Critical Thinking Quiz 3

6 frames

1Authority Is Constructed and Contextual 2Information Creation as a Process 3Information Has Value 4Research as Inquiry 5Scholarship as Conversation 6Searching as Strategic Exploration

2 considerations that apply to the principal of indifference

First, it can often be difficult to determine what constitutes an outcome Second, it is not always obvious when the condition is met

Logical Probability (principal of indiference)

It says that probabilities are the result of a precisely structured model of possible outcomes of events. Generalize the way that we determined the probability of getting a four on a pair of six sided dice by considering each possible way things could go, and apply that to all other probabilistic situations.

2 elements of framework

Knowledge practices which are demonstrations of ways in which learners can increase their understanding of these information literacy concepts Dispositions which describe ways in which to address the affective, attitudinal, or valuing dimension of learning.

research as inquiry

Research is iterative and depends upon asking increasingly complex or new questions whose answers in turn develop additional questions or lines of inquiry in any field.

Median

the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it

Survey Sampling

5 components - sample(group of examples looked at), population(larger group we are estimating about), sampling frame, the individual(some property that is measured and that is our interest and this is the thing that the pop and sample are groups of), the variable of interest(property we are interested in)

scholarship as conversation

Communities of scholars, researchers, or professionals engage in sustained discourse with new insights and discoveries occurring over time as a result of varied perspectives and interpretations

information has value

Information possesses several dimensions of value, including as a commodity, as a means of education, as a means to influence, and as a means of negotiating and understanding the world. Legal and socioeconomic interests influence information production and dissemination

four theories of probability

Relative Frequency Subjectivism Logical Probability Propensity

searching as strategic exploration

Searching for information is often nonlinear and iterative, requiring the evaluation of a range of information sources and the mental flexibility to pursue alternate avenues as new understanding develops.

standard deviations

The basic idea of standard deviation is it measures how much, on average, data differs from the average, and gives us a quick and easy way of measuring how spread out a set of values are. if numbers are very spread out they means sd will be high - if they are clumped together they will have a smaller sd

Principal of indifference

When we have no reason to suppose otherwise, we should assume that all outcomes are equally likely

Monty Hall Problem

an example of an error in decision making in which someone fails to properly estimate the probability of an outcome after being given additional information - 3 doors pick one opens one of the others theres a goat now has the option to switch or stay or it docent matter --> its better to switch. most people chose to switch or say that it dosent matter. once u get rid of the third door there is now a 2/3 probability that you are wrong initially so its 2/3 better prob to switch so we had more information than we thought

significance test

determine if you have some reason to think that the evidence you have in front of you is actually indicative of a phenomenon, or if it may be safely judged to be a statistical anomaly.

conceptual understanding

focus on essential concepts and questions in developing curricula, and also by threshold concepts, which are those ideas that are passageways or portals to enlarged understanding or ways of thinking and practicing within that discipline.

3 types of averages

mean, median, mode -- some are better than others in certain situations all are representative of an average

mean

most commonly referred to when averages are discussed - add up all values and divide by how many numbers there are

Probability

quantified measurement of likelihoods - a likelihood that something will happen or is true

metaliteracy

renewed vision of information literacy as an overarching set of abilities in which students are consumers and creators of information who can participate successfully in collaborative spaces. Metaliteracy demands behavioral, affective, cognitive, and metacognitive engagement with the information ecosystem.

framework for information literacy for higher education

the belief that information literacy as educational reform will realize its potential only through a richer, more complex set of core ideas. based on a cluster of interconnected core concepts with flexible options for implementation, rather than on a set of standards or learning outcomes or any prescriptive enumeration of skills.

Mode

the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution