CTI 110- Exam 2

Today, CPUs are small chips known as

Microprocessors

A(n) operator performs division, but instead of returning the quotient it returns the remainder

Modulus

The ___ operator takes a Boolean expression as its operand and reverses its logical value

NOT

A(n) ___ is a variable whose content has a value that is read only and cannot be changed during the program's execution

Named constant

A compound Boolean expression created with the ___ operator is true if either of its subexpressions is true

OR

A video display is a(n)___

Output device

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called

Pixels

The input operation that appears just before a validation loop is known as the

Priming read

A(n) ____ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task

Program

This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running

RAM

The symbols >, <, and == are all ___ operators

Relational

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time—even when there is no power to the computer--is called

Secondary storage

A(n) ___ is a set of statements that execute in the order that they appear

Sequence structure

A ___ structure provides one alternative path of execution

Single alternative decision

A is a single function that the program must perform in order to satisfy the customer

Software requirement

A ___ is a sequence of characters that is used as data

String

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called

Syntax

The part of a computer that runs programs is called

The CPU

A compound Boolean expression created with the AND operator is true only when both subexpressions are true

True

A decision structure can be nested inside another decision structure

True

An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program

True

Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number

True

In a math expression, multiplication and division take place before addition and subtraction

True

In languages that require variable declarations, a variable's declaration must appear before any other statements that use the variable

True

In most languages, the first character of a variable name cannot be a number

True

Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands

True

Main memory is also known as RAM

True

The value of a named constant cannot be changed during the program's execution

True

Uninitialized variables are a common cause of errors

True

Negative numbers are encoded using the technique

Two's complement

An extensive encoding scheme that can represent the characters of many of the languages in the world is

Unicode

A(n)____ variable is one that has been declared but has not been initialized or assigned a value

Uninitialized

A ___ is a storage location in memory that is represented by a name

Variable

A(n) ___ specifies a variable's name and data type

Variable Declaration

The term empty input describes what happens when

an input operation attempts to read data, but there is no data to read

Real numbers are encoded using the technique

floating-point

GIGO stands for

garbage in, garbage out

Computers can only execute programs that are written in

machine language

The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in

main memory

A ____ structure allows you to test the value of a variable or an expression and then use that value to determine which statement or set of statements to execute

multiple alternative decision

An informal language that has no syntax rules, and is not meant to be compiled or executed is called

pseudocode

A compound Boolean expression created with the ___ operator is true only if both of its subexpressions are true

AND

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is

ASCII

A(n)___ is a set of well-defined logical steps that must be taken to perform a task

Algorithm

A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called

An input device

The____ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program

Assembler

A(n)____ sets a variable to a specified value

Assignment statement

In a(n)____ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s

Binary

A byte is made up of eight

Bits

A(n)___ expression has a value of either true or false

Boolean

A _____ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small numbe

Byte

Short notes placed in different parts of a program, explaining how those parts of the program work, are called

Comments

A(n)____ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program

Compiler

A ___ structure can execute a set of statements only under certain circumstances

Decision

In pseudocode, the If-Then statement is an example of a

Decision structure

In the part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform

Decode

A(n)___section of a Select Case statement is branched to if none of the case values match the expression listed after the Select statement

Default

A(n)____structure tests a condition and then takes one path if the condition is true, or another path if the condition is false

Dual alternative decision

Validation loops are also known as

Error traps

A(n) operator raises a number to a power

Exponent

A program can be made of only one type of control structure. You cannot combine structures

False

A single alternative decision structure tests a condition and then takes one path if the condition is true, or another path if the condition is false

False

A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed

False

Assembly language is considered a high-level language

False

Hand tracing is the process of translating a pseudocode program into machine language by hand

False

Images, like the ones you make with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers

False

Internal documentation refers to books and manuals that document a program and are intended for use within a company's programming department

False

Programmers must be careful not to make syntax errors when writing pseudocode programs

False

The approach of using a posttest validation loop shown in this chapters requires a priming read

False

The name gross_pay is written in the camelCase convention

False

The process of input validation works like this: When the user of a program enters invalid data, the program should ask the user, "Are you sure you meant to enter that?" If the user answers "yes," the program should accept the data

False

Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches

False

Variable names can have spaces in them

False

Windows, Mac OS, iOS, Android, and Linux are all examples of application software

False

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs

False

You can write any program using only sequence structures

False

he priming read appears inside the validation loop

False

A ___ is a Boolean variable that signals when some condition exists in the program

Flag

A ____ is a diagram that graphically depicts the steps that take place in a program

Flowchart

A debugging process in which you imagine that you are the computer executing a program is called

Hand tracing

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as

Hardware

You use a(n)___ statement in pseudocode to write a single alternative decision structure

If-then

You use a(n) ____ statement in pseudocode to write a dual alternative decision structure

If-then-else

Assigning a value to a variable in a declaration statement is called

Initialization

The integrity of a program's output is only as good as the integrity of the program's

Input

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called

Key words

A ____ error does not prevent the program from running, but causes it to produce incorrect results

Logic

AND, OR, and NOT are operators

Logical

If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see

A stream of binary numbers

A bit that is turned off represents the following value:

0