Criminal Justice - Chapter 4,5,6

_______________________ are characterized by a division of labor, a chain of command, and rules to guide the activities of staff.

Bureaucracies

A situation in which a police officer uses his or her authority to deprive people of their liberty or property, and that must not be "unreasonable" according to the Fourth Amendment.

seizure

Police officers who provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless are fulfilling which of the following police functions?

service

In order for a stop to be permissible, officers must have:

reasonable suspicion.

The police subculture is comprised of four key components, which include all of the following EXCEPT:

religious practice

Most police work is reactive, which means that police primarily:

respond to citizen calls for service.

Excessive use of force violates what amendment?

Fourth

The Federal Bureau of Investigation rose to prominence under the leadership of:

J. Edgar Hoover

The increased use of volunteers in policing has been largely the result of:

budget reductions

Which historical era of policing involved close ties between police and local leaders of government?

the political era

Which of the following statements about women in policing is TRUE?

Women have been serving as police officers since the early 1900s.

A written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation and submitted to judicial officers to fulfill the requirements of probable cause for obtaining a warrant, is the definition of:

an affidavit.

In the case of U.S. v. Drayton (2002), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that police officers:

are not obligated to notify citizens they have a right to say "no" to a search.

A significant deprivation of liberty, involving taking a person into custody, transporting them to a police station or jail, and processing them into the criminal justice system, is called a(n):

arrest.

Chief James Monroe is reviewing the recently approved city council budget, which may require a reduction in staff. He is in the process of determining, what, if any other measures can be taken to reduce fiscal spending. The department serves an upper-middle-class community, which typically is not favorable towards a lack of resources. Chief Monroe is responsible for a division of labor, a chain of command, and rules to guide activities of his staff, which are the hallmarks of running a:

bureaucracy

The idea that crime control does not rest solely with the police is in line with the concept of:

community crime prevention

The focus of intelligence-led policing is:

the prevention of crime

Which two elements of police work define the working personality?

danger and authority

The job of the ______ is mainly to talk to witnesses, suspects, and victims.

detective

In federal agencies, the work of special agents is most similar to that of:

detectives.

CALEA is a nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives' associations to:

develop standards for police policies and practices, review police agencies, award accreditation, and determine if standards are met.

Violent victimization that may occur between intimate partners, which frequently requires the use of officer discretion, is called:

domestic violence.

Making the police presence known, to deter crime and to make officers available to respond quickly to calls is characteristic of a(n) ______patrol.

preventative

This type of policing involves examining social science studies on the nature of crime and social problems.

evidence based

Because the fourth amendment protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by all law enforcement officials, evidence found through improper searches or seizures must be:

excluded.

Federal agencies typically look for college graduates and often require special skills such as:

foreign languages

Interpol was created in order to:

foster cooperation among the world's police forces.

Police forces throughout the United States are characterized by:

fragmentation and a local orientation

Which of the following is a characteristic of watchman style of policing?

ignoring minor violations of the law

According to the theory of broken windows, police should focus more on:

maintaining order by being attentive to "little problems."

According to the Supreme Court, exigent circumstances might exist when:

officers believe others might be in grave danger.

Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite to apply for work as a police officer?

pass a firearm use test

Which of the following is a prerequisite to apply for work as a police officer?

pass a polygraph test

Which type of police officers accounts for two-thirds of all sworn officers?

patrol

Officers who partake in a wide range of practices including abusive language, physical force, and/or violence are guilty of:

police brutality

Susan Frye has been recently hired by the Bellview Police Department as a patrol officer. She has completed an associate degree and basic law enforcement training. She would like to continue her education by acquiring a bachelor's degree in order to be qualified should promotional opportunities become available. Susan aspires to one day be the chief of police for Bellview. Susan has completed the basic requirement to become an officer in her municipality. As she begins working within the department, she will learn the informal rule of the department from the other seasoned officers. This process is known as:

socialization

A "pat down" search is also known as a:

stop-and-frisk search.

Jimmy was walking down the street late at night. A squad car pulled alongside him and ordered him to stop. The two officers then got out of the car and proceeded to frisk Jimmy. The police have just subjected Jimmy to what is called a:

stop-and-frisk search.

A brief interference with a person's freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n):

stop.

Some professionals have become concerned about lower-level security workers because:

such positions have a high turnover rate, the pay rate is generally low, and low-level workers may be people who cannot find employment elsewhere.

What employees have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and use necessary force in the commission of their duties?

sworn officers

In United States v. Jones (2012) the Supreme Court decided:

that placing a GPS tracking device on a drug suspect's car without a warrant is a search that falls under the rules of the Fourth Amendment.

Henry Fielding organized a group of "thief takers" to pursue and arrest law breakers, which became known as:

the Bow Street Runners

To improve efficiency, police departments utilize the policy of differential response, which allows:

the appropriate response.

Oftentimes, citizens will form a committee to investigate complaints against the police, which are referred to as:

the civilian review board.

According to critics of the use of volunteers in policing, which of the following is NOT a reason to discontinue their use?

the cost of running such programs

Illinois v. Gates (1983) is the U.S. Supreme Court decision that established that:

the flexible totality of circumstances test for determining the existence of the probable cause needed for obtaining a search warrant.

A flexible test established by the Supreme Court for identifying whether probable cause exists that permits the judge to determine whether the available evidence is both sufficient and reliable enough to issue a warrant is the definition of:

the totality of circumstances.

In Missouri v. McNeely (2013) the Supreme Court decided:

to make it a requirement for the police to seek search warrants, if possible, before taking involuntary blood tests from suspected drunk drivers.

The majority of searches take place without a:

warrant.