CTI 110- Exam 2
Today, CPUs are small chips known as
Microprocessors
A(n) operator performs division, but instead of returning the quotient it returns the remainder
Modulus
The ___ operator takes a Boolean expression as its operand and reverses its logical value
NOT
A(n) ___ is a variable whose content has a value that is read only and cannot be changed during the program's execution
Named constant
A compound Boolean expression created with the ___ operator is true if either of its subexpressions is true
OR
A video display is a(n)___
Output device
The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called
Pixels
The input operation that appears just before a validation loop is known as the
Priming read
A(n) ____ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task
Program
This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running
RAM
The symbols >, <, and == are all ___ operators
Relational
A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time—even when there is no power to the computer--is called
Secondary storage
A(n) ___ is a set of statements that execute in the order that they appear
Sequence structure
A ___ structure provides one alternative path of execution
Single alternative decision
A is a single function that the program must perform in order to satisfy the customer
Software requirement
A ___ is a sequence of characters that is used as data
String
The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called
Syntax
The part of a computer that runs programs is called
The CPU
A compound Boolean expression created with the AND operator is true only when both subexpressions are true
True
A decision structure can be nested inside another decision structure
True
An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program
True
Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number
True
In a math expression, multiplication and division take place before addition and subtraction
True
In languages that require variable declarations, a variable's declaration must appear before any other statements that use the variable
True
In most languages, the first character of a variable name cannot be a number
True
Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands
True
Main memory is also known as RAM
True
The value of a named constant cannot be changed during the program's execution
True
Uninitialized variables are a common cause of errors
True
Negative numbers are encoded using the technique
Two's complement
An extensive encoding scheme that can represent the characters of many of the languages in the world is
Unicode
A(n)____ variable is one that has been declared but has not been initialized or assigned a value
Uninitialized
A ___ is a storage location in memory that is represented by a name
Variable
A(n) ___ specifies a variable's name and data type
Variable Declaration
The term empty input describes what happens when
an input operation attempts to read data, but there is no data to read
Real numbers are encoded using the technique
floating-point
GIGO stands for
garbage in, garbage out
Computers can only execute programs that are written in
machine language
The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in
main memory
A ____ structure allows you to test the value of a variable or an expression and then use that value to determine which statement or set of statements to execute
multiple alternative decision
An informal language that has no syntax rules, and is not meant to be compiled or executed is called
pseudocode
A compound Boolean expression created with the ___ operator is true only if both of its subexpressions are true
AND
A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is
ASCII
A(n)___ is a set of well-defined logical steps that must be taken to perform a task
Algorithm
A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called
An input device
The____ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program
Assembler
A(n)____ sets a variable to a specified value
Assignment statement
In a(n)____ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s
Binary
A byte is made up of eight
Bits
A(n)___ expression has a value of either true or false
Boolean
A _____ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small numbe
Byte
Short notes placed in different parts of a program, explaining how those parts of the program work, are called
Comments
A(n)____ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program
Compiler
A ___ structure can execute a set of statements only under certain circumstances
Decision
In pseudocode, the If-Then statement is an example of a
Decision structure
In the part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform
Decode
A(n)___section of a Select Case statement is branched to if none of the case values match the expression listed after the Select statement
Default
A(n)____structure tests a condition and then takes one path if the condition is true, or another path if the condition is false
Dual alternative decision
Validation loops are also known as
Error traps
A(n) operator raises a number to a power
Exponent
A program can be made of only one type of control structure. You cannot combine structures
False
A single alternative decision structure tests a condition and then takes one path if the condition is true, or another path if the condition is false
False
A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed
False
Assembly language is considered a high-level language
False
Hand tracing is the process of translating a pseudocode program into machine language by hand
False
Images, like the ones you make with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers
False
Internal documentation refers to books and manuals that document a program and are intended for use within a company's programming department
False
Programmers must be careful not to make syntax errors when writing pseudocode programs
False
The approach of using a posttest validation loop shown in this chapters requires a priming read
False
The name gross_pay is written in the camelCase convention
False
The process of input validation works like this: When the user of a program enters invalid data, the program should ask the user, "Are you sure you meant to enter that?" If the user answers "yes," the program should accept the data
False
Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches
False
Variable names can have spaces in them
False
Windows, Mac OS, iOS, Android, and Linux are all examples of application software
False
Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs
False
You can write any program using only sequence structures
False
he priming read appears inside the validation loop
False
A ___ is a Boolean variable that signals when some condition exists in the program
Flag
A ____ is a diagram that graphically depicts the steps that take place in a program
Flowchart
A debugging process in which you imagine that you are the computer executing a program is called
Hand tracing
The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as
Hardware
You use a(n)___ statement in pseudocode to write a single alternative decision structure
If-then
You use a(n) ____ statement in pseudocode to write a dual alternative decision structure
If-then-else
Assigning a value to a variable in a declaration statement is called
Initialization
The integrity of a program's output is only as good as the integrity of the program's
Input
The words that make up a high-level programming language are called
Key words
A ____ error does not prevent the program from running, but causes it to produce incorrect results
Logic
AND, OR, and NOT are operators
Logical
If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see
A stream of binary numbers
A bit that is turned off represents the following value:
0