Culture and Psychology Chapter 3- Enculturation

Olweus's Criteria of Bullying

-Intentional physical or psychological harm -Based on a power imbalance between the bully and victim -Repeated over time

The goals of caregiving environment based on importance

-Physical health/survival -Promote behaviors that lead to self-sufficiency -Promote behaviors that align with cultural values

Enculturation

A product of socialization

True

Although many cultures respond poorly to authoritarian parenting, this does not mean that authoritative is universally the best style. True or False

Gender perspective, Delinquency, Activities and Personality

Aspects of Sibling influence

Exosystem

Bronfrenbrenner's System: Context that indirectly affect children Ex. Parent's workplace

Macrosystem

Bronfrenbrenner's System: Ex. Culture, religion, society

Microsystem

Bronfrenbrenner's System: Ex. Family, School, Peer group

Chronosystem

Bronfrenbrenner's System: The influence on time and history on different systems

Mesosystem

Bronfrenbrenner's System: The interaction between two microsystems Ex. Link between family and school

Warmth/Responsiveness, discipline, and teaching

Cross-cultural differences in parenting, HOME Inventory

Bronfrenbrenner's Ecological Systems theory of Human Development

In order to understand development one need to look at a child in relation to their particular context. Also children interact with their culture instead of just absorb it

Pariental ethnotheories

Parents' cultural beliefs influence practices that define relationships within the family Ex. United States has 1 on 1 time with individual children while in Netherlands solely invest in family time

Domain specific approach to Parenting

Refers to parents acting and responding differently depending on child, situation, and context. Not restricted to style but more parental behavior

Immature

Results of a Passive parent on child

Noncompliant and Demanding

Results of a Uninvolved parent on child

Anxious and Withdrawn

Results of an Authoritarian parent on child

Women's work role affects child behavior

Second aspect Whiting learned from his 6 culture study

Post figurative Culture

Culture where change is slow and socialization occurs primarily by elders transferring their knowledge to their children Example of low peer influence

Prefigurative Culture

Culture where change is so rapid that young people may be the ones to teach adults cultural knowledge Example of high peer influence

Co figurative Culture

Culture where change occurs rapidly. Both peers and adults socialize youth. The youth might have to turn towards each other for advice and info in this culture

Protection, Control, Reciprocity, Guided Learning and Group Participation

Domains of Parent-Child Socialization

Industrialization

Exposure to peer groups and results in more peer influence is caused by ________________

Natural environment shapes how households were constructed because parents raise children to fit in

First aspect Whiting learned from his 6 culture study

Tomasello

He conducted a study with humans in comparison to apes and how the two species engage in learning. It turns out that humans can learn "through" people as well as from watching others. Also mentioned that it takes a long time to immerse in a culture through operant and classical conditioning and social learning

Developmental Niche

How macrosystem structures the child's microsystem Ex. physical/social setting, customs of childcare, psychology of caregivers

Permissive Parenting

Style of parenting in which parents allow children to regulate their own lives and don't provide many guidelines

Uninvolved Parenting

Style of parenting in which parents are often too absorbed in their own lives to respond appropriately to their children and possibly seem indifferent to them

Authoritarian

Style of parenting in which parents expect unquestioned obedience and views child as needing to be controlled -Do not show much warmth or responsiveness to child

Authoritative

Style of parenting that is firm, fair, and reasonable. Also adapts with age

Attribution difference

The United States correlate success to effort but not failure to lack of effort. Asian cultures correlate success to effort as well as lack of effort to failure. This is an example of?

False

The definition of sibling is known to be Universal instead of Cultural. True or False

Socialization Agents

The people, institutions and organizations that exist to help people navigate into society

Enculturation Agents

The people, institutions, and organizations that exist to help people become immersed into their specific culture

Socialization

The process and mechanisms by which people learn

Enculturation

The process by which individuals learn and adopt the ways and manners of their specific culture

Socialization

The process by which we learn and internalize the rules and patterns of behavior that are affected by culture. This process which occurs over a long period of time, involves learning and mastering societal and cultural norms, attitudes, values and belief system.

Smith and Stickman

These men studied bullying

Grusec and Davidov

They invented the 5 Domains of Parent-Child Socialization

Whiting's 6 Culture Study

Tried to examine child rearing and children's behavior in varied cultural context

The choices regarding what a culture believes is important to learn

What does the content taught in schools reflect?