Cultural anthropology

Which discipline tries to predict economic patterns?

Economic anthropology

Thomas Hobbes was a(n):

English philosopher who was concerned with the problem of disorder.

Anthropologists are generally ignored by "development" experts at institutions like the World Bank. True or False?

False

Contemporary ecological science supports the idea that human cultural behaviors are solely shaped by the environment. True or False?

False

Ethnobiologists are primarily interested in the conservation traditions of non-Western peoples. True or False?

False

For the better part of the twentieth century, capitalism and socialism/communism existed as complementary forms of economic organization, an positive partnership that dominated global politics during the Cold War. True or False?

False

Globalization is so exciting to anthropologists right now because they have never studied interconnectivity before. True or False?

False

Multi-sited ethnography is a strategy of following connections, associations, and putative relationships from place to place. True or False?

False

Multi-sited fieldwork has been productive for studying transnational phenomena like environmentalism and other social movements, the media, certain religious societies whose membership extends across the borders of many countries, and the spread of science and technology. True or False?

False

The use of money is a human universal. True or False?

False

When people around the world have disputes, they are most concerned with winning and losing. True or False?

False

Why is the description of conflict as "ethnic violence" misleading?

It implies age-old conflicts are not affected by historical or political events.

People make decisions to allocate resources such as time, labor, and money in order to maximize their personal satisfaction.

Market

Inequality is most closely connected to which economic theory?

Marxism

What does neoclassical economic theory argue?

People make decisions to allocate resources such as time, labor, and money in order to maximize their personal satisfaction..

What does cultural economic theory argue?

Symbols and morals are important in the understanding of a society's economy.

A limitation of convergence theories is that they underestimate variability and plasticity as key features of human culture and evolutionary history. True or False?

True

All knowledge systems about nature, including science, are culturally based. True or False?

True

Capitalism is the economic system based on private ownership of the means of production, in which prices are set and goods distributed through a market. True or False?

True

Famines are often caused by not environmental factors but social factors like inequality. True or False?

True

For anthropologists, owning something is not simply a matter of individual possession or occupation of an object or piece of land, but a matter of interactions between people. True or False?

True

People who live through objects and images not of their own making are consumers. True or False?

True

Localization is:

a phenomenon whereby greater global integration creates opportunity for local cultures to express themselves.

Development is:

a set of institutions ostensibly aimed at alleviating problems

For anthropologists, power is:

about how people manage social relationships through force, influence, persuasion, and control over resources

A society without a head of state is called a(n):

acephalous society.

Development anthropologists often think of themselves as

advocates of poor and marginalized people

What is a key argument of ethnobiologist Brent Berlin, who compared human classification systems?

all human classification systems are reflective of an underlying cognitive structure of the human brain that organizes information in systematic ways.

Landscapes that are the result of human shaping are

anthropogenic landscapes.

Eric Wolf rejected the idea that

anthropologists did not need to focus on history.

Anthropologists who look at the negative aspects of development are

anthropologists of development.

When you are consuming an object, the process of taking possession of it is called:

appropriation

Ecosystems:

are natural systems based on the interaction of nonliving factors and organisms.

Laws:

are sets of rules established by some formal authority.

An example of negative reciprocity is:

bartering at the market.

In many societies people resolve disputes by restoring harmony, although people are not always satisfied with this resolution. Why?

because of a preference for justice, fairness, and the rule of law

The population an area can support is its

carrying capacity

When influential nations of the West impose their products and beliefs on less powerful nations, this is called

colonialism

What best describes the methodology of multi-sited ethnography?

comparative

The process of promoting one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal means, is referred to as

cultural imperialism

Hybridization is about:

cultural mixing

The idea that cultural characteristics result from a spread of cultural attributes from one society to another is

diffusionism

The study of the effects of global economic changes on human-nature relationships is done by

environmental anthrpologists

James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists

expand state power

Which type of money is created and guaranteed by a government, such as the American dollar bill?

fiat money

The reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote trade began in the 1880s and was the beginning of

financial globalization

Political ecology is:

focuses on the linkages between political-economic power, social inequality, and ecological destruction.

An approach to conservation that assumes people are threatening to nature is referred to as

fortress conservation.

Obligation is a key element of:

gift-giving

An example of balanced reciprocity is:

giving a birthday present

To assess an ecological footprint, scientists measure

how many hectares or acres of land it takes for each person to survive.

Legal anthropologists study:

how people solve disputes

When people describe violence as meaningless they:

interpret violence as something without reason.

The idea that nature must be uninhabited by people:

is the dominant model for administering protected environmental areas.

Reciprocity is:

is the give-and-take that builds and confirms relationships.

Adjudication:

is the legal process by which an individual or council with socially recognized authority intervenes in a dispute and unilaterally makes a decision.

Negotiation:

is when parties themselves reach a decision jointly.

Today, anthropologists assert that:

it is impossible to make sense of local cultural realities without understanding broader political, economic, and social conditions. correct

A key reason anthropologists study people's pursuit of cool things is that:

it's an important avenue through which people express and change their social relationships.

Immigrants are people who

leave their country with no expectation of returning.

The exchange of brass rods for the purchase of cattle or the payment of a bride price is an example of the use of:

limited purpose money

You and your sibling are fighting over who gets to use the family car. When your parent intervenes and seeks a solution that is agreeable to both of you, it is an example of:

mediation

Refugees are people who

migrate because of political oppression or war.

Independent states recognized by other states, and composed of people who share a single national identity, are referred to as

nation-states.

A band is a:

noncentralized group of people who have a low population density and participate in foraging

Traditional ecological knowledge is:

not well known in the West because some species and ecological interactions exist in only one place. correct

Cultural convergence theories:

posit that as globalization spreads cultural diversity will decline and local distinctions will gradually fade.

For anthropologists, political power refers to how:

power is used to attain goals for the good of the community.

Economies in which people seek high social rank, prestige, and power instead of money and material wealth are known as:

prestige economies

Value is:

relative worth of an object

Strikes, protests, and spirit possession are examples of

resistance

Violence is:

socially constructed.

Identification cards are an example of:

surveillance

World systems theory posits

that the promotion of one culture over others through formal policy or informal means is inevitable.

Structural power is power:

that transcends individuals, operating in settings and orchestrating settings in which social and individual actions take place.

Consumption is:

the act of using and assigning meaning to a good, service, or relationship.

A cultural landscape is:

the concept that people have images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it.

Globalization is:

the contemporary widening of scale of cross-cultural interactions owing to the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas.

What is an element of violence?

the use of force to cause harm to someone or something.

A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that?

they explain the apparent decline of cultural diversity. correct

Lineage or clan ownership of land and livestock, with little sense of private property, characterizes the:

tribe.

An example of general reciprocity is:

when a parent gives a child a gift.