CSC200
What kind of ambiguity is demonstrated in the phrase "paint the town"? Explain.
This is a lexical ambiguity because that phrase can have different meanings. A person who is not familiar with the phrase may think of it as actually painting the town. Someone who may have heard the phrase may think of it as having a a celebration. Due to multiple meanings, this phrase is considered a lexical ambiguity.
True or False? An assembler translates assembly-language programs into machine code.
True
True or False? Spreadsheets and word processors are examples of software applications.
True
A(n) _______________ can store approximately 600 MB of data, which is read optically using a laser.
CD-ROM
Which of the following translates a high-level language program into machine code? A. procedure B. interpreter C. Bytecode D. paradigm E. compiler
Compiler
A(n) _______________ gate produces an output of 1 only if both input values are 1.
AND
Which gate does the following Boolean expression represent? X = A * B
AND
Which gate does the following truth table represent? A B X 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
AND
What problem does the following algorithm solve? Set count to zero Write "How high?" Read N WHILE count < N Set count to count + 1 Write count
After prompting the user an upper limit N, outputs the integers from 1 to N.
What problem does the following algorithm solve? Set count to zero Set total to zero Write "How many?" Read limit WHILE count < limit Read num Set total to total + num Set count to count + 1 Set ans to total divided by count Write ans
After prompting the user for the number of data points to average, inputs the numbers and outputs the average.
Explain the concept of embedded systems and give examples from your own home.
An embedded system uses integrated computing technology to run or regulate devices such as toasters, cars, and satellites.
What is an integrated circuit?
An integrated circuit, or chip, is a piece of silicon on which multiple gates have been embedded.
A(n) _______________ expression is used as conditions in selection and repetition statements.
Boolean
Which of the following produces a true or false result? A. control structure B. strong typing C. data type D. Boolean expression E. declaration
Boolean expression
Which of the following is a collection of wires that carries address, data, and control information?
Bus
True or False? In a von Neumann architecture, the units that store information and the units that process information are the same.
False
True or False? Large-scale integration is the process of using multiple input devices on a single computer.
False
True or False? Two identifiers with the same spelling but different capitalization are considered to be the same identifiers in languages that are case sensitive.
False
True or False? The approach to problem solving developed by George Polya is valuable, but does not apply to computer-based solutions.
False.
A(n) _______________ gate produces an output of 0 only if both input values are 0.
OR
Which gate does the following Boolean expression represent? X = A + B
OR
Which gate does the following truth table represent? A B X 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
OR
Which of the following languages is not strongly typed?
Python
Which of the following languages uses indentation to indicate blocks of code? A. Java B. C++ C. Python D. VB.NET E. All of the above
Python
A(n) _______________ is represents a color using three numbers that represent the relative contributions of three colors.
RGB
True or False? In the context of object-oriented problem solving, brainstorming is a group activity designed to produce a list of possible classes to be used to solve a particular problem.
True
True or False? Object-oriented design is currently the dominant approach for large programming projects.
True
True or False? Pseudocode is a shorthand-like language that people use to express algorithms.
True
True or False? The Internet is descended from a U.S. government-sponsored network called the ARPANET.
True
True or False? A cooking recipe is an algorithm.
True.
True or False? A recursive solution must have at least two cases, a base case and a general case.
True.
How many hexadecimal digits are needed to describe the bit pattern in a byte? Why?
Two hex digits represent a byte because each hex digit corresponds to four bits.
Convert the following binary number to hexadecimal: 11011011
DB
True or False? A compiler and an interpreter produce the same output.
False
True or False? A loop can be nested within a selection statement, but a selection statement cannot be nested within a loop.
False
True or False? A module cannot be further refined.
False
True or False? Algorithms cannot be tested until they are realized in a computer-based programming language.
False
True or False? An algorithm is a calculation that determines how long it will take to solve a problem.
False
True or False? An event-controlled loop repeats until an event outside of the body of the loop occurs.
False
Analyzing all paths of length one before analyzing paths of length two is a(n) _______________ approach.
depth first search
_______________ is the process of working through a design with a pencil and paper to test an algorithm.
desk checking
_______________ data is a discrete representation, in which information is broken down into pieces and the individual pieces represented.
digital
In an artificial neuron, the _______________ is computed by summing the input values multiplied by their respective weights.
effective weight
A(n) _______________uses integrated computing technology to run or regulate devices such as toasters, cars, and satellites.
embedded system
Which of the following is a language feature that enforces information hiding? A. encapsulation B. inheritance C. class D. polymorphism E. instantiation
encapsulation
Two circuits are considered to be _______________ if they produce the same output for each input value combination.
equivalent
Which of the following is based on rules that embody the expertise of a human in a particular domain?
expert system
Which of the following terms best describes the concept of abstraction?
hiding details
The dominant languages used in industry throughout the history of computing software come from which paradigm? A. imperative (or procedural) B. functional C. logic D. object-oriented
imperative/procedural
During the _______________ phase, an algorithm is translated into a programming language.
implementation
All of the following are considered simple or atomic data types EXCEPT: A. integers B. reals C. characters D. Booleans E. lists
lists
A(n) _______________ is a program that puts a machine-language program into memory so that it can be executed.
loader
The situation, known as a(n)________________, occurs when a subprogram keeps calling itself until the run-time support system runs out of memory.
infinite recursion
What is the practice of hiding the details of a module with the goal of controlling access to the details of the module?
information hiding
Which of the following does NOT represent one of the four stages of the object-oriented design process? A. brainstorming B. filtering C. responsibility algorithms D. scenarios E. information hiding
information hiding
Which of the following is the process of creating an object from a class? A. encapsulation B. inheritance C. class polystation D. polymorphism E. instantiation
instantiation
The _______________ is a register used to hold a copy of the instruction being executed.
instruction register
A(n) _______________ is a natural number, a negative of a natural number, or zero.
integer
A(n) _______________ circuit has multiple gates embedded into it.
integrated
The central processing unit of a computer is which of the following?
integrated circuit
Which of the following translates and executes program statements in sequence, instead of having separate translation and execution steps? A. procedure B. interpreter C. Bytecode D. paradigm E. compiler
interpreter
The circle in the logic symbol of a NOT gate is known as what?
inversion bubble
Which of the following determines the output of a sequential circuit?
its input values and the current state of the circuit
Which of the following determines the output of a combinational circuit?
its input values only
Which text compression technique replaces a frequently used word with a single character?
keyword encoding
Which of the following is the time it takes for the specified sector to rotate to the read/write head of a disk drive?
latency
Which of the following can occur when a word has more than one meaning?
lexical ambiguity
Compare and contrast RAM and ROM.
o RAM o RAM is a form of data storage that can be accessed randomly at any time . o Can be accessed in any order and from any physical location o Stands for Random Access Memory o RAM allows the computer to read data quickly to run applications. It allows reading and writing. o RAM is volatile meaning its contents are lost when the device is powered off. o ROM o ROM is also a form of data storage that can not be easily altered or reprogrammed. o Stands for Read-only memory o ROM stores the program required to initially boot the computer. RAM and ROM are both memory devices. RAM, which stands for random access memory, is generally synonymous with the main memory of the computer and is used for all active processing. The contents of ROM, or read-only memory, are fixed initially and cannot be changed by normal program operations. RAM is volatile, meaning its data will be lost if the power is turned off to the device, whereas ROM is non-volatile. Despite the implications of their names, both RAM and ROM are random access devices, meaning the data can be retrieved directly without moving past intermediate data.
Simula and Smalltalk were the first two languages in the _______________ programming paradigm.
object oriented
C++ is considered a procedural language with features from which other paradigm? A. procedural B. functional C. logic D. object-oriented
object-oriented
In the Pep/8 machine, the _______________ of the instruction indicates which instruction is to be carried out.
operation code
RAM stands for _______________, and is generally synonymous with the main memory of a computer.
random access memory
ROM stands for _______________, which retains its contents even after the power is turned off.
read-only memory
A(n) _______________ is a named heterogeneous collection of items in which individual items are accessed by name.
record
Which of the following is the ability for a subprogram to call itself?
recursion
Which of the following can occur when a pronoun can be applied to multiple objects?
referential ambiguity
A(n) _______________ is a small storage unit in the central processing unit used to store intermediate values or special data.
register
A(n) ______ _________ is a word in a language that has special meaning and thus cannot be used as an identifier.
reserved word
The number of pixels used to represent a picture is called the _______________.
resolution
Computer _______________ is a collection of programs that provide instructions that a computer carries out.
software
_______________ compression removes redundant information within each frame of a video.
spatial
A problem _______________ is produced during the first phase of computer-based solutions that fully describes the problem to be solved.
specification
A von Neumann computer architecture is best characterized by which of the following?
stored-program concept
A(n) _____________________ is a sequence of characters that in some languages can be considered as one data value.
string
Which of the following describes the equality of two systems based on the results and the process by which they were determined?
strong equivalence
Which of the following requires that only a value of the proper type can be stored into a variable? A. control structure B. strong typing C. data type D. Boolean expression E. declaration
strong typing
_______________ is a computing technique in which multiple processors apply the same set of instructions to multiple data sets at the same time.
synchronous processing
Which of the following can occur when a sentence can be constructed in various ways?
syntactic ambiguity
The computer's operating system and language translators are generally known as _______________.
systems software
_______________ compression of video uses delta frames to represent changes from one frame to the next.
temporal
A(n) _______________ is a document that specifies how a program is to be tested.
test plan
The program counter is used to store which of the following?
the memory location of an instruction
Addressability refers to which of the following?
the number of bits stored in each addressable location
What is the first step in the How to Solve It list?
understand the problem
The _______________ character set is an attempt to represent characters and symbols for all languages in the world.
unicode
A(n) _______________ is a hypothetical machine used to illustrate the features of a real machine.
virtual computer
Which of the following describes the process of determining the words that are spoken by a human?
voice recognition
Which of the following describes the use of a computer to create human speech?
voice synthesis
A(n) _______________ is a manual simulation of a design, conducted by the team members.
walk-through
Two systems that produce the same results, but not necessarily by the same process, are said to have _______________ equivalence.
weak
Bytes can be grouped together into a(n) _______________, the size of which is machine-dependent.
word
The rightmost digit represents its value multiplied by the base raised to the _______________ power.
zeroth
Which gate does the following truth table represent? A B X 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
XOR
What is the binary equivalent of ten's complement?
You first take the 9's complement which is subracting the given number from 9 by all number values. From that answer, you add 1. Ex: Given number: 3456 9999 - 3456 _____________ 6543 ------> 6543+1 = 6544
Show the state of the following array after the outer loop of the selection sort algorithm has executed two times. [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 12 1 9 23 17 11
[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 1 9 12 23 17 11
Show the state of the following array after the outer loop of the insertion sort algorithm has executed two times. [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 19 23 2 4 99 1
[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 2 19 23 4 99 1
What causes numeric overflow?
a calculation producing a value that won't fit into the allotted space
A transistor acts like which of the following?
a switch
The _______________ of a recursive solution determines when the recursion stops.
base case
A(n) _________________ search looks for an item sorted list by eliminating large portions of the data on each comparison.
binary
A(n) _______________ is explanatory text added to a program for the benefit of the human reader.
comment
Perform the following binary addition: 11001 + 1110011
10001100
The prefix micro refers to which power of ten?
10^-6
The prefix nano refers to which power of ten?
10^-9
How big is each memory address in the Pep/8 machine?
16 bits
Since the word length in the Pep/8 virtual computer is 2 bytes, how long is the information that flows into and out of the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) of the PEP/8's CPU?
16 bits
How many comparisons will be needed using a binary search to find the value 69 in the following array? Assume that when first + last is odd, the expression (first + last) / 2 is rounded down to the nearest integer [e.g. (5+0)/2 has the value 2]. [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] 14 27 29 38 42 55 57 61 64 69 77 79 84
2
The prefix mega refers to which power of two?
2^20
The prefix giga refers to which power of two?
2^30
Which text compression technique uses variable-length binary strings to represent characters, assigning frequently used characters short codes?
Huffman encoding
Why is it appropriate to consider how a problem is solved by hand prior to considering how it might be solved by a computer?
If we don't understand how a problem could be done by hand, then it would be harder for us to design a solution through a computer.
The gate that produces the opposite results of an AND gate is called a(n) _______________ gate.
NAND
Which gate does the following Boolean expression represent? X = (A * B)'
NAND
Which gate does the following truth table represent? A B X 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
NAND
Which gate does the following Boolean expression represent? X = (A + B)'
NOR
Which gate does the following truth table represent? A B X 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
NOR
A(n) _______________ gate produces the inverse of its single input.
NOT
Which gate does the following Boolean expression represent? X = A'
NOT
Which gate does the following truth table represent? A X 0 1 1 0
NOT
Are the following directions for shampooing hair a good example of an algorithm? Explain. Rinse hair Put shampoo on hair Lather Repeat
No, because there is not end point or limit in the repetitions. This will keep on repeating.
True or False? A high-level language is more English-like than assembly language.
True
True or False? A plan for solving a problem is not an algorithm if it requires infinite time or data.
True
True or False? A register is a small storage area in the CPU.
True
True or False? A touch screen is both an input and output device.
True
The OR and XOR gates produce different values only when both inputs are _______________.
1
Show the state of the following array after the outer loop of the bubble sort algorithm has executed one time. [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 19 23 2 4 99 1
1,19,23,2,4,99
______________, _____________, ______________, and _______________ represent the four ordered steps in the fetch-execute processing data and instruction processing cycle.
1. Fetch the next instruction (from the place named in the programcounter). 2. Decode the instruction (and update the programcounter). 3. Get data (operand) if needed. 4. Execute the instruction.
How many comparisons will be needed using a sequential search to find the value 69 in the following array? [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] 14 27 29 38 42 55 57 61 64 69 77 79 84
10
How many comparisons does it take using a binary search to find the value 9 in the following array? Assume that when first + last is odd, the expression (first + last) / 2 is rounded down to the nearest integer [e.g. (5+0)/2 has the value 2]. [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 1 9 11 12 17 23
3
Convert the following octal number to decimal: 476
318
How is the decimal number 32.0001 represented using the decimal floating-point notation described in the text?
320001*10^-4
Convert the following binary number to octal: 11011011
333
How many comparisons does it take using a sequential search to find the value 23 in the following array? [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 12 1 9 23 17 11
4
Convert the following decimal number to octal: 297
451
What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number 1C9F?
7327
How many things can be represented using three bits?
8
How big is each addressable memory location in the Pep/8 machine?
8 bits
Name the three basic capabilities of a computer.
A computer can store, retrieve, and process data.
What is a register?
A register is a small storage area in the CPU used to store intermediate values or special data.
Which of the following is not one of the three laws of robotics defined by Isaac Asimov?
A robot must obey orders given it by another robot.
What is a transistor?
A transistor is kind of like a switch that allows electricity to flow through or block it from coming in. It depends on the voltage level of its input signal.
List the four primary steps in the top-down methodology.
Analyze the problem, write the main module, write the remaining modules, and re-sequence and revise as necessary.
Discuss the three primary features or functionality of an object-oriented programming language.
Encapsulation - A language feature that enforces information hiding. Inheritance - A language feature that allows a class to inherit the properties and behaviors of another class. Polymorphism - A language feature that allows duplicate subprogram names (method names in OO terminology) in an inheritance hierarchy and applies the method that is appropriate for the object to which it is applied.
The highest digit in base 16 is _______________.
F
In which of the language paradigms is the addition of two values expressed as (+10 20)? A. procedural B. functional C. logic D. object-oriented
Functional
Who wrote the book How to Solve It, which outlines a general approach to problem solving?
George Polya
During the first step of the fetch-execute cycle, an instruction is read from main memory and stored in the _______________.
Instruction register
Why is the following not a good example of an algorithm? Open car door Get into car Insert key in ignition Turn key While engine not running Start car Go to work
It will keep on looping if the car does not start.
What is a machine-language instruction?
Machine code or machine language is a set of instructions carried out by a computer's central processing unit.
A WHILE statement is an example of a(n) _______________ statement.
Repetition
True or False? A volatile storage device loses the contents of its memory if its power supply is turned off.
True
Explain the "Divide and Conquer" problem-solving strategy.
The Divide and Conquer problem solving strategy takes a large problem and turns it into multiple smaller problems. Solving the smaller problems eventually leads to finding a solution of the larger problem.
Which of the following statements is true of all embedded systems?
They are designed to perform a narrow range of functions as part of a larger system.
What kind of ambiguity is demonstrated in the sentence "I don't like it, but that dog will eat anything"? Explain.
This is a referential ambiguity because we don't know what "it" is referring to without more information. "It" can be referring to a brick, or a pineapple pizza. We need more information to understand what is "it" being referred to.
What kind of ambiguity is demonstrated in the phrase "over the hill to the left"? Explain.
This is a syntactic ambiguity because this phrase can be constructed in various ways. This phrase can mean over the hill and then make a left, but how far do you need to go over the hill and then make a left? Do you make a left after you get down the hill or do you make a left after you get on top of the hill? Because of these questions, this is a syntactic ambiguity.
A(n) _______________ is a mental model that removes complex details.
abstraction
The _______________ is a register used to hold the results of operations.
accumulator
A(n) _______________ is a set of instructions for solving a problem in a finite amount of time using a finite amount of data.
algorithm
Which of the following languages has an IF statement for making decisions? A. Java B. C++ C. Python D. VB.NET E. All of the above
all of the above
Which of the following languages uses Boolean expressions in their selection and repetition statements? A. Java B. C++ C. Python D. VB.NET E. All of the above
all of the above
The instruction register is used to store which of the following?
an instruction
_______________ data is a continuous representation, analogous to the information it represents.
analog
The _______________ performs basic operations in the central processing unit such as adding and subtracting, as well as logical operations such as AND and OR.
arithmetic/logic (ALU)
Which of the following executes an instruction once it is decoded?
arithmetic/logic unit
A(n) _______________ is a named homogeneous collection of items in which individual items are accessed by an index.
array
A(n) _______________ is a program that translates an assembly-language program into machine code.
assembler
Which language uses mnemonics to represent instructions?
assembly language
_______________ created a buffer between the programmer and the machine hardware by the end of the first generation of computer software.
assembly language
Clicking a mouse button is an example of which of the following? A. subprogram B. parameter C. recursion D. nested logic E. asynchronous processing
asynchronous processing
Electrical signals are easier to maintain if they transfer only _______________ data.
binary
In the earliest electronic computers, programmers had to write machine language code expressed as _______________ digits.
binary
If the input to a transistor (its base signal) is low, what is its output?
binary 1
A single binary digit is called a(n) _______________.
bit
The information stored on sector on a disk drive is called a(n) _______________.
block
A group of eight bits is called a(n) _______________.
byte
Java programs are translated into a standard machine language called _______________.
bytecode
Given the following Huffman codes, decode the string "111100100010110011110". c a t d o g 1111 00 10 110 01 1110
catatdog
A computer with a parallel architecture uses multiple _______________ to solve a problem
central processing units
Which of the following is a language construct that defines the pattern for an object? A. encapsulation B. inheritance C. class D. polymorphism E. instantiation
class
___________________ is an approach to computer program testing that designs tests cases to ensure that each statement in the program is executed properly.
code coverage
A video _______________ refers to the methods used to compress the size of a movie clip.
codec
Data _______________ is the process of reducing the amount of space needed to store a piece of data.
compression
The _______________ is defined as the size of the compressed data divided by the size of the original data.
compression ratio
Which of the following terms best describes circuit boards, keyboards, and disk drives?
computer hardware
A(n) _______ ________ is an instruction that determines the order in which other instructions in a program are executed.
control structure
A(n) _______________ is an instruction that determines the order in which other instructions in a program are executed.
control structure
The _______________ is in charge of the fetch-execute cycle.
control unit
Which of the following contains the instruction register?
control unit
Which of the following contains the program counter?
control unit
Which of the following manages the fetch-execute cycle?
control unit
Which of the following best describes top-down design?
decomposing a general solution into more concrete solutions to subproblems
____________________ is an approach to computer program testing that involves designing tests to ensure that the limits of the permissible data are covered.
data coverage
A(n) _______________ is a description of a set of values and the operations that can be applied to those values.
data type
Which of the following associates an identifier with a variable, an action, or some other entity within the language?
declaration
After being fetched, the instruction is _______________, meaning the CPU circuitry determines which operation is being executed.
decoded
Which technique for representing numeric data uses the mantissa to hold the significant digits of a value?
floating point
A gate that accepts two input values has _______________ possible input combinations.
four
LISP, Scheme, and ML belong to which language paradigm? A. procedural B. functional C. logic D. object-oriented
functional
The _______________ programming paradigm is based on the mathematical concept of a function.
functional
A(n) _______________ is a device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals.
gate
A statement such as owns(mary,bo) comes from which paradigm?
logic
Which of the following paradigms is based on a set of facts about objects and rules about relationships among the objects? A. procedural B. functional C. logic D. object-oriented
logic
What three notations can be used to describe the behavior of gates and circuits?
logic diagrams, truth tables, and boolean expressions
A(n) ______________________ is defined as a section of code that repeats.
loop
In _______________ data compression, the data can be retrieved without any loss of information.
lossless
In _______________ data compression, some information is lost in the process of compaction.
lossy
Which language is actually executed by the central processing unit of a computer?
machine language
Which language is built into the electrical circuitry of a computer?
machine language
Name and describe four commonly used auxiliary storage technologies.
magnetic disk - a storage device that uses a magnetization process to write, rewrite and access data. magnetic tape - magnetic tape drive is like a tape recorder and is most often used to back up the data on a disk in case the disk is later damaged. cds/dvds- A CD drive uses a laser to read information that is stored optically on a plastic disk. flash drives- Flash memory is being used to build solid-state disks that can replace a hard disk.
The first truly mass auxiliary storage device was the _______________,
magnetic tape drive
After a program is in use, changes made to it to enhance functionality or fix errors is called _______________.
maintenance
An assembly-language program uses _______________ to represent instructions.
mnemonics
The primary circuit board on which the core components of a computer reside is called the _______________.
motherboard
The most popular audio format used today is the _______________ format.
mp3
Which of the following describes a language, like English, that humans use to communicate with each other?
natural language
Which of the following is the area of study dealing with a computer's ability to interpret and respond to human speech?
natural language processing
Which of the following allows a WHILE loop to be contained within the body of another while loop? A. subprogram B. parameter C. recursion D. nested logic E. asynchronous processing
nested logic
Which of the following mimics the process of the human brain?
neural network
_______________ occurs when a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it.
overflow
A(n) _______________ is a model or pattern that establish a set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitute a way of viewing reality.
paradigm
By what name are input devices, output devices, and auxiliary storage devices collectively known?
peripheral devices
Which of the following describes the set of fundamental sounds made when a human speaks?
phonemes
Which of the following allows a language to have duplicate method names and to apply the method that is appropriate for a particular object? A. encapsulation B. inheritance C. class D. polymorphism E. instantiation
polymorphism
Java is considered an object-oriented language with features from which other paradigm? A. procedural B. functional C. logic D. object-oriented
procedural
The _______________ is a register that holds the address of the next instruction to be executed.
program counter
The _______________ is a register used to hold the address of the next instruction to be executed.
program counter
Which text compression technique replaces a long series of repeated characters with a count of the repetition?
run-length encoding
Recording the voltage level of an audio signal at regular intervals is called what?
sampling
A(n) _______________ is a structure that represents all possible moves in a game and can be used to determine the next best move.
search tree
Which of the following is the time it takes for the read/write head of a disk drive to get into position over a specified track?
seek time
An IF statement is an example of a(n) _______________ statement.
selection
Which of the following is a knowledge representation technique that represents the relationships among objects?
semantic network
A transistor is made up of what kind of material?
semiconductor
What are the three compositional elements of a robot?
sensors, actuators, and computational elements (i.e microprocessor)
A(n) _______________ search does not require that the list be sorted.
sequential
A(n) _______________ search examines each item in turn to find the item being sought.
sequential
What does the term Core™ Duo refer to in the description of the components of the Instavialion 640 Laptop?
the presence of two central core processors on one chip in the laptop computer
Which of the following is true about clear-box testing?
the test cases are based on the code
Which of the following is true about vector graphics?
they do not represent each pixel individually
_______________ allows many users at different terminals to communicate with a single computer at the same time.
time sharing
The information on a disk drive is organized into concentric circles called _______________, which are divided into sectors.
tracks
A(n) _______________ either conducts or blocks the flow of electricity, based on an input value
transistor
What is the purpose of a compiler?
translate high-level language into machine language
A(n) _______________ defines the function of a gate by listing all possible input combinations for the gate and the corresponding output.
truth table
A(n) _______________ test is an empirical approach to determining whether a computer is intelligent.
turing
How is the decimal number 0.7578125 represented in binary? Please divide it all the way out. It will end.
0.1100001
The highest digit in base 2 is _______________.
1
Using two's complement notation, what is the leftmost digit of a negative number?
1
Convert the following floating-point value into decimal notation: 1342*10-3?
1.342
Convert the following decimal number to binary: 297
100101001
Convert the following hexadecimal number to binary: 9CB
100111001011
Convert the following octal number to binary: 476
100111110
How is the decimal number 3.88671875 represented in binary? Please divide it all the way out. It will end.
11.11100011
Convert the following decimal number to hexadecimal: 297
129
In base 16, the digit D is used to represent the decimal value _______________.
13
How many digits are there in the hexadecimal number system?
16
How many digits are there in the binary number system?
2
Convert the following binary number to decimal: 11011011
219
_______________ combinations of 0 and 1 can be made from n bits.
2^n
How is the decimal number 0.25 represented in binary?
0.01
What is the process of training a neural network?
A neural network is set up with random weights, threshold values, and initial inputs. The results are compared to the desired results and changes are made to the network. This process continues until the results that are needed are accomplished.
What is a computer terminal?
A terminal is an input/output device with a keyboard and screen .
Why are binary digits used to represent information on a computer?
Binary digits are used to represent information on a computer to store and access data. Binary numbers which are represented as 0's and 1's represent on and off. Computers use voltages and voltages change often, so the binary system is used to either turn a function on or off.
Give some examples of abstractions as they relate to a computer system.
An example of abstractions is a car engine, and the tools used to make the car engine work (gas pedal, gears, etc). Another abstraction would be turning on the light. All we know is a switch is used to turn the light on and off. We do not think about the circuits and electrical currents needed to turn the light bulb on.
True or False? The World Wide Web is as old as the Internet itself.
False
Which of the following is not a raster-graphics format?
Flash
Using the following number line representation, what values are added to calculate 5 - 8? What is the result and what does that result represent? 500 501 502 ... 997 998 999 0 1 2 3 ... 497 498 499 -500 -499 -498 ... -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 ... 497 498 499
SOLUTION: 5 + 992 will give 997 and it will represent the value -3 .
What is Moore's law?
The number of circuits that could be placed on a single integrated circuit was doubling each year.
Discuss the inherent ambiguities that exist in natural languages that make it difficult for computers to comprehend them.
The inherent ambiguities that exist in natural language that make it difficult for the computers to comprehend them are lexical, referential, and syntactic. Lexical ambiguity is when a words have multiple means. If a word has multiple meanings, then a computer may not know what the definition the word may be used in context. Referential ambiguity exists when pronouns are applied to multiple objects such as "it." This may confused the computer because that may be referring to multiple objects so the computer may not know what exactly "it" means. Syntactic ambiguity refers to sentences constructed in various ways. If someone is talking about how time is going by quickly and says "time is flying", the computer may think of it as time having actual wings or something to make it lift off the air. These types of ambiguities make it difficult for the computer to understand the the figurative meaning of a sentence structure.
_______________ is data that has been organized and/or processed in a useful way.
information
_______________ is a technique for isolating program pieces by eliminating the ability for one piece to access information in another.
information hiding
Networks have _______________ restrictions that limit the number of bytes that can be transmitted from one place to another in a fixed amount of time.
bandwidth
The _______________ of a number system determines how many digits are used in the system and the value of digit positions.
base
Which of the following is true about representing color as an RGB value?
it mimics the way color is perceived by the human eye
FORTRAN and COBOL are two of the earliest _______________ programming languages.
high-level
The _______________ is the part of an expert system that processes the rules and draws conclusions.
inference engine
A(n) _______________ is a unit of an abstract mathematical system subject to the laws of arithmetic.
number
Name five types of data that can be stored in a computer.
numbers, text, audio, video, image
A(n) _______________ stores image information on a pixel-by-pixel basis.
raster-graphics format
A(n) _______________ is any number that can be expressed as a fraction.
rational number
Which technique for representing numeric data has two forms of zero?
single magnitude
