator should always get _____.

a dying declaration

A misdemeanor is a lesser offense that may be punishable by:

a fine, ordinarily not to exceed $500 and/or imprisonment for no more than a year.

A felony is an act usually punishable by imprisonment for:

a term of one or more years, or death.

A _____ is a basic diagram of the scene showing important points, such as the locations where various pieces of physical evidence were located.

crime scene sketch

The advantage of using the _____ method is that when there are multiple points of interest in several different walls, they can be displayed simultaneously in one sketch, as opposed to having to make and refer to multiple elevation sketches.

cross-projection

A perspective sketch is the easiest to make because it requires drawing an object of interest in only one dimension.

false

Blood-splattered wall and bullet holes in windows are examples of a cross-projection sketch.

false

Crime scene coordination includes interviewing witnesses, conducting and documenting the neighborhood canvass, and a field interrogation of the suspect if he/she is in custody.

false

The investigator assigned to a call must prepare an incident/offense report so the district attorney will have all the facts of the case.

false

A(n) _____ is the police effort expended after the initial incident report is completed until the case is ready for prosecution.

follow-up investigation

The rule of _____ requires that standard samples and elimination prints always be obtained when appropriate.

inclusiveness

The actions taken by the first officer to arrive at the scene of a crime after its detection and reporting are collectively termed the "_____."

preliminary investigation

At a crime scene, if there are no satisfactory options in causing or allowing the contamination or destruction of evidence, saving the victim's life has a higher value than preserving physical evidence.

true

Elimination prints are useful in determining whether a latent fingerprint found at a crime scene belongs to the suspect.

true

Forensic services is the responsibility of the senior representative of the department's central crime laboratory or a crime scene processing unit.

true

Human behavior is rich in its variety; in reconstructing a crime, investigators must be alert to the danger of imparting their own probable motives or actions to the perpetrator unless there are solid grounds for doing so.

true

In defining a crime scene, officers must make sure that they also identify possible or actual lines of approach to, and flight from, the scene and protect them also.

true

Misdemeanors are lesser offenses that may be punishable by a fine, ordinarily not to exceed $500, and/or imprisonment for no more than one year.

true

The chain of custody is the witnessed, unbroken, written chronological history of who had the evidence when.

true

The identification and location of the suspect are the goals of tracing evidence; corpus delicti and associative evidence may also serve these purposes.

true

The primary crime scene is the location where the initial offense was committed, whereas the locations of all subsequent connected events are secondary scenes.

true

After interviewing the victim of a crime and two witnesses and examining the crime scene and the physical evidence, you use all of this information as a basis for developing a unifying and internally consistent explanation of the event. You have _____.

used inductive reasoning

Which type of evidence serves to substantiate the distinct set of elements whose commission or omission must be demonstrated to have occurred in order to prove a criminal offense?

Corpus delicti evidence

Which of the following types of trace evidence may react (fluoresce) from an alternate light system?

A) Fingerprints and bodily fluids

_____ is defined as a written chronological record of all persons who enter and leave the crime scene and the times they do so, along with their reason for entering.

Crime scene entry log sheet

A basic diagram of the scene showing important points, such as the locations where various pieces of physical evidence were located is the _____.

Crime scene sketch

Using _____ to document a crime scene offers several advantages: cameras are relatively inexpensive, they incorporate audio, their use can be quickly learned, and the motion holds the attention of viewers.

Digital videography

A list of each item of evidence; the names of the collector and witnesses; and the location, date, and time of the collection are contained in the _____ log and in the lifted prints log.

Evidence recovery

_____ is the process of taking and recording the precise measurements of items of evidence to be drawn or "fixed" on a sketch.

Forensic mapping

Which of the following is not one of the four types of sketches listed in the textbook?

Forensic mapping sketch

Which search pattern has the searchers doubling back perpendicularly across the area being examined?

Grid

In the context of the common methods of forensic mapping, which of the following was used by archaeologists for many years to record where artifacts and other notable discoveries were made?

Grid system

The _____ is a blood-borne pathogen that is also present in many other body fluids and most commonly spread through vaginal and anal intercourse.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Which of the following statements defines an administrative log?

It is a written record of the actions taken by the crime scene coordinator, including assignments and release of the scene.

_____ is bidirectional in that it connects the perpetrator to the scene or victim, or connects the scene or victim to the suspect.

Associative evidence

The textbook refers to five major forensic mapping methods. These include: rectangular coordinates, triangulation, _____, polar coordinates, and the grid system.

Baseline coordinates

Which of the following terms is defined as a systematic approach to interviewing residents, merchants, and others who were in the immediate vicinity of a crime and may have useful information?

Neighborhood canvass

Identify the three major functions to be executed at the scene of a crime.

Overall coordination, forensic services, investigative services

The _____ search entails dividing an area into a number of pie-shaped sections that are then searched, usually though a variation of the strip method.

Pie/wheel

In the context of the common methods of forensic mapping, which of the following is the best method to use with scenes having clear and specific boundaries, such as interior walls?

Rectangular coordinates

_____ are the sketches that are made in the field and/or at the crime scene.

Rough sketches

Which of the following is a step involved in a preliminary investigation?

Securing the crime scene and evidence

Which of the following crime scene search patterns is usually employed in outdoor scenes and is normally executed by a single person?

Spiral

Which of the following would constitute a basis for assigning a "cleared by exceptional means" classification to a case?

The suspect is known to the police, but the victim refuses to cooperate with the prosecution.

Identify a true statement about successful investigators.

They know that investigation is a systematic method of inquiry that is more science than art