CSIS Chap 2

made of a plastic material, resembles a cassette tape and stores data sequentially.

Magnetic tape - bang tu

- is essentially a network-connected computer dedicated to providing file-based data storage services to other network devices - offers both storage and file services - but the number of users increases, its performance deteriorates

Network-attached storage (NAS) (thiết bị lưu trữ gắn trên mạng)

is called read-only memory (ROM) (Bộ nhớ chỉ đọc) (Bộ nhớ được thiết kế đặc biệt để giữ các thông tin, ngay cả trong trường hợp tắt điện) (Dữ liệu trong ROM chỉ có thể đọc, nhưng không sửa hoặc thay đổi được, đó là lý do vì sao nó được gọi là 'bộ nhớ chỉ đọc'.)

Nonvolatile memory

d. 8

The word computer consists of 64 bits, which is equivalent to _____ bytes. a. 6 b. 32 c. 16 d. 8

a. integrated circuits

Third-generation computers operated on _____. a. integrated circuits b. optical discs c. vacuum tube technology d. parallel processing

is called random access memory (RAM) (Bộ nhớ truy xuất ngẫu nhiên), although one could think of it as "read-write memory." (Volatile memory is computer storage that only maintains its data while the device is powered)

Volatile memory

- arithmetic operations (các phép tính toán học) - logical operations, - and storage and retrieval operations

What 3 basic tasks that computers can perform?

• First- Vacuum tube - (đèn điện tử chân không_ - unreliable, generated excessive heat, and were difficult to program • Second- Transistors (bóng bán dẫn) - faster, more reliable, and easier to program • Third- Integrated circuits (mạch tích hợp) - faster, more reliable, and more sophisticated • Fourth- Miniaturization ( tiểu (hình) hóa) • Fifth- Parallel processing

What are five generation of computer hardware? What is one characteristic of each generation?

1. machine language: consists of a series of 0s and 1s. Code written for one type of computer does not work on another type of computer.) 2. Assembly language: also machine dependent, uses a series of short codes 3. high-level languages: machine independent, use C++, Java, and VB.NET 4. Fourth-generation languages (4GLs): use macro codes 5. Fifth-generation languages (5GLs): use some of the artificial intelligence technologies

What are generations of computer languages?

The first wave was identified by mainframe computers, the second wave by personal computers, and the third wave by small computers embedded into many devices used daily—cellphones, cameras, watches, and so forth.

What are the three waves in computing?

The central processing unit (CPU) (bộ xử lý trung tâm) is the heart of a computer. It is divided into two components: - the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) bộ logic số học - thực hiện các phép toán số học và logic - and, the control unit đơn vị điều khiển. tells the computer what to do. Some computers have a single processor; other computers contain multiple processors - the use of two or more CPUs in a single computer system.

What are two main components of a CPU - central processing unit?

- Main memory: stores data and information and is usually volatile (bay hoi), meaning its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off - Secondary memory: nonvolatile, holds data when the computer is off

What are types of memory ?

bus, the processor size and the operating system (OS).

What components that affects computer performance?

a. ROM is nonvolatile memory, whereas RAM is volatile memory.

Which of the following is a difference between read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM)? a. ROM is nonvolatile memory, whereas RAM is volatile memory. b. ROM is volatile memory, whereas RAM is nonvolatile memory. c. ROM is main memory, whereas RAM is secondary memory. d. ROM is secondary memory, whereas RAM is main memory.

c. The contents of programmable read-only memory cannot be reprogrammed. (ROM cannot be reprogrammed, but RAM can be reprogrammed)

Which of the following is true of memory devices? a. The contents of cache random access memory cannot be reprogrammed. b. The contents of random access memory cannot be reprogrammed. c. The contents of programmable read-only memory cannot be reprogrammed. d. The contents of flash memory cannot be reprogrammed.

d. They run at higher speeds than silicon chips. Silicon cannot emit light and has speed limitations Major problems with gallium arsenide are difficulties in mass production. This material is softer and more fragile than silicon, so it breaks more easily during slicing and polishing

Which of the following statements is true of gallium arsenide chips? a.. They were used in third-generation computers. b. They are ideal for mass production. c. They have low production costs. d. They run at higher speeds than silicon chips.

Volatile memory is called random access memory (RAM), although you could think of it as "read-write memory." In other words, data can be read from and written to RAM. Some examples of the type of information stored in RAM include open files, the Clipboard's contents, running programs, and so forth. If there is a power outage the content of this memory is lost

Which type of memory is volatile? What does volatile mean?

a. Secondary memory

_____ holds data when the computer is off or during the course of a program's operation. a. Secondary memory b. Programmable read-only memory c. Random access memory d. Read-only memory

involves multiple virtual servers that are usually hosted by third parties. Customers buy or lease storage space from third parties based on their current or future needs.

cloud storage

Computers and communication systems use data codes to represent and transfer data between computers and network systems. The most common data code is American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII),

data code

the main circuit board containing connectors for attaching additional boards. It usually contains the CPU, Basic Input / Output System (BIOS), memory, storage, interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers for standard peripheral devices, such as the display monitor, disk drive, and keyboard.

motherboard - bo mach chu

- A serial port is a communication interface through which information is transferred one bit at a time; - a parallel port is an interface between a computer and a printer that enables the computer to transfer multiple bits of information to the printer simultaneously (port: cổng giao tiếp kết nối các thiết bị ngoại vi với máy tính như: bàn phím, chuột điều khiển)

serial port (cổng nối tiếp) vs parallel port (cổng song song, giao diện song song)

- is a central computer and all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network. (Máy Chủ) - Quan hệ giữa server với các máy tính khác là quan hệ chủ khách

server

made of Mylar or metal, is used for random-access processing. In other words, data can be accessed in any order, regardless of its order on the surface.

A magnetic disk - dia tu

d. 250

A petabyte is equal to _____ bytes. a. 240 b. 260 c. 230 d. 250

is a collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance, and is typically found in large network systems. (Một mảng dự phòng của hệ thống đĩa độc lập)

A redundant array of independent disks (RAID) system

- high-speed network - makes storage devices available to all servers on a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN). - speed up data access performance, and despite their cost, they are more economical than having storage devices attached to each server - but offers only storage

A storage area network (SAN) (Mạng lưu trữ)

True.

A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated high-speed network consisting of both hardware and software used to connect and manage shared storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical storage devices. True or False?

a. liquid crystal display - man hinh tinh the long - Output devices, such as monitors and printers, display the output a computer generates. - The most common output devices for soft copy are cathode ray tube (CRT), plasma display, and liquid crystal display (LCD). - output device for hard copy is printer: Inkjet (may in phun in anh ky thuat so) and laser printers

A(n) _____ is a common output device for soft copy. a. liquid crystal display- man hinh tinh the long b. laser printer c. electrostatic plotter - máy vẽ tĩnh điện d. floppy disk - dĩa mềm

c. optical mark recognition system

A(n) _____ is an input device used to grade multiple-choice and true/false tests. a. magnetic ink character recognition system b. optical character reader c. optical mark recognition system d. magnetic character sensor

a. Apple iOS

All of the following are examples of application software except: a. Apple iOS b. Microsoft Excel c. Microsoft PowerPoint d. Adobe InDesign

a. 128

An American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) file defines up to _____ characters. a. 128 b. 1024 c. 256 d. 64

a. 256

An Extended ASCII data code allows representation of maximum _____ characters. a. 256 b. 512 c. 1024 d. 128

a. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

In a(n) _____ file, each alphabetic, numeric, or special character is represented with a 7-bit binary number. a. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) b. Unicode c. Extended Binary Code Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) d. Extended ASCII

c. arithmetic operation

In the context of computer operations, division is a(n) _____. a. retrieval operation b. storage operation c. arithmetic operation d. logical operation

a. byte

In the context of storage measurements, a _____ is the size of a character. a. byte b. nibble c. decibel d. node

True

Inkjet printers produce characters by projecting onto paper electrically charged droplets of ink that create an image. (True/False)

d. Hard disk

6. Which of the following secondary memory device has the largest capacity? a. Memory stick b. DVD-ROM c. SD Card d. Hard disk

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs for controlling and managing computer hardware and software. It provides an interface between a computer and the user and increases computer efficiency by helping users share computer resources and by performing repetitive tasks for users. Two examples of operating systems for PCs include Windows and Mac OS. Two examples of operating systems for mainframe computers include UNIX and OpenVMS.

8. Define an operating system. What are two examples of operating systems for PCs and two examples of operating systems for mainframe computers.

a. bus A bus can be parallel or serial, internal (local) or external (hệ thống phụ chuyển dữ liệu giữa các thành phần bên trong máy tính)

A _____ is a link between devices connected to a computer. a. bus b. disk drive c. control unit d. motherboard

d. disk drive ổ cứng

A _____ is a peripheral device for recording, storing, and retrieving information. a. control unit b. motherboard - Bo mạch chủ c. processor d. disk drive - ổ cứng

a. data tablet Input devices are used to send data and information to the computer Ie. keyboard, mouse, logical operations, • Light pen, trackball (bi xoay (ở chuot máy tính)), Data tablet, barcode reader, Optical character reader (OCR): máy đọc ký tự quang học Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) system: used primarily by banks for reading the information at the bottom of checks. Optical mark recognition (OMR) system ( máy đọc ký tự quang học)

A _____ is an input device. a. data tablet b. plasma display - màn hình phẳng plasma c. laser printer d. inkjet printer

is a single value of 0 or 1 1 byte = 8 bits

A bit

True.

A bus is a link between devices connected to the computer. It can be parallel or serial, internal (local) or external. True or False?

- is the size of a character. - Every character, number, or symbol on the keyboard is represented as a binary number in computer memory. A binary system consists of 0s and 1s, with a 1 representing "on" and a 0 representing "off."

A byte

can be commercial software or software developed in house and is used to perform a variety of tasks on a personal computer.

Application software

stores recently accessed memory so the processor (bo xu ly) is not waiting for the memory transfer.

Cache RAM

False

Computers cannot store massive amounts of data in small spaces. False True

c. binary number Binary code—a set of instructions used to control the computer—uses 0s and 1s, which the computer understands as on or off signals.

Every character, number, or symbol on the keyboard is represented as a(n) _____ in computer memory. a. decimal number b. hexadecimal number c. binary number d. octal number

a. Assembly language Machine language, the first generation of computer languages, consists of a series of 0s and 1s representing data or instructions. It is dependent on the machine, so code written for one type of computer does not work on another type of computer. Assembly language, the second generation of computer languages, is a higher-level language than machine language but is also machine dependent. It uses a series of short codes, or mnemonics, to represent data or instructions. High-level languages are machine independent and part of the third generation of computer languages. Many languages are available, and each is designed for a specific purpose. Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) use macro codes that can take the place of several lines of programming. The commands are powerful and easy to learn, even for people with little computer training. Fifth-generation languages (5GLs) use some of the artificial intelligence technologies, such as knowledge-based systems, natural language processing (NLP), visual programming, and a graphical approach to programming. These languages are designed to facilitate natural conversations between you and the computer.

One of the following is one of the characteristics of the second generation of computer languages? a. Assembly language b. Machine language c. Fourth-generation language d. Natural language processing

use laser beams to access and store data. Examples include CD-ROMs, WORM discs, and DVDs.

Optical discs - dia quang

False.

Second generation of computers are identified by vacuum tube. True or False?

- is nonvolatile (ko de bay hoi), holds data when the computer is off or during the course of a program's operation. It also serves as archival storage - used for storing large volumes of data for long periods - 3 types of second memory: magnetic disks, magnetic tape, and optical discs (CD-ROMs, WORM discs, and DVDs), hard disks, USB flash drives, and memory cards

Secondary memory

includes system software and application software - system software: Microsoft Windows - application softwareis used to perform specialized tasks: Microsoft excel

Software