CSD 625: Autism Final
Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder:
- ADHD and autism differ in onset, course, associated features, familial patterns, and prognosis
Personality disorders
- Characterized by maladaptive patterns for coping, experiencing, and relating - Age of presentation and the persistent typical features of pervasive developmental disorder should distinguish them
specific learning disorder/nonverbal learning disability
- Children with a variety of learning disorders may have subsequent language and social challenges - NLD are recognized as having a profound impact on visual-spatial abilities and the "reading" of facial and gestural cues of others during social interaction - Cognitive testing that reveals a pattern of relatively lower verbal IQ can help distinguish autism from NLD
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Defined by the presence of obsessions and compulsions - The clinical presentation and manifestation of the disorder should differentiate it from autism
Schizophrenia
- Manifested by normal or near-normal development, less impaired intellectual abilities, and a gradual or sudden onset of psychotic symptoms - The marked social impairment and unusual behaviors typical of children with ASD are not seen in individuals with schizophrenia
Role of an SLP and their process of diagnosing autism
- With the help from an interdisciplinary team with information from a variety of context across several settings - Neurologist or Practitioner makes official diagnosis, NOT the SLP
Denver Model:
- a child-led, play-based treatment approach that focuses on: - development of social communication skills through intensive one-on-one therapy, peer interactions in the school setting, and home-based teaching - joint activity routines are an important part
intellectual disability
- a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound - ASD is defined by behavioral differences not expected for mental age - At least 25% of children with autism have typical intellectual ability, which indicates that it is a separate disorder
what is included in a comprehensive assessment of autism?
- a diagnosis and severity level - characteristics they are exhibiting - goals and recommendations
DIR Floor time: what is it about?
- periods throughout the day, during which an interaction partner gets down on the floor with the child and engages in activities for 20-30 minutes that range from rough and rumble play to acting out adventures with toys 4 major goals: - to encourage attention and intimacy - to establish two-way communication - to cultivate the expression of ideas and feelings - to connect local thought -It is the adult's role to follow the child's lead, expand on the child's actions, and attempt to turn every behavior into a circle of communication -Does not initially require verbal interactions and instead emphasizes balanced reciprocal partnerships in achieving communication
specific language impairment
- primary difficulty in learning and using language that cannot be attributed to another disability - The language of children with autism is often more "disordered" in its pattern of expression - Children with SLI can use gestures and eye gaze to communicate - Does not involve restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities
Williams syndrome
Have mild ID and exhibit autistic-like behaviors, such as developmental and language delays, gross motor skill challenges, sound hypersensitivity, poor eating, and perseveration
Rett syndrome
Neurological disorder with a pathology different from that of ASD but similar characteristics, particularly in the early stages
what does SCERTS stand for?
Social Communication, Emotional Regulation, and Transactional Support
T/F: Always keep family and their goals at the forefront
True
T/F: Vaccines do not cause ASD
True
T/F: We want to provide much receptive language as possible for word vocabulary and knowledge for when they do begin to use expressive language
True
what is one of the most salient features of autism?
difficulty reporting social interaction
how is family typically defined?
mother, father, children living together
ABA: what is it?
behavioral intervention for bringing meaningful positive changes in their behaviors
what components of a classification model are used to define the consequences of health conditions for individuals diagnosed with autism?
body, person, society levels
what is the most important thing for ASD assessment teams to do?
never lose sight of the role a family plays in a child's life
when determining an assessment approach, which one will lead to affective program planing?
ecological and dynamic assessments
which approach to assessment of individuals with ASD leads to the most effective program planning?
ecological assessments and dynamic
Prader-Willi syndrome
characterized by food obsessions, impulsive eating, underdeveloped sexual characteristics, poor muscle tone, and often mild ID
what is the key to helping children with ASD improve?
clarify defined behaviors to improve and help the child engage
what is the key to helping children with ASD improve?
clearly define behaviors that you want to improve in children with autism
what is important for asperger's?
a condition on the autism spectrum, with generally higher functioning
what is autism spectrum disorder?
a developmental disability that can cause social communication and behavioral challenges
Who makes the diagnosis of autism?
an interdisciplinary team with information from a variety of context across several settings
a holistic and comprehensive view of young children with ASD is obtained by doing what?
communication profiling
what provides a holistic view of our client?
communication profiling
what is the brand name of Valporic acid?
depakote
what aspects should communication assessment address?
impairment activity and participation
Define social communication deficits
impairment in joint attention & social reciprocity
best assessment model that incorporates best practice for family centered care
interdisciplinary model
the best assessment model that incorporates best practice principles for family centered care is?
interdisciplinary model interprofessional model
who first described autism in 1943?
leo kanner
what criteria is needed to be met for an autism diagnosiss?
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction in all 3 areas: social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication behaviors, & developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships; restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities in at least 2 of the criteria: stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, insistence on sameness, highly restricted, fixated interests abnormal in intensity or focus, hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input symptoms must be present in the early developmental period symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning these disturbances are not better explained by ID or global developmental delay
roles of family and practitioners:
practitioner is partner and family is team leader
which area of language is typically the most impaired in children with ASD?
pragmatics
what do children with ASD typically use in their early language production?
preservative speech, echolalia, excessive questioning, etc...
families need to guide the ASD assessment through...
questions they ask
a shift in thinking over the past 10 years regarding the roles and relationships between and among families and professionals has done what?
removed professionals from expert to a role of partner with families
Landau-Kleffner syndrome
results in abnormal EEG patterns during sleep that often lead to epilepsy and loss of language
Fragile X syndrome
sex-linked genetic disorder that results in an intellectual disability, with approx. 10%-15% of individuals affected exhibiting autistic-like behaviors
which of the following is considered a social behavior ?
theory of mind
which of the following is not true: past research, analysis, intent, practitioners should observe, etc.?
they are all true
what is the challenge in play for children with autism?
they exhibit repetitive and stereotypical actions they isolate themselves socially during play they use variations they intend to play less often with less diverse and elaborate functional play (All of the above)
T/F: Our professional has moved from the expert to a partner in the team
true
Under the SLP code of ethics...
use every opportunity you can to support/encourage communication
Early indicators of ASD:
absence of symbolic play & joint attention deficiencies
which of the following are rules and roles of practitioners in working with families
all of the above
what is an early indicator for a diagnosis of ASD?
failure to establish joint attention, absence of symbolic play, cessation of talking (all of these)
family centered practice approach:
family fully participates in every aspect of treatment
PDD-NOS:
one of several previously separate subtypes of autism that were folded into the single diagnosis of ASD with the DSM-5
deficits that characterize autism:
social communication and noncompliant behaviors
Social (Pragmatic) communication disorder
- Added to the DSM-5 as part of the larger group of communication disorders - Described as experiencing persistent challenges with the social use of both verbal and nonverbal communication - Does not involve restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities (ASD)
DSM-5:
- differs from mental disorders - requires that ASD now be specified as with or without an accompanying language impairment and with or without an ID - rett syndrome and childhood disintegrative disorder are excluded from the DSM-5 because they are recognized as distinct neurodevelopmental conditions
what components of a disablement framework should guide the assessment process for children with ASD?
ICF framework
a guide for the assessment process:
ICF framework
A change of presence of symptoms in DSM-5
Symptoms must be present in early childhood but may not fully manifest until an individual's social demands exceed his or her limited capacity
what should practitioners consider when creating a profile of social emotional strengths and challenges for children with ASD?
a careful look at the key areas of impairment identified in the literature
