CVEN 306

__ has the highest Tensile Strength, __ has the highest Ductility, and __ has the largest toughness a. A, C, A b. B, D, D c. B, C, A d. A, D, C e. A, C, C

D. A, D, C

After finding the electrical conductivity of cobalt at 0°C, we decide we want to double that electrical conductivity. To what temperature must we cool the cobalt? (ρroom @25°C=6.24x10-6ohmcm) (a=.006 ohmcm/°C) a. -70.8°C b. 25°C c. 70.8°C d. -35.4°C

a. -70.8°C

A metal has the BCC crystal structure, a density of 7.24 g/cm3 , and an atomic weight of 48.9 g/mol. What is the radius? a. .122 nm b. 1.22 nm c. .0997 nm d. .154 nm

a. .122 nm

When a stress of 55,000 psi is applied to an aluminum alloy, having a fracture oughness of 32,000 psiin0.5 it is seen that the fracture begins at the surface. Calculate the size of the flaw that initiated fracture. Assum Y = 1.1. a. 0.089 in. b. 0.777 in. c. 0.168 in. d. 0.028 in.

a. 0.089 in.

A FCC iron structure is to be manufactured that will allow no more than 100 g of hydrogen to be lost per year through each square centimeter of the iron at 373o C. If the concentration of H at one surface is 0.05 H atoms per unit cell and is 0.001 H atoms per unit cell at the second surface, determine the minimum thickness of the iron. Assume that Do for H through FCC iron is 0.0018 cm2 /s , the activation energy Q is 3600 cal/mol, the lattice parameter for FCC iron is .3571 nm, and the gas constant (R) is 1.987 cal/mol*K. a. 0.0894 cm b. 0.0782 cm c. 0.494 cm d. 0.840 cm e. None of these

a. 0.0894 cm

A sample of wood with dimensions 3 in.×4 in.×12 in. has a dry density of 0.35g/cm³. Calculate the number of gallons of water that must be absorbed by the sample to contain 120% water. (Given 7.48 gal/ft³ and 62.4 lb/ft³) a. 0.262 gal b. 7.24 gal c. 0.118 gal d. 2.183 gal

a. 0.262 gal

You have just started remodeling an old house. You decided to completely do the wiring of the place yourself. You are trying to run a wire that has a change in voltage of 2.5 V. You would like for this wire to run a current of 2 amps while also handling a stress of 7.06 *10^7 Ohm-m. The length that this wire needs to be run is 125 meters. Determine what the minimum diameter can be used to fulfill these requirements. a. 1.45 mm b. 1.34 mm c. .00134 mm d. .00145 mm e. None of the above

a. 1.45 mm

A brass rod with rigid ends is stress free at room temperature (20 Celsius). What is the maximum temperature which the rod can go to without exceeding a compressive stress of 172 MPa. Assume E=100 GPa and the coefficient of thermal expansion is 20*10^-6 Celsius^-1 a. 106 Celsius b. -66 Celsius c. 86 Celsius d. 103 Celsius e. -106 Celsius

a. 106 Celsius

A copper casting is to be produced having the final dimensions of 1" x 12" x 24". Determine the difference between the volume of the final copper casting and the volume of the mold which would be used to make the casting. a. 15.466 in3 b. 10.295 in3 c. 13.649 in3 d. 17.599 in3 e. None of the above

a. 15.466 in3

Looking at this stress strain curve for a material, what is an appropriate estimate of the materials toughness? a. 185 GPa b. 120 Gpa c. 35 GPa d. 500 GPa

a. 185 GPa

You want to create a wire that has the least resistance over a length of 20 ft. You are given 20 ft of aluminum wire, and 1 ft of each of the following: Copper, Gold, and Silver wire, each with the same diameter as the aluminum wire. Listed are the resistivity values for these materials. Aluminum: 2.7*10^-8 Ohm*m Copper: 1.7*10^-8 Ohm*m Gold: 2.3*10^-8 Ohm*m Steel: 11.8*10^-8 Ohm*m Which wire will have the least resistance? a. 20 ft of Aluminum wire. b. 19 ft of Aluminum wire with 1 ft of Coppe wire spliced in the middle. c. 19 ft of Aluminum wire with 1 ft of Gold wire spliced in the middle. d. 19 ft of Aluminum wire with 1 ft of Steel wire spliced in the middle.

a. 20 ft of Aluminum wire.

Grasley and Sons, a widget manufacturing company, has produced a new line of widgets with a Mode I Kc = 27ksi√in. After perfecting its production line, the widgets have a maximum flaw size of 1/3 of an inch located on the edge. What should the company's maximum design stress be? a. 23.99 ksi b. 26.38 ksi c. 33.92 ksi d. 37.31 ksi

a. 23.99 ksi

An Al-Si alloy contains 15% primary β and 85% eutectic microconstituent. Determine the composition of the alloy. a. 25.71% Si b. 30.43% Si c. 18.86% Si d. 28.92% Si

a. 25.71% Si

The number of atoms in a unit cell of hcp, bcc, and fcc metals are a. 6,2,4 respectively b. 2,4,6 respectively c. 4,2,6 respectively d. 6,4,2 respectively

a. 6,2,4 respectively

Which of the following materials has the highest heat capacity a. A 7-11 Styrofoam big gulp b. An aluminum baseball bat c. A glass Aggie Ring dunk pitcher d. A golden statue of Dr. Grasley outside the CE building e. All of these objects have the same heat capacity

a. A 7-11 Styrofoam big gulp

A composite with a small toughness demonstrate a. A high modulus of elasticity but demonstrate brittle failure b. A low modulus but demonstrate ductile failure c. A low engineering tensile stress d. None of the above

a. A high modulus of elasticity but demonstrate brittle failure

What happens when the solubility limit is exceeded? a. A second phase forms with different chemical composition and crystal structure b. It would increase the pH level to the corrosion threshold c. Both a & b d. Nothing happens

a. A second phase forms with different chemical composition and crystal structure

While Fatigue is caused by an applied stress state typically lower than that required for failure to occur on a macroscopic scale, Fracture is caused by: a. A single loading event b. Repetitive loading below the yield point c. Viscoelastic creep d. Expansion of cross sectional area e. Hard hits to bone

a. A single loading event

Pothole formation in pavement is due to which of the following? a. Adhesive failure b. Pavement's viscoelastic properties c. Road salts d. Diffusion of water into the surface

a. Adhesive failure

How are continuous fibers typically oriented in fibrous composites? a. Aligned b. Partially Oriented c. Randomly oriented d. All of the above

a. Aligned

Several types of metallic coatings are used to protect steel, including zinc, lead, tin, cadmium, and nickel. In which of these cases will the coating provide protection even when the coating is locally disrupted? a. Aluminum, zinc, and cadmium b. Nickel, tin, and lead c. Alumium, tin, and nickel d. Nickel, Aluminum, and cadmium

a. Aluminum, zinc, and cadmium

Which of the following is true about surface energy on fracture? a. As surface energy goes up, the material becomes more brittle b. As surface energy goes up, the material becomes more ductile c. Surface energy is proportional to fracture resistance d. Surface energy has no effect on fracture

a. As surface energy goes up, the material becomes more brittle ????

It's January in Northern Michigan and your lake appears to be frozen solid. You and your friends decide to play a "friendly" game of hockey, but after many games, and lots of skating over the same spots, the ice suddenly breaks. This is an example of a. Breaking of a brittle material (ice) due to fatigue b. Breaking of a brittle material (ice) due to creep c. Breaking of a ductile material (ice) due to fatigue d. Breaking of a ductile material (ice) due to creep e. Plastic deformation in the ice

a. Breaking of a brittle material (ice) due to fatigue

What type of fracture is associated with inter-granular crack propagation? a. Brittle b. Ductile c. Either ductile or brittle d. Neither ductile nor brittle

a. Brittle

Atoms of which of the following elements will diffuse most rapidly in iron? a. C b. Mo c. Cr d. W

a. C

Which of these has the highest surface free energy? a. Cast iron at 0°C b. Diamond at 50°C c. A circular drop of water at 60°C d. A pane of glass at 100°C

a. Cast iron at 0°C

What is fracture? a. Caused by a single loading event b. A crack that grows c. Not mechanically induced d. Failure near water holding

a. Caused by a single loading event

If a material has small toughness, high resilience, and low ductility, what type of material is it most likely to be? a. Ceramic b. Metal c. Polymer d. Not enough information given

a. Ceramic

When dealing with expansive soil due to moisture diffusion, swelling occurs due to: a. Concentration gradient of water in soil near structure b. Concentration differential in humidity and soilnear structure c. Concentration of student in class d. Concentration of clay versus other materials

a. Concentration gradient of water in soil near structure

Was the test to attain this stress-strain graph displacement, or force controlled? In addition, what kind of material would follow a curve like this? a. Displacement, Metal b. Displacement, Ceramic c. Force Controlled, Metal d. Force Controlled,

a. Displacement, Metal

A cast iron exhaust manifold from a 1949 truck had a crack running through it. What is the correct procedure in order to repair the manifold? a. Drill a hole at the end of the crack and weld the crack up b. Weld the crack up and drill a hole at the end of the crack c. The crack only needs to be welded up d. Buy a new exhaust manifold

a. Drill a hole at the end of the crack and weld the crack up

The Crystal structure shown is best described as... a. Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) b. Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) c. Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) d. Primitive Cubic (cP)

a. Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

Three of the De Havilland Comets (passenger jets) broke up mid-air in 1954. It was said to be because the sharp corners of the windows were stress concentrators. Repeated flights applied stress to the windows and caused cracking. After this, the fuselage shell broke. What type of failure is this? a. Fatigue Failure b. Creep Failure c. Fracture Failure d. Ductile Failure e. Load Failure

a. Fatigue Failure

The Pourbaix Diagram for iron is separated into several different regions based on voltage and pH level. Which of these regions indicates when corrosion will occur? a. Fe b. Fe2O3 c. Fe3O4 d. None of the Above

a. Fe

What is the effect of chloride ions on steel corrosion? a. Fe-Cl compounds are soluble, making the areas with these compounds more susceptible to attack b. Chloride ions have no effect on steel corrosion c. Fe-Cl compounds form a protective layer around the steel and strengthen it d. Chloride ions bond with carbon in steel and dissolve the iron molecules

a. Fe-Cl compounds are soluble, making the areas with these compounds more susceptible to attack

Calculate the percentage of ionic character of semiconductor compounds GaAs and ZnSe. a. GaAs= 4%; ZnSe=15% b. GaAs= 6%; ZnSe=10% c. GaAs= 15%; ZnSe=4% d. GaAs= 8%; ZnSe= 7%

a. GaAs= 4%; ZnSe=15%

Your coefficient of thermal expansion for the following (high thermal strain, high volume expansion, and contraction effects) should be? a. Higher, lower negative b. Positive, higher, lower c. Lower, higher, negative d. Higher, higher, negative e. All of the above

a. Higher, lower negative

If we increase the fiber diameter for fiber in a fiber reinforced composite, how must we adjust the fiber length for effective stiffening and strengthening? a. Increase fiber length b. Decrease fiber length c. Fiber diameter does not relate to length d. Depends on fiber strength in tension

a. Increase fiber length

Fracture toughness decreases with a. Increasing strain rate b. Increase in yield strength c. Increasing temperature d. Decreasing temperature

a. Increasing strain rate

Dr. Grasley, a famous material scientist, wants to create a steel alloy. What kind of defect might he introduce to accomplish this? a. Introduce interstitial atoms. b. Create vacancies. c. Create a screw dislocation. d. Introduce grain boundaries

a. Introduce interstitial atoms.

What best describes the matrix in this composite? a. Low modulus of elasticity and demonstrates ductile failure. b. High modulus of elasticity and demonstrates brittle failure. c. Low modulus of elasticity and demonstrates brittle failure. d. High modulus of elasticity and demonstrates ductile failure.

a. Low modulus of elasticity and demonstrates ductile failure.

Anodic Protection moves the metal into the immune region of the Pourbaix Diagram by a. Lowering the voltage b. Removing electrons c. Plating the metal in Zinc d. Attaching a more anodic material to the one to be protected

a. Lowering the voltage

Which of the following is not true about corrosion? a. Lowering the voltage in a metal susceptible to corrosion will speed up corrosion. b. In a galvanic cell of 2 metals, the metal that is more anodic will corrode. c. Zinc plating is better than a coat of paint to prevent corrosion in metals. d. Self protecting metals have metal ions that combine with oxygen to form a thin oxide layer that slows corrosion.

a. Lowering the voltage in a metal susceptible to corrosion will speed up corrosion.

Given that Material A has a higher bonding strength than Material B, which material will have a higher melting temperature? a. Material A will have a higher melting temperature than Material B b. Material B will have a higher melting temperature than Material A c. Material A and B will have the same melting temperature d. Not enough information has been given

a. Material A will have a higher melting temperature than Material B

Why do structures get decommissioned due to oxidation? a. Mechanical properties decrease due to the loss of cross-sectional area b. Mechanical properties decrease due to the increase in density c. Mechanical properties increase due to the loss of cross-sectional area d. Mechanical properties increase due to the increase in density

a. Mechanical properties decrease due to the loss of cross-sectional area

Fiber reinforced concrete does all of the following: a. Prevents coalescence of micro cracks b. Allows more flexibility in the concrete c. Increases the permeability of the concrete d. None of the abov

a. Prevents coalescence of micro cracks

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the process of vacancy formation? a. Rare occurrence in metals as opposed to other materials b. Necessary for diffusion c. Enhanced by increased temperature d. Is a type of point defect e. Weakens the material structure

a. Rare occurrence in metals as opposed to other materials

Which material is most resistant to volume changes? Listed are Poisson's Ratios of certain materials. Rubber: .499 Cork: 0 Clay: .35 Concrete: .20 a. Rubber. b. Cork. c. Clay. d. Concrete

a. Rubber.

An increase in viscosity with an increase in strain rate is? a. Shearthickening b. Dashpot c. Shearthinning d. Stress relaxation

a. Shearthickening

Which of the following is a difference between steady and non-steady state diffusion? a. Steady state diffusion does not change over time while non-steady does. b. Steady state diffusion is more realistic and practical than non-steady state diffusion. c. The diffusion coefficient of steady state diffusion is not time dependent while nonsteady state diffusion's diffusion coefficient is time dependent d. Diffusion consistently occurs faster in steady state diffusion than non-steady state diffusion

a. Steady state diffusion does not change over time while non-steady does.

When Steel is scratched, a noticeable abrasion that differs from the homogenous steel appearance is observed. Although, if the same scratch is applied to a stainless steel material, the material is still shinny and homogenous in appearance. What best explains this? a. The chromium atoms present in stainless steel are diffused throughout the material. b. Regular steel has a lower toughness than stainless steel. c. The carbon present in the air forms a barrier in the stainless steel. d. Stainless steel uses primary bonds while regular steel uses Van Der Waals bonds

a. The chromium atoms present in stainless steel are diffused throughout the material.

Which of the following is a point defect? a. Vacancies b. Dislocations c. Grain boundaries d. Voids

a. Vacancies

SorbothaneⓇ is a material with the ability to dissipate noise and heat, absorb vibrations, and flow like a liquid under a load, along with other damping properties. It has been used to insulate the package that transported the Liberty Bell to protect from further damage and as a shock absorbing pad for Wilson's professional series of baseball gloves. What best describes the material behavior of SorbothaneⓇ? a. Viscoelastic b. Plastic c. Brittle d. Elastic

a. Viscoelastic

A material can change shape rather easily, and is virtually incompressible. The Poisson's ratio for the material mentioned is most likely a. 0.5 b. 0 c. -1 d. >0.5

b. 0

How many grams of aluminum, with dislocation density of 1010 cm/cm3 , are required to give a total dislocation length that would stretch from New York City to Los Angeles (3000 miles)? a. 0.19 g b. 0.13 g c. 0.25 g d. 0.08 g e. 0.32 g

b. 0.13 g

When a stress of 22,500 psi is applied at 670°C to a copper specimen, the specimen creeps at 0.003in./in.-hr. Self-diffusion in copper has an activation energy of 51,400 cal/mol. Knowing that the creep rate of copper is dependent on self-diffusion, calculate the creep rate when the temperature is 840 °C. a. 0.015 in./in.-hr b. 0.198 in./in.-hr c. 5.051 in./in.-hr d. 0.623 in./in.-hr

b. 0.198 in./in.-hr

Calculate the equilibrium number of vacancies per cubic meter for Nickel at 1200 K. The energy for vacancy formation is 0.9 eV/atom, the density is 8.531 g/cm^3, and atomic weight is 58.693g/mol. a. 1.359 x 10^25 vacancies/m^3 b. 1.457 x 10^25 vacancies/m^3 c. 1.493 x 10^25 vacancies/m^3 d. 1.416 x 10^25 vacancies/m^3

b. 1.457 x 10^25 vacancies/m^3

Determine the percentage ionic character of the interatomic bond for CdS. a. 56.8% b. 14.8% c. 43.2% d. 85.2%

b. 14.8%

The following data was collected from a standard 1.011 in. diameter tests specimen of a steel alloy a. 11000 psi b. 15000 psi c. 27000 psi d. 12000 psi e. 35600 psi

b. 15000 psi

A corrosion cell consists of a 30 cm2 iron sheet and a 200 cm2 copper sheet with a current density of 0.8 A/cm2 . Determine the rate at which metal is lost from the anode each hour. a. 1110.46 g/hr b. 166.57 g/hr c. 3.75 g/hr d. 25.00 g/hr

b. 166.57 g/hr

Which of the following electron configurations is for an alkali earth metal? a. 1s22s22p63s23p6 b. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 c. 1s22s22p63s1 d. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4

b. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2

In order to plate a steel part having a surface area of 500 cm² with a 0.005 cm thick layer of nickel, how many atoms of nickel are required (Given density of Nickel= 8.902 g/cm³ and molar mass of nickel= 58.71 g/mol) a. 3.79×10²³ atoms b. 2.28×10²³ atoms c. 1.34×10²³ atoms d. 3.89×10²¹ atoms

b. 2.28×10²³ atoms

At the eutectic point, what is the melting ratio of the salt and ice? a. 0% NaCl/ 100% H2O b. 24% NaCl/ 76% H2O c. 50% NaCl/ 50% H2O d. 27% NaCl/ 73% H2O

b. 24% NaCl/ 76% H2O

What is the percent Ionic Composition of Iron Oxide? a. 17.38% b. 6.06% c. 3.14% d. 60.6% e. 80.085%

b. 6.06%

Find the theoretical density of FCC Nickel with an atomic radius of 0.1246 nm. p=nA/VN, a=2r*sqrt(2) a. 13.4 g/cm^3 b. 8.91 g/cm^3 c. 89.1 g/cm^3 d. 4.45 g/cm^3

b. 8.91 g/cm^3

Which of the following is an example of non-steady state diffusion? a. The dissipation of energy from a battery while a car is running. b. A fully aired up balloon that the air is let out of in an uncontrolled way. c. A water fountain in which the water in the system is unchanging. (Ignore evaporation) d. A solar panel that converts the same amount of solar energy to electrical energy within a house.

b. A fully aired up balloon that the air is let out of in an uncontrolled way.

Diffusion occurs faster in a material with _____. a. A close-packed structure b. A lower melting temperature c. Larger diffusing atoms d. A high density e. Covalent bonding

b. A lower melting temperature

You are designing a building that has an ample supply of electricity will be built in a highly corrosive environment. Which kind of protection should you use to keep your metals from corroding? a. Cathodic Protection b. Anodic Protection c. Galvanizing d. Usage of passive metals e. None of these

b. Anodic Protection

Which would be the best use of a Galvanic Cell? a. Attaching a copper pipe to a steel pipe b. Attaching a steel pipe to a block of zinc using copper wires c. Attaching a steel pipe to a block of silver using copper wires d. Using steel screws in a copper plate

b. Attaching a steel pipe to a block of zinc using copper wires

Dr. Grasley decided to build a permanent bridge so that he could drive his car from the street, right over his house, to his backyard. He wanted to create his bridge out of concrete reinforced with rebar that he could make himself in the concrete lab. Which stress vs strain graph would best represent Dr. Grasley's special concrete reinforced with rebar? a. A b. B c. C d. D

b. B

Prestressed concrete takes advantage of what characteristic of brittle ceramics? a. Brittle ceramics have minimal plastic deformation b. Brittle ceramics are stronger in compression than in tension c. Brittle ceramics have a relatively low Young's Modulus d. None of the above

b. Brittle ceramics are stronger in compression than in tension

Choose the correct statement. a. Brittle fracture typically involves necking b. Brittle fracture typically involves rapid crack propagation c. Ductile fracture typically involves rapid crack propagation d. Brittle fracture typically involves a virtually complete reduction in cross sectional area

b. Brittle fracture typically involves rapid crack propagation

A topmix permeable concrete is designed to be super absorbent to combat flooding in areas. This type of concrete represents what type of transport in porous materials. a. Diffusion b. Capillary suction c. Intrinsic permeability d. Darcy's Law e. Fick's Law

b. Capillary suction

Galvanization refers to which type of corrosion prevention? a. Anodic b. Cathodic c. Painting/Coating d. Usage of passive materials

b. Cathodic

Thermal stresses do not develop due to which one of the following? a. Gradient temperature b. Ceramic conductivity c. External restraints d. Thermal mismatch between phases

b. Ceramic conductivity

A client is looking for your company to design a bridge. The bridge will be built with steel reinforcing and a concrete mixture. Which of the following concrete mixtures is best for this application. a. Concrete with large limestone aggregates b. Concrete with small limestone aggregates c. High strength concrete with no aggregates d. Concrete with large granite aggregates

b. Concrete with small limestone aggregates

Slight plastic deformation over time due to a constant load is also known as... a. Fatigue b. Creep c. Resilience d. Endurance

b. Creep

The World Trade Center most likely failed due to this material property. a. Corrosion b. Creep c. Fatigue d. Material Defects

b. Creep

Typically, a material with a high melting temperature, large Young's Modulus and a low diffusion rate has a better resistance to ______________ a. Fatigue b. Creep c. Thermal Conductivity d. Corrosion e. None of the above

b. Creep

When two planes hit the Twin Towers on 9/11, both buildings collapsed after an hour of burning. The failure seen in these buildings was caused by: a. Fatigue b. Creep c. Fracture d. The brittle nature of the materials used to construct the building

b. Creep

You are hanging a chandelier for your new home. You decide to drill holes in the ceiling and then add some sort of paste/glue in order to secure the chandelier bolts to the holes you have just drilled. After only a year the chandelier randomly falls from the ceiling of your home. What is the likely cause of this failure? a. The bolts began to yield as time passed b. Creep of the paste c. Brittle fracture of the paste d. Fatigue stress in the past

b. Creep of the paste

When steel is added to concrete to make a fiber reinforced concrete, which one of the following material properties is increased for the concrete? a. Young's Modulus b. Ductility c. Conductivity d. Bulk Modulus

b. Ductility

A composite is fabricated of fibers with a length of 92.5 m and diameter of 50 mm. The fibermatrix bond strength is 30 MPa and the shear yield strength of the matrix is 28 MPa. Out of the following fibers, what material was used in this composite? a. Aluminum Oxide b. E-Glass c. Boron d. Silicon Carbide e. Aaramid

b. E-Glass

Two types of dislocations are? a. FCC and BCC b. Edge and Screw c. Substitutional and Interstitial d. Bulk and Solidification

b. Edge and Screw

Three passenger jets of the De Havilland Comets crashed in one year. Sharp corners around the plane's window openings were found to have initiated cracks that propagated over time due to pressurization of the aircraft during each flight, which created stress cycles. The failures of these aircrafts were due to a. Fracture b. Fatigue c. Creep d. Corrosion

b. Fatigue

Diffusion is modeled by... a. Laplace's equation b. Fick's Law c. Darcy's Law d. None of these

b. Fick's Law

Which of the following is NOT true? a. Composites will typically have properties that are intermediate of the two phases. b. For metals, conductivity is decreased by reducing deformation, reducing imperfections, and decreasing emperature. c. Atomic vibration in hotter regions can carry energy (vibrations) to cooler regions are a reason for conductivity. d. Shear thinning is a decrease in viscosity with an increase in strain rate. e. All of the above are true.

b. For metals, conductivity is decreased by reducing deformation, reducing imperfections, and decreasing emperature.

A ductile material is needed to support a building that has become slightly lopsided over several years. The material chosen will most likely have the atomic structure a. BCC b. HCP c. CCP d. Either A or B e. Either B or C

b. HCP

A material that is polymorphic or allotropic... a. Has a random atom distribution b. Has a fixed structure under all conditions c. Exists in several crystal forms at different temperatures d. Responds to heat e. None of these

b. Has a fixed structure under all conditions

Crystal structure, polymer structure, ceramic structure: The face centered cubic (FCC) lattices and body centered cubic (BCC) a. Both contain closely packed planed b. Have different atomic packing factors c. Have the same stacking sequence d. All of the above

b. Have different atomic packing factors

Ancient Egyptians recorded in tomb paintings of man using bricks made of straw and mud. What type of an example is this? a. Heterogeneous composite with the straw as the matrix and the mud as the dispersed phase. b. Heterogeneous composite with the mud as the matrix and the straw as dispersed phase. c. A viscoelastic dashpot with the matrix being mud thus adding stiffness. d. A viscoelastic dashpot with the matrix being straw thus adding ductility

b. Heterogeneous composite with the mud as the matrix and the straw as dispersed phase.

When doing electrical wiring over long distances, which is a way to prevent the voltage from dropping to a dangerous level? a. Decrease area of the wire b. Increase area of the wire c. Decrease initial voltage d. Increase stress on the wire

b. Increase area of the wire

What are the three stages of fatigue failure? a. Propagation, failure, fatigue stress b. Initiation, propagation, failure c. Application, initiation, failure d. Application, propagation, fatigue stress

b. Initiation, propagation, failure

What is a property of a square of plywood? a. It is isotropic all directions. b. It is isotropic within its plane. c. It is anisotropic. d. It has a high Young's Modulus compared to steel

b. It is isotropic within its plane.

The melting temperature of a material can be shown on a phase diagram by the: a. Solidus line b. Liquidus Line c. Eutectic point d. X-axis

b. Liquidus Line

Knowing that FCC structures are likely to be more ductile than BCC structures, find which material can undergo larger deformations without collapsing. Material 1 properties: lattice parameter = 2.880 E-8 cm, volume per mol = 7.23 cm^3/mole. Material 2 properties: lattice parameter = 3.499 E-8 cm, volume per mole = 6.6 cm^3/mol. a. Material 1 b. Material 2 c. Both materials have a FCC structure d. Both materials have a BCC structure

b. Material 2

Polymers have long flexible chains with a carbon backbone. If various polymers were inserted into a machine that can vary in temperature to become molded to certain shapes, which polymer structure would require the machine to heat up the most to change its shape? a. Linear b. Network c. Cross Linked d. Branched e. C & D

b. Network

Quenching heated steel in oil to create coring in the material is an example of which of the following? a. Material prestressing b. Non equilibrium cooling c. Equilibrium cooling d. Material posttensioning

b. Non equilibrium cooling

Electrical conductivity of silicon increases when temperature increases because a. Velocity of electrons remain constant when temperature increases b. Number of free electrons increase rapidly as temperature increases c. Velocity of electrons increase rapidly as temperature increases d. None of the above

b. Number of free electrons increase rapidly as temperature increases

Zinc is often used as a coating for Iron nails so that they do not corrode away due to theweather elements. In this case, what type of protection is Galvanizing a. Physical Protection b. Sacrificial Protection c. Physical and Sacrificial d. None of the above

b. Sacrificial Protection

An isotropic material has... a. Same properties in all locations b. Same properties in all directions c. Different properties in all locations d. Different properties in all directions

b. Same properties in all directions

Upon near completion of a puzzle, you notice that 2 pieces are missing, 1 small and 1 large. You desperately try to find them but with no luck. Comparing this incomplete puzzle to an atomic structure, what type of defect would this be? a. Frenkel Defect b. Schottky Defect c. Cation-vacancy and Anion-interstitial pair defect d. Both b and c

b. Schottky Defect

Van der Waals and Hydrogen are what type of bonds? a. First b. Secondary c. Covalent d. Metallic e. Ionic

b. Secondary

In a phase diagram a material starts melting at the ______________ & its melting point is given at________________ a. Solidus line, Aqueous line b. Solidus line, Liquidus line c. Composite line, Liquidus line d. Crystalline line, Composite line

b. Solidus line, Liquidus line

If we perform a creep test on a viscoelastic material, we apply a constant ____ level and the deformation is time ____. a. Stress, independent b. Stress, dependent c. Strain, independent d. Strain, dependent

b. Stress, dependent?????????????????

What is the difference between temperature and heat? a. There is no difference b. Temperature is a measure of the average energy of molecular motion in a substance, while heat is the total energy of molecular motion in a substance c. Heat is a measure of the average energy of molecular motion in a substance, while temperature is the total energy of molecular motion in a substance d. Temperature can be measured, but heat cannot be measured

b. Temperature is a measure of the average energy of molecular motion in a substance, while heat is the total energy of molecular motion in a substance

Portland cements are manufactured by a process that combines sources of lime, silica, alumina and iron oxide. Ettringite has been found to be a problem for Portland concretes and affects the overall durability. Which of the following is not true about ettringite? a. It is a formation of long fibers that expose the concrete to an extreme amount of expansive pressure, causing large cracks b. It is a metastable phase in hydrated cement paste c. It is a product which causes damage in sulfate attack d. It is a product which causes damage in Alkali Silica Reactivity e. All of the following are true

d. It is a product which causes damage in Alkali Silica Reactivity

From the lead-tin phase diagram below, which of the following phases will be present for an alloy of composition of 83 wt% Sn at a temperature of 395°F? a. β+L b. α+L c. α+β d. L

d. L

Leonardo Da Vinci was known for his artwork but also for his engineering. In one of his experiments he continuously loaded a basket hanging from the ceiling by a thin wire. After some time, the wire broke. What kind of test did he perform, and would a longer or shorter wire have been stronger? a. Displacement test, shorter wire b. Load controlled test, longer wire c. Displacement test, longer wire d. Load controlled test, shorter wire

d. Load controlled test, shorter wire

You have a set of two of materials (same material) with two different flaws within it. This material has a Kc=45MPa*m^.5 . In Material 1, the flaw is 10 mm and it is in the middle of the material. Material 2 has a flaw of 8 mm on the edge of the material. Which product can take the largest stress before failing, and what is that stress? a. Material 1 at 254 MPa b. Material 2 at 245 MPa c. Material 1 at 262 MPa d. Material 2 at 258 MPa e. Material 1 at 267 MPa

d. Material 2 at 258 MPa

Diffusion rates will be faster for... a. Closely packed crystal structures compared to open crystal structures. b. Larger diffusing atoms compared to smaller diffusing atoms. c. Anions compared to Cations. d. Materials with secondary bonding compared to materials with ionic/covalent bonding.

d. Materials with secondary bonding compared to materials with ionic/covalent bonding.

The ability of a solid to allow fluids to pass through is also known as. a. Porosity b. Absorption Capacity c. Infiltration d. Permeability e. Diffusion

d. Permeability

The interface between a brick and mortar is strengthened by which physical property of the two components? a. Toughness of bricks b. Matrix-like behavior of mortar c. The process by which mortar is applied d. Porosity of the bricks

d. Porosity of the bricks

The ability of a material to absorb energy in the plastic range is called a. Toughness b. Creep c. Fatigue strength d. Resilience

d. Resilience

During the icy winter months, salt is place over the sidewalks and roadways to help melt the ice away. However, when you make homemade ice cream you use salt to help the ice cream freeze properly. Why is this? a. Salt has a higher heat capacity than that of water. b. Salt aids in lowering the melting temperatureof water c. Salt has a higher lower capacity than that of water. d. Salt aids in lowering the freezing temperature of water

d. Salt aids in lowering the freezing temperature of water

All of the following are properly discussed in regards to the influence of fiber lengths in a composite material EXCEPT a. The applied load is distributed among the fibers via the matrix phase. b. Reinforcement efficiency depends on fiber length. c. The critical length is determined by fiber diameter and fiber-matrix bond strength. d. The matrix phase is considered to be at least moderately brittle.

d. The matrix phase is considered to be at least moderately brittle.

What is similar about thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, diffusivity, and elasticity based on the following equations? a. They affect fracture rates. b. They all can be found on a stress/ strain diagram. c. They are all based on temperature. d. They are all material properties.

d. They are all material properties.

Which of the following statements is true concerning atomic structure and bonding? a. Crystalline structures are usually weaker with hydrogen bonding. b. Ionic bonding is directional and covalent bonding is non-directional. c. A higher melting temperature will occur with larger interstitial spaces. d. When a lattice has dislocations or vacancies elements such as water fill the vacancy causing reaction.

d. When a lattice has dislocations or vacancies elements such as water fill the vacancy causing reaction.

Sam made a model tower at school out of Popsicle sticks and scotch tape. Sam then accidently left his project outside overnight in the rain. When he came back the next morning the tape was unsticky and the tower had collapsed. This is an example of a. Chemical changes b. fatigue c. creep d. degradation e. plastic deformation

d. degradation

Which would not help prevent corrosion in an underground steel pipe? a. Painting the surface b. connecting it to a magnesium anode c. removing O2 gas by reacting it with an inhibitor d. increasing the temperature

d. increasing the temperature

Why does a balloon eventually fall to the floor? a. Diffusion b. The steady-state release of pressure. c. The non-steady state pressure gradient. d. A and B e. A and C

e. A and C

An engineer could stop corrosion from occurring on a submerged metal surface by _____. a. Changing the pH of the solution that the metal is submerged in. b. Inducing a charge throughout the metal. c. Connecting a sacrificial anodic metal to the original surface d. A & C only e. A, B, and C

e. A, B, and C

Diffusion coefficient for a material depends on _______ a. Molecular structure of diffusing species b. Pore structure c. Temperature d. Molecular structure of the medium e. All of the above

e. All of the above

In most high school physics classes, a Van de Graaf generator is used to demonstrate static electricity. When a student touches the generator, their hair stands on end and they can shock the next person in line. What is NOT an electrical property that allow these events to happen? a. The generator had a higher electrical potential b. The gradient of the voltage is non-zero c. The students are conductive; σ < 0. d. The charge imbalance between the students' hands and the generator cause electrons to flow. e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following are factors that affect fatigue life? a. Stress amplitude b. Surface conditions c. Design factors d. Surface treatments e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following helps to improve creep behavior? a. Have a larger grain size b. Use materials with a higher melting temperature c. Reduce dislocations d. Use materials with a larger grain size e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a steady state diffusion? a. An automated car wash the day after a rain storm; as soon as one car leaves the car wash, another car enters b. Filling up a bathtub with the drain plugged c. Leaving on your gas powered weed eater to drain the gas out of the tank for the winter d. Charging your phone at night while you're sleeping e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of these imperfections/conditions increase resistivity in metals? a. Grain Boundaries b. Dislocations c. Vacancies d. Temperature e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following is not affected by environmental stress cracking in polymer materials a. Fatigue/creep rupture lifespan b. Yield strength c. Critical stress d. Diffusion rates e. All of the above are true

e. All of the above are true

We discussed The Big Dig Tunnel ceiling collapse in class extensively. The collapse was caused because of a lapse of judgement by the engineers. The reason it happened was because of: a. Using fast-setting epoxy b. Overlook of creep failure c. Accelerating the construction process d. Improper experimentation to determine strength of bolts and epoxy e. All the above

e. All the above

When Iron undergoes anodic corrosion, the iron material experiences loss of section. What is/are possible negative consequence(s) due to this? a. Lower cross sectional area resulting in higher stress at that section. b. The atomic structure of the material changes. c. Sharper cuts in the material which leads to higher stress concentrations at the sharp points. d. Iron changes into a viscoelastic material. e. Both a and c

e. Both a and c

A solid cube of pure aluminum is sitting on the bottom of a fish tank with deep stagnant water. What is the state of stress within the aluminum cube? a. Surface Tension b. Uniaxial Tension c. Biaxial Tension d. Uniaxial Shear e. Hydrostatic Pressure

e. Hydrostatic Pressure

Which of the following is NOT an example of a benefit gained in use of a composite? a. Cost reduction b. Obtaining desired mechanical properties c. Appearance d. Obtaining desired physical properties e. None of the above

e. None of the above

Which of the following does NOT determine whether or not corrosion will occur? a. The kind of metal b. The presence of oxygen c. The presence of water d. pH levels e. Surrounding temperature

e. Surrounding temperature

Which material is most likely to have a very high heat capacity a. Magnesium b. Glass c. Oxygen d. Tungsten e. Teflon

e. Teflon

You place food coloring into two containers of water. The first container of water has a temperature of 90F while the second container of water has a temperature of 40F. Which of the containers will the food coloring diffuse with the water faster and why? e. The first container, diffusion occurs at a faster rate at higher temperatures. f. The second container, diffusion occurs at a slower rate at higher temperatures g. Both containers will have the same diffusion rate h. None of the above

e. The first container, diffusion occurs at a faster rate at higher temperatures.

When pouring driveways, construction workers will usually create divides in the pavement and place horizontal slots of wood in the space between slabs, this is mainly to account for what? a. Creep b. Chemical Degradation c. Fracture d. Fatigue e. Thermal Expansion

e. Thermal Expansion

What is the cause of plastic deformation in metals at the molecular level? a. A load is applied and removed repeatedly, causing the atoms to deform a little more each cycle b. The electronegativity of the primary element in the material (which determines bond type) indicates the type of deformation under stress. c. When a load is applied, molecular bonds stretch, lengthening the bonds and causing permanent deformation d. The atoms are stretched under an applied load, causing deformation e. Under an applied load, planes of atoms shear, causing slip and altering the original orientation

e. Under an applied load, planes of atoms shear, causing slip and altering the original orientation

The weather on a 65 degree day is comfortable outside. On the contrary, 65 degree water is very cold for humans. Why is this? a. Water's heat capacity is lower than air b. Water has a lower electroneutrality compared to air c. Sunlight reflects off of water's surface, keeping the water from absorbing as much heat. d. Water has a higher thermal expansion coefficient than air e. Water has a higher thermal conductivity than air

e. Water has a higher thermal conductivity than air

Diffusion is a faster process in what type of bond structure? a. Open crystal Structure,materials with secondary bonds b. Higher density materials c. Closed packed structures, materials with covalent bonds d. Lower density materials e. a and d

e. a and d

In the year 2012, San Antonio experienced a unprecedented heat wave never experienced in Texas. At the Tower of the Americas in San Antonio, some engineers are afraid that some thermal stresses may result from the heat wave in Texas, which could lead to serious problems. The engineers are particularly worried about the beams that span from the ground of the tower up to the top, which is 580 feet. What reason(s) do the local engineers have to believe that thermal stresses might occur within some of these beams? a. A gradient in temperatures b. A thermal mismatch between phases c. External restraints d. Both a and b e. a, b, and c

e. a, b, and c

You measure a first story support column of a building. You find it to be 15 feet tall and 3 feet wide. The owner of the building then moves heavy machinery into the second story. If you remeasure the column and find it to now be 14.979 feet tall. If you know the Young's Modulus of the column to be 200 GPa and the Poisson's Ratio to be 0.28. Calculate the strain, stress, and lateral growth of the beam. a. 0.0014, 280 MPa, -0.014 inches b. -0.0014, -280 MPa, 0.014 inches c. -0.0014, -280 MPa, 0.0504 inches d. 0.0014, -280 MPa, -0.0504 inches

c. -0.0014, -280 MPa, 0.0504 inche

Compute the cell potential of pure nickel (0.5M) in Ni2+ ions and cadmium (10-3M) in Cd2+ ions at 25 degrees Celsius. a. 1.24V b. 0.76V c. -0.073V d. -1.79V

c. -0.073V

The concentration at the outer surface of a 7 cm diameter, 0.6 mm thick spherical container made of BCC iron holding nitrogen at 775 °C is 0.004 atomic percent while the concentration at the inner surface is 0.09 atomic percent. How many grams of nitrogen does the container lose per hour? a. 0.121 g/hr b. 0.045 g/hr c. 0.011 g/hr d. 0.002 g/hr

c. 0.011 g/hr

Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in iron at 850C. The energy for vacancy formation is 1.08 eV/atom. Furthermore, the density and atomic weight for Fe are 7.65 g/cm3 and 55.85 g/mol, respectively. a. 0.99 10^23 m-3 b. 1.02 10^26 m-3 c. 1.18 10^24 m-3 d. 1.96 10^22 m-3

c. 1.18 10^24 m-3

Using the 10% probability of fracture line, estimate the number of cycles needed to cause fracture at a reverse stress of 130 ksi. a. 10.2^5 cycles b. 10.4^4 cycles c. 10^5 cycles d. 800 MPa

c. 10^5 cycles

During construction of a very intricate lighting system that is to be hung from the ceiling (tensile loading) a weld inspector informs you that he has identified "under cut" (a surface crack) in the steel pipe that is meant to hold a 400 lb light. If the radius of curvature of the crack is estimated to be .005" and the crack itself is .002" deep and the pipe being used has an OD of 3.5" and an ID of 2.864", calculate the maximum stress at the crack tip. a. 432.62 psi b. 103.86 psi c. 159.16 psi d. 602.23 psi

c. 159.16 psi

When studying materials, we can calculate a simple composite's Young's Modulus using one of two equations: Ec = EpVp + EmVm or Ec =. If we have a reinforced concrete slab consisting of 90% concrete (Econcrete = 17 GPa, Esteel = 200 GPa) placed under uniaxial tension (in line with the steel rods), what is the tension in the slab? Original Length = 10m, New Measured Length = 10.05m. a. 93.56 MPa b. 909.5 MPa c. 176.5 MPa d. 481.59 MPa

c. 176.5 MPa

Given the steady state creep rate below for nickel at 1273K, determine the steady state creep rate at 1123K with a stress level of 25 MPa. The activation energy for creep is 2.27x10^5 J/mol. a. 0.9 x 10-6 s-1 b. 6.7 x 10-4 s-1 c. 2.2 x 10-5 s-1 d. 5.6 x 10-4 s-1

c. 2.2 x 10-5 s-1

How many vacancies per cubic meter of copper are there knowing that the energy for vacancyformation, atomic weight, and density are .9 eV/atom,63.5 g/mol, and 8.40 g/cm3 a. 4.3 x 10^25 vacancies/m3 b. 3.6 x 10^25 vacancies/m3 c. 2.2 x 10^25 vacancies/m3 d. 1.2 x 10^25 vacancies/m3

c. 2.2 x 10^25 vacancies/m3

Using the rule of mixtures, estimate the upper and lower elastic moduli bounds for a composite consisting of tungsten articles in a copper matrix. The volume fractions and modulus of elasticity for tungsten and copper are 0.60, 0.40 and 407 GPa, 110 GPa, respectively. a. 455.3 GPa (upper) 409.5 GPa (lower) b. 213.6 GPa (upper) 195.7 GPa (lower) c. 288.2 GPa (upper) 195.7 GPa (lower) d. 187.4 GPa (upper) 123.4 GPa (lower)

c. 288.2 GPa (upper) 195.7 GPa (lower)

When building a bridge in an area that generally is under high temperatures, (i. e. Is near the equator), what material is most likely to be affected by these temperatures? (Think creep and stress relaxation). a. Steel b. Aluminum c. Epoxy d. Copper

c. Epoxy

Which form of corrosion correctly describes the corrosion on the Sattue of Liberty? a. Uniform corrosion b. Pitting corrosion c. Galvanic corrosion d. Erosion-corrosion e. Concentration cell corrosion

c. Galvanic corrosion

Which of the following analogies is representative of fatigue a. Pouring soda into a cup at exactly 2oz per second b. Scuba diving: the deeper you go, the greater the pressure c. Getting annoyed by a catchy song after repeating it multiple times d. Leaving a flashlight on and watching it fade away e. None of the above

c. Getting annoyed by a catchy song after repeating it multiple times

Interstitials are more common than vacancies in most materials because: a. Atoms are more likely to exist in abundance than not be present at all b. Interstitials do not affect the structural integrity of materials c. Interstitials are NOT more common than vacancies in most materials d. Smaller atoms that easily act as interstitials are common e. Vacancies require large amounts of energy to occur.

c. Interstitials are NOT more common than vacancies in most materials

The polymers Pentane and 2-methylbutane both have a chemical formula of C5H12 although they differ from each other in multiple ways on the physical level. What phenomenon is this referred to as? a. Ductility b. Frenkleism c. Isomerism d. Amorphous

c. Isomerism

All are attributes of ceramics, except... a. Covalent bonds b. Ionic Bonds c. Low melting point d. High hardness e. High stiffness

c. Low melting point

Why would a steel ship at the bottom of lake superior take longer to corrode? a. Salinity Levels b. Lack of chloride ions present c. Low temperatures d. Strong currents and high water traffic

c. Low temperatures

Which of these metals would work best if we were to attach it to a steel pipe as a means of cathodic protection? a. Gold b. Graphite c. Magnesium d. Silver e. Titanium

c. Magnesium

Defects presented in materials must satisfy what? a. Maintain density of the "perfect" material b. Always follow a Frenkel Defect c. Maintain charge balance d. Keep original amount of atoms

c. Maintain charge balance

Two materials are to be installed as a composite in series. Under a load of 2500 lb on a cross sectional area of 25 in^2, the composite can only have a strain of 1 in/in. Knowing that Young's modulus is 50psi and 150 psi for materials 1 and 2, respectively, determine the volumetric percentage of each material in the composite. a. Material 1 = 50% and Material 2 = 50% b. There is not enough information c. Material 1 = 25% and Material 2 = 75% d. Material 1 = 75% and Material 2 = 25%

c. Material 1 = 25% and Material 2 = 75%

Creep test

d

You have a steel beam in a low pH environment. Being a good civil engineer, you're worried that your steel will quickly corrode and your structure will become unstable. One method of preventing corrosion is to attach your beam to an electrical current. If you expect your pH to be 3, what voltage should your beam be at to not corrode? a. 2.0 b. 08 c. 0 d. -1.2

d. -1.2

Consider water flowing through a steel pipe with a length of 6 m and a radius of 75 mm. The flux of the steel pipe is 0.7 kg/m2-s after flowing in a perpendicular direction for 30 seconds. Calculate the mass transported per unit cross section. a. 0.12 kg b. 2.14 kg c. 2.22 kg d. 0.37 kg

d. 0.37 kg

Calculate the fraction of bonding of MgO that is ionic. a. 0.851 b. 0.236 c. 0.266 d. 0.734 e. None of the above

d. 0.734

Calculate the radius of a hypothetical metal with a FCC crystal structure, a density of 24.2 g/cm^3 , and an atomic weight of 187.3 g/mol a. 1.286 x 10^-8 cm b. 1.401 x 10^-8 cm c. 1.351 x 10^-8 cm d. 1.313 x 10^-8 cm

d. 1.313 x 10^-8 cm

Liquid Aluminum held at 675 °C is separated from a water-cooled steel shell held at 32 °C by a 5 cm plate of silicon carbide. What is the heat transferred to the steel per cm2 of silicon carbide every second? (Use 0.21 cal/cmsK for the thermal conductivity) a. 27.01 cal/cm2 b. 1.34 cal/cm2s c. 28.35 cal/cm2s d. 25.72 cal/cm2s

d. 25.72 cal/cm2s

A 1 cm x 1 cm bar of magnesium is stretched from a length of 8 cm to 8.035 cm when a force of 15,000 N is applied to it. Determine the modulus of elasticity. a. 72.44 GPa b. 1.03 GPa c. 234.38 GPa d. 53.57 GPa

d. 53.57 GPa

Self-interstitial defects are most similar to: a. A soccer player gets a red card, his team must play with 10 players now instead of the normal b. A company lays off an employee, they now must do the same amount of work with less manpower c. There is a shortage of cattle in the ranching industry, causing a shortage of steak at the grocery store d. A bridge has an extra beam placed during construction, causing the geometry and weight to be off balance e. A basketball team uses a sub from another team to complete their lineup

d. A bridge has an extra beam placed during construction, causing the geometry and weight to be off balance

Last Saturday, your friend drank too many cold beverages and managed to break one of your family heirlooms. Sadly, the material did not defor elastically before shattering. Which of the following is most likely to be the heirloom? a. A steel sword from World War II b. A tortoise shell made from polymer-like proteins c. An aluminum water jug from Africa d. A ceramic vase from the 1600s

d. A ceramic vase from the 1600s

Which analogy correctly describes steadystate diffusion? a. A battery's charge decreases with more use over time. b. A helium balloon looses helium over time. c. A bullet stops when it hits the target. d. A faucet running water will continue to run water unless someone turns it off.

d. A faucet running water will continue to run water unless someone turns it off.

Brittle fracture is more dangerous than ductile fracture because _______________. a. No Warning Sign b. No need for added stress during crack propagation c. Crack propagates at high speeds d. All of the above

d. All of the above

For substitutional solid solutions, properties that are involved in determining solubility are a. Atomic radius b. Crystal structure c. Electronegativity d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Resistivity increases with a. Temperature b. WT% impurity c. %CW d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

When modeling materials viscosity and viscoelasticity, what is used to model the behavior? a. Dash pots b. Springs c. Combinations of A & B d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following influence electrical resistivity? a. Temperature b. Material impurities c. Plastic deformation of the material d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Anisotropic materials have different physical and mechanical properties based on crystalline structure and direction. When taking the average of all these properties, the material behaves like: a. An imperfect polymer b. A lattice structure c. A unique crystal d. An anisotropic material

d. An anisotropic material

Which of the following is an example of failure due to fatigue? a. A storage shelf that has been loaded over the recommended capacity for several years and the shelves are permanently bowed b. A rubber band that breaks after being wrapped and unwrapped around stacks of $100 bills c. An athlete who tears a muscle due to consistent over exertion without a proper warm up d. B and C e. All of the above

d. B and C

A student has two balloons sitting on a table, one filled with water and the other filled with air. He pokes a hole in each balloon; the balloon filled with water stays on the table while the balloon filled with air flies around the room. The student concludes that this happens because: a. The bulk modulus of air is much lower than water b. The bulk modulus of air is much higher than water c. There is greater strain energy built up in the air versus the water d. Both a & c e. Both b & c

d. Both a & c

Why might an engineer want to introduce defects such as interstitial atoms into a material? a. Certain defects can improve material strength b. Some defects can help prevent corrosion c. An engineer would never want to introduce defects because they always weaken material strength d. Both a and b

d. Both a and b

Which one of these scenarios is an example of fatigue failure? a. A piece of wood breaking in half with one hard kick in the middle. b. A paperclip breaking in half by moving it back and forth repeatedly. c. An airplane crashing due to repeated pressurization and de-pressurization of the cabin because of an improperly installed window. d. Both b and c

d. Both b and c

In World War II, nearly 3,000 "Liberty Ships" were mass produced. About 1,200 of these ships suffered from cracking and 3 were lost when they split in two. They were exposed to water temperatures that were under the critical temperature of the steel used. What kind of failure does this exemplify? a. Creep b. Ductile Fracture c. Fatigue d. Brittle Fracture

d. Brittle Fracture

Atoms of which of the following elements will diffuse most rapidly into iron? a. Mo b. Cr c. W d. C e. Y

d. C

Which of the following is not true about fatigue failure a. Can occur in metals, polymers, and ceramics b. Is a type of brittle failure c. Can occur with very small loads, given enough time d. Can be caused in a single application e. All of the above are true (No false claim)

d. Can be caused in a single application

Stainless steel is a certain type of steel that has a certain element added to the steel in order to create stainless steel. Many household items are made out of stainless steel, such as various different types of cooking ware. What element is added to steel to create stainless steel and why is stainless steel used in kitchenware? a. Cobalt, because it has a high thermal conductivity b. Copper, because it has a high electrical conductivity c. Zinc, because it is not reactive with food d. Chromium, because it resists corrosion very well e. Titanium, because it will not affect flavor

d. Chromium, because it resists corrosion very well

Which of the following is NOT brittle? a. Cast Iron b. Hardened Steel c. Bronze d. Copper

d. Copper

Select the answer that orders the following materials correctly to match with their corresponding material property: Shear Thickening, shear thinning, Bingham plastics, Viscoelastic, Newtonian. a. Wall paint, corn starch, toothpaste, silly putty,water b. Corn starch, wall paint, silly putty, toothpaste,water c. Toothpaste, wall paint, corn starch, silly putty,water d. Corn starch, wall paint, toothpaste, silly putty,water e. Silly putty, wall paint, toothpaste, corn starch,water

d. Corn starch, wall paint, toothpaste, silly putty,water

If the surface crack causing fracture in a brittle material is made twice as deep, the fracturetoughness will_________________ a. Decrease by a factor of 2 b. Increase by a factor of 2 c. Decrease by a factor of 4 d. Decrease by a factor of sqrt2 e. Decrease by a factor of 0.8333

d. Decrease by a factor of sqrt2

Heavy trucks drive over an old metal bridge year after year, leading to a failure of the bridge after many years. This type of failure would best be described by what term? a. Creep b. Fracture c. Corrosion d. Fatigue e. Brittleness

d. Fatigue

Which of the following is not a property of single crystalline materials? a. A repeated structure throughout b. A regular geometric shape c. Can be both natural and manufactured d. Grain boundaries

d. Grain boundaries

: ____ have the highest thermal conductivity because of the _____ . a. Polymers, rotation of chain molecules b. Metals, motion of electrons c. Ceramics, motion of electrons d. Metals, atom spacing e. Ceramics, rotation of chain molecules

B Metals, motion of electrons

Which is not a type of point defect? a. Vacancy b. Dislocation c. Substitutional d. Interstitial e. All of these are point defects

B dislocation

It has been discovered that humans are slightly taller in the morning than they are in the evening time after standing and walking around throughout the day. What is the best reasoning behind this phenomenon? a. The disks in the spine are viscoelastic so they compress over the force of your bodyweight and return to normal after laying down and removing the force. b. The spine is a composite that is very ductile. c. The red blood cells diffuse through the vacancies of the spinal bone marrow during the day and leave the bone marrow in the evening when laying down. d. The atoms in the spine are held together by weak Van Der Waals forces and the interatomic spacing between the atoms compress easily

a. The disks in the spine are viscoelastic so they compress over the force of your bodyweight and return to normal after laying down and removing the force.

When bending a paper clip in an attempt to cause fracture the surface gets warm because (choose the best answer)? a. The ductility of the paper clip helps dissipate the mechanical movement into thermal energy. b. On a molecular level, the individual atoms experience the effects of friction. c. In the given system, body heat is the primary reason the surface of the paper clip is warm. d. As the paper clip approaches fracture, entropy creates heat on the surface

a. The ductility of the paper clip helps dissipate the mechanical movement into thermal energy.

How can delayed ettringite formations cause catastrophic failure in concrete structures? a. The ettringite crystals that form are long and pointy. They do not want to move out of the way and continue to grow in their spots, causing huge amounts of stress inside of the structure, which can lead to failure. b. This ettringite powder, when mixed with cement paste, becomes extremely corrosive. The concrete is rapidly eaten away, usually resulting in failure. c. The ettringite crystals begin to soak up water, which results in a significant increase in weight. The concrete cannot support this added weight and fails as a result. d. The ettringite formations delay the drying process of concrete. The concrete will look dry on the outside, but remain wet on the inside. If the forms holding the concrete together are taken away too quickly, the structure will flow out, causing failure

a. The ettringite crystals that form are long and pointy. They do not want to move out of the way and continue to grow in their spots, causing huge amounts of stress inside of the structure, which can lead to failure.

Which of the following is the most reasonable way on why the World Trade Center Collapse? a. The fire from the jet fuel caused the steel to melt because of high temperatures b. The added heat from the fire, induced thermal expansion on one floor causing a cascade of floors to fail c. The force impact from the airplane caused the building to collapse d. a&c e. b&c

a. The fire from the jet fuel caused the steel to melt because of high temperatures

A deep-sea fisherman catches a massive fish on a line and reels it in as fast as he can. By the time the fish reaches the surface, its body has expanded and killed the fish. What caused this? a. The negative stress due to hydrostatic compression on the body of the fish was reduced as it reached the surface. b. The hydrostatic expansion due to the water made the fish swell. c. The Poisson's ratio of the fish was changed to 1/2. d. The Poisson's ratio was changed to 0.

a. The negative stress due to hydrostatic compression on the body of the fish was reduced as it reached the surface.

It is a hot day outside so you decide to put a bottle of pure water in the freezer so that it will cool faster. You later realize (a few hours later) that you forgot your water in the freezer so you go back to get it. You open the freezer and are surprised to notice that the water is not frozen yet. You take the water out and accidentally drop it on the floor. You notice that the water has started freezing from the point where it contacted the floor until the whole bottle is frozen. Why did this happen? a. The water has been sitting at an unstable state in which it wants to become a solid, but doesn't have the dirt or other particle to form the first crystal. When the bottled water gets dropped it causes the first large crystal to align and do to the waters unstable state the rest of the water will form crystalline structure as a result of the first crystal. This will propagate until the water is completely frozen. b. This didn't occur because water's phase diagram doesn't allow for water to get below ts freezing point without freezing. c. Due to this being pure water it can never freeze. d. Both B and C

a. The water has been sitting at an unstable state in which it wants to become a solid, but doesn't have the dirt or other particle to form the first crystal. When the bottled water gets dropped it causes the first large crystal to align and do to the waters unstable state the rest of the water will form crystalline structure as a result of the first crystal. This will propagate until the water is completely frozen.

How do thermal properties explain why water at 70 degrees feels so much colder than air at 70 degrees to a person with an internal temperature of 98.6 degrees? a. Water has a higher specific heat than air and thus it takes longer for the heat of the person to warm up the water b. Air has a higher specific heat than water and thus it takes longer for the heat of the person to warm up the water c. Air will thermally expand more than water due to the higher temperatures introduced by the person's body heat d. Air will not thermally expand more than water due to the higher temperatures introduced by the person's body heat e. None of these

a. Water has a higher specific heat than air and thus it takes longer for the heat of the person to warm up the water

After a rock flew into your windshield and cracked it, you took your car to Zack at the auto shop. He returned your car saying that he stopped the crack propagation. When you looked at your windshield, you noticed that there is now a circular filled hole at the end of the crack. Why did Zack do this? a. Zack created a hole to increase the crack tip to decrease propagation. b. Zack thought it would look cooler. c. The filling decreases the rate of propagation. d. None of the above, Zack increased the rate of propagation.

a. Zack created a hole to increase the crack tip to decrease propagation.

Diffusion is the migration of atoms from a region of _____ concentration to a region of _____concentration. a. high, low b. low, high c. acidic, basic d. no, high

a. high, low

Resisitivity can increase by a. increasing the number of impurities b. decreasing temperature c. decreasing stress d. none of the above

a. increasing the number of impurities

The Liberty Bell was cracked during a test strike and had to be recast twice with different percentages of materials. What caused the Liberty Bell to crack initially and what does changing the percentages of the materials do for the Bell. a. The Liberty Bell cracked because it is viscoplastic and changing the percentages changes the molecular weight. b. The Liberty Bell cracked because it is too brittle and changing the percentages makes the composite more ductile c. The Liberty Bell cracked because it is too ductile and changing the percentages makes the composite more brittle d. The Liberty Bell cracked because it is brittle and changing the percentages increases the amount of vacancies.

b. The Liberty Bell cracked because it is too brittle and changing the percentages makes the composite more ductile

A bar of 2024 aluminum is loaded to its yield strength, what is the expected result? a. The bar fails b. The bar remains perfectly ridged c. The bar experiences stress but is unaffected in any way d. The bar undergoes a .002 deformation per definition of yield point

b. The bar remains perfectly ridged

The strength of a composite is dependent on the strength of both the matrix and the particulate. When dealing with concrete, it is often desired to strengthen the particulates in order to strengthen the entire mix. One method of strengthening the aggregates in concrete is to break them into smaller pieces and then mix them with the paste. Why does breaking an aggregate ultimately end up strengthening it? a. Breaking the aggregate raises the Young's Modulus of the aggregate. This strengthens the aggregate. b. The broken aggregates have smaller surface area. This causes them to bend stress flows around them. c. According to the Laplace Law, aggregates in concrete cannot fail more than once. By prefailing the aggregates, we strengthen the concrete d. The aggregates fail at the site of the largest defect. Without this defect, the aggregate is strengthened.

b. The broken aggregates have smaller surface area. This causes them to bend stress flows around them.

You go to the store in Michigan in December and buy a package of Duracell batteries. After some Internet searching, you learn that they consist of H+ ions and SO4 2- ions. Why does the battery performance degrade with temperature? a. The hot temperature of the battery contrasted with the cold temperature of the air causes the H+ ions to move faster, which degrades the performance faster. b. The cold temperature of the air increases the viscosity of the H2SO4 solution, which blocks the H+ ions from moving to the cathode. c. The cold temperature of the air contrasted with the heat of the battery causes it to sweat and build up battery acid. d. The cold temperature of the air caused the H+ ions to move in random directions instead of moving to the cathode.

b. The cold temperature of the air increases the viscosity of the H2SO4 solution, which blocks the H+ ions from moving to the cathode.

Why does increasing sulfate ion concentration negatively affect a concrete member? a. The concrete will form a new phase which is more dense, causing it to shrink and crack. b. The concrete will form a new phase which is less dense, causing it to expand and crack. c. The concrete will creep more quickly under these conditions. d. The concrete will become more brittle.

b. The concrete will form a new phase which is less dense, causing it to expand and crack.

Polypropylene is a plastic commonly used in food containers (such as Tupperware). We know it has a fairly high heat capacity (1850 J/Kg-K) and a low thermal conductivity (0.46-0.50 W/m-K). Based on this information what behavior do we expect from a Tupperware container storing very hot food? a. The container will quickly absorb heat from the food and become hot to the touch b. The container will not absorb much heat from the food and will remain cool to the touch c. The container will quickly absorb heat from the food but remain cool to the touch d. The container will not absorb much heat from the food but will become hot to the touch

b. The container will not absorb much heat from the food and will remain cool to the touch

What is not true about diffusion? a. The diffusion rate is faster in the anion b. The diffusion rate is faster in the cation c. Diffusion can harm materials d. Diffusion can strengthen materials

b. The diffusion rate is faster in the cation

What caused failure of the Big Dig tunnel in Boston, MA? a. The Ductile Brittle Transition Temperature of the steel support column was much higher than the low temperatures experienced in the Northwest. As a result, a car struck a column and the column failed causing a collapse in the tunnel. b. The epoxy used to hold concrete panels that hung from the ceiling was designed to withstand stress, strain, and most importantly, creep. A fast setting epoxy was used instead of the slower setting epoxy because it would save time and it had the same strength. However, the fast setting epoxy had poor creep resistance and, as a result, within a matter of time the ceiling panels fell, causing a collapse in the tunnel. c. The concrete used in the panels that hung from the ceiling were made with a high amount of opal aggregates. With a damp atmosphere in the bottom of the tunnel, the panels were subjected to high amounts of moisture. This moisture helped speed up the Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) that was occurring in the ceiling panels. This reaction caused many external cracks in the panels and these cracks allowed the high moisture to soak into the rebar supports in the panels. As a result, the rebar began to corrode faster than the engineers planned and then subsequently failed, causing a collapse in the tunnel. d. B and C e. None of these

b. The epoxy used to hold concrete panels that hung from the ceiling was designed to withstand stress, strain, and most importantly, creep. A fast setting epoxy was used instead of the slower setting epoxy because it would save time and it had the same strength. However, the fast setting epoxy had poor creep resistance and, as a result, within a matter of time the ceiling panels fell, causing a collapse in the tunnel.

You are conducting the fatigue lab with the aluminum beams. While administering the first -1 test, the beam breaks after one cycle. You test three more times and get six cycles in, for each beam section, until the aluminum breaks. Of the following choices, what is a possible reason for the first test's differing result? a. The Poisson's ratio for that particular section of beam was too high for this type of fatigue test. b. There was a larger number of defects in that section of the beam, compared to the others. c. Aluminum is an amorphous material, so it makes sense that different sections of the beam behave differently from one another. d. This section of the beam was undergoing a phase transition during the test.

b. There was a larger number of defects in that section of the beam, compared to the others.

Why may zinc plating steel be better than painting it? a. Zinc will anodically protect the steel. b. Zinc will self-regenerate when scratched. c. Zinc will cathodically protect the steel. d. Zinc is easier to reapply than paint.

b. Zinc will self-regenerate when scratched.

A civil engineering student is conducting an experiment on tensile strength. He has tested all the materials listed below and found that (blank) has the lowest tensile strength. a. ceramics b. polymers c. metals d. composites

b. polymers

Chromium is used in some steels in order to form stainless steel. Often stainless steel is made for jewlery due to its shiny coating and over all ability for wear and tear, if you had accidently scrached the surface of a ring what is going to happen to the ring? a. since it is now scratched it will rust due to the liquids getting on it. b. processes of diffusion will occur, moving the the high concentration of chromium from the center to the outer edge. c. nothing will happen, you just have a scrathed ring, get a new one. d. have an increase of wear resistance.

b. processes of diffusion will occur, moving the the high concentration of chromium from the center to the outer edge.

A strain gauge is a sensor bonded to a material that relates the strain in the material to a change in voltage caused by the strain on the strain gauge. A strain gauge is bonded to a piece of metal. A current of 2 amps goes through the wire in the strain gauge and causes a voltage of 5 volts. The cross sectional area of the wire in the strain gauge is 0.05 mm^2, the esistivity of the constantan alloy used for the wire is 5 E-7 Ω-m, and the original length of the wire before any strain is 100 mm. The voltage in the strain gauge after a load is applied to the metal is 5.5 volts. Determine the strain in the strain gauge wire, assuming that the change in cross sectional area of the wire is egligible. a. ε = 2.75 m/m b. ε = 1.25 mm/mm c. ε = 0.50 mm/mm d. ε = 1.00 m/m

b. ε = 1.25 mm/mm

Walter P Moore is designing the structural components of the new Engineering Education Complex on the Texas A&M University campus. In the designing of this structure, they must use steel reinforced concrete columns to efficiently brace the new structure. In a particular column a design team is trying to decide on what modulus of elasticity of concrete must be used if they would like to achieve a composite modulus of elasticity of 7.4*10^6 Psi. The team would like the volume of the steel to be 15 percent of the volume of the composite. It is known that the modulus of elasticity of steel is 30*10^6 Psi. What is the modulus of elasticity of the concrete that must be used to achieve this? a. 3.5*10^6 Psi b. 3.8*10^6 Psi c. 3.4*10^6 Psi d. 3.1*10^6 Psi

c. 3.4*10^6 Psi

If you have fiber reinforced concrete with the matrix having an E = 30 GPa (high strength concrete) and particulate E = 200 GPa (steel), what percent by volume would need to be steel using a series model to have a higher young's modulus than 20% steel with a parallel model? a. 20% b. 37.5% c. 62.5% d. All of the above e. It is not possible for the series model to give a higher young's modulus

c. 62.5%

Which is an example of viscoelastic creep? a. When a tire develops a flat spot after sitting for a long period of time b. The ceiling collapse of the Big Dig c. A and B d. Neither A nor B

c. A and B

The reflection of an atom across a twin plane can be seen as what kind of defect? a. Volume Defect b. Line Defect c. Area Defect d. Point Defect

c. Area Defect

Cracks in concrete are a ____ defect, and are considered a ____ fracture. a. Area, ductile b. Line, brittle c. Area, brittle d. Volume, brittle e. Volume, ductile

c. Area, brittle

A wine seller by the name of Zachary Grasley is looking to produce a new line of his "special stuff". Like most wine bottles, he decides to use cork in order to seal off the bottles. Why is this? a. Cork has a Poisson's ratio of one so it compresses then expands when exposed to liquid. b. Cork has a Poisson's ratio of zero so it compresses very easily. c. Cork has a Poisson's ratio of zero so it doesn't compress or expand. d. Cork has a Poisson's ratio of one so it doesn't compress or expand.

c. Cork has a Poisson's ratio of zero so it doesn't compress or expand.

A material with repeating or periodic arrays of atoms with a long range order is classified as a ______ material. a. Amorphous b. Textured c. Crystalline d. Chain Based

c. Crystalline

Which of the following is a possible explanation for why a family would notice that their doors no longer shut a few years after building a new home? a. Corrosion of the hinges b. Degradation of the fibers in the wood of the door c. Diffusion of water molecules in the soil causing the foundation to shift d. Elastic deformation in the door frame

c. Diffusion of water molecules in the soil causing the foundation to shift

Thermoplastic materials are those materials which a. Form into shapes under pressure and heat b. Result in a permanently hard product c. Do not become hard with heat and pressure, no chemical change occurs d. Are flexible

c. Do not become hard with heat and pressure, no chemical change occurs

A farmer has recently noticed that his farmland gets a lot of rain and that it seeps easily into the soil. Due to this fact he decides that he wants to drill a well. He contacts a geologist to take soil samples to determine if his land is suitable for a well. The geologist comes back a few weeks later and reports that the ground under the farmer's property is made primarily of limestone. Knowing that limestone allows for water to diffuse easily he decides drilling a well will be a good idea. He drills a small test hole and finds water. He tests the water and finds that the water has a ph of 4.7. Should the farmer continue to drill a well? a. Yes he should because this ph is normal for groundwater. b. Yes he should because limestone allows for easy diffusion of water, which means he will have a good well. c. No he should not because there is a possibility of a sinkhole forming due the acidic groundwater dissolving the limestone. d. No he should not because drilling a water well costs too much. e. Both A and B

c. No he should not because there is a possibility of a sinkhole forming due the acidic groundwater dissolving the limestone.

The statue of Liberty is made out of a thin layer of copper. Originally the statue was a brownish color but in recent years it has developed a green tint to the entire statue. Scientists have claimed that this change of color from the statue is a mechanism of protection from corrosion for the statue. What mechanism of corrosion protection is the copper displaying? a. Anodic protection b. Cathodic protection c. Passive protective layer d. Addition of inhibitors e. Both b and c

c. Passive protective layer

Which of the following will creep at a faster rate? a. Plastic coat hanger holding a sweater in a cool basement b. Metal coat hanger holding a heavy coat in cool basement c. Plastic coat hanger holding a heavy coat in a hot attic d. Metal coat hanger holding a heavy coat in a hot attic

c. Plastic coat hanger holding a heavy coat in a hot attic

The process of quickly cooling a material to create layers of different phases is called (similar to a jawbreaker): a. Casting b. Rapid Compaction c. Quenching d. Brittle Cooling

c. Quenching

In composites, which fiber reinforcement orientation will cause isotropic properties? a. Aligned, continuous (long fibers) b. Aligned, discontinuous (short fibers) c. Random, discontinuous (short fibers) d. A and B e. No type of fiber reinforcement will cause isotropic properties

c. Random, discontinuous (short fibers

A Real copper sample has been measured to have a lower strength than the theoretical strength of copper. This can be explained due to a. Real copper samples having the absence of defects within the materials b. The bond strengths being higher within the theoretical copper when compared to the real copper sample c. Real copper samples having defects such as dislocations or vacancies in the material

c. Real copper samples having defects such as dislocations or vacancies in the material

Solubility is likely to be high when two materials have... a. A large size difference. b. An electronegativity difference greater than 3.0. c. Same crystal structures. d. Valence electron difference > +/- 2.

c. Same crystal structures.

Liquid asphalt is tested by mixing it with a viscometer. The faster it is rotated, the lower the viscosity of the material. Which of the following models best represents the asphalt? a. Newtonian b. Bingham Behavior c. Shear Thinning d. Shear Thickening e. None of the above

c. Shear Thinning

Thermoplastic polymers, or polymers whose secondary bonding forces breakdown with added hear and allow the polymer chains to move relatively, have which of the following advantage(s)? a. They become permanently hard during formation and do not soften with added heat b. They lower in density allowing them to float c. They soften when heated and harden when cooled, and are totally reversible during formation below certain amounts of applied heat d. None of the above

c. They soften when heated and harden when cooled, and are totally reversible during formation below certain amounts of applied heat

A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid with properties that differ in many ways compared to Newtonian fluids. Most commonly, the viscosity is primarily dependent on which of the following factors? a. shear stress b. creep c. shear strain rate d. yield stress

c. shear strain rate

Which of the following is NOT one of the methods for measuring surface tension in liquids? a. indentation test b. capillary rise c. contact angle d. Wilhelmy plate

a. indentation test

How many moles of nickel are needed to cover a steel plate with a surface area of 2000 cm2 with a layer of nickel with a thickness of .0028 cm given the density of nickel is 8.902 g/cm3 and the atomic weight is 58.71 g/mol? a. 0.849 mol b. 5.11 x 1023 mol c. 2.48 x 1023 mol d. 0.746 mol e. 1.12 mol

a. 0.849 mol

You hang an outdoor hammock from the concrete ceiling of your patio by drilling holes and using a rapid setting epoxy to fasten the bolts into the holes. You decide to live on your patio for the duration of the summer. At the end of August your hammock falls from the ceiling while you're sleeping. What is the likely cause of this failure? a. Excessive creep of the epoxy b. Ductile fracture of the bolts c. fatigue stress accumulation in the epoxy d. You have a cheap hammock and the straps broke e. Yielding of the bolts

a. Excessive creep of the epoxy

A frequently used sidewalk is riddled with cracks. What was the most probable cause of these cracks? a. Fatigue b. Creep c. Corrosion d. Fracture e. None of the above

a. Fatigue

Which form of fastening steel together would provide the best protection against corrosion? a. Galvanized Bolts b. Painted Bolts c. Steel Rivets d. A weld e. None of the above

a. Galvanized Bolts

Stable crack propagation has a ____ fracture energy due to its ____ behavior. a. High, ductile b. High, brittle c. Low, ductile d. Low, brittle

a. High, ductile

Putting rebar in a concrete sidewalk improves which of the following material properties of the pavement: a. Tensile Strength b. Corrosion prevention c. Heat capacity d. viscosity

a. Tensile Strength

A composite of concrete and an amorphous fiber is scheduled to be used to create a driveway on a clay surface, why would this composite be used in this situation? a. The fibers make the concrete more like to bend not break when the surface underneath it expands and contracts b. The fibers will make the concrete stiffer and more likely to break in a brittle failure c. The concrete-fiber composite will be more aesthetically pleasing d. Both a and c e. All of the above

a. The fibers make the concrete more like to bend not break when the surface underneath it expands and contracts

You are designing an overhanging roof for your outdoor deck climate. The sheet metal you chose is made of steel. Great! What rivets should you choose as fasteners? a. The galvanized steel rivets are more expensive but they decrease the chance of rusting at the rivet. b. The copper plated steel ones as they are the cheapest and have the same strength as the galvanized steel. c. None of the above. Any glue or latex epoxy will work to glue them down. d. I don't know how to build a roof.

a. The galvanized steel rivets are more expensive but they decrease the chance of rusting at the rivet.

A 360-lb force is applied to a 0.1-in. diameter nickel wire having a yield strength of 45,000 psi and a tensile strength of 55,000 psi. Determine whether the wire will plastically deform and whether the wire will experience necking. a. The wire will plastically deform, but there will be no necking. b. The wire will elastic deformation. c. The wire will plastically deform, but there will be necking. d. The wire will not deform at all.

a. The wire will plastically deform, but there will be no necking.

In GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) gases are supplied around the welding wire to keep what from happening? a. To shield the weld from the atmosphere b. To provide additional ions to the metal c. To make a protective coating on the metal once cooled d. a and c

a. To shield the weld from the atmosphere

A hunter cuts a notch on the surface of his rifle for every deer he shoots. He's a bit of a braggart, so he wants the notches to be big and noticeable, but he doesn't want them to grow and damage the gun. What length should he cut the notches to? (axial = 3,000 psi from a departing bullet, Kc = 4 ksi*in0.5, Y = 1.1 on the surface, Y = 1 on the interior) a. 0.3 in b. 0.4 in c. 0.5 in d. 0.6 in

b. 0.4 in

Find the equivalent number of vacancies in 1 m3 of Copper at 1250 oC given that density = 8.4 g/cm3 ; ACu = 63.5 g/mol ; QV = 0.9 eV/atom a. 8.3912 x 1024 vacancies/mol b. 1.878 x 1025 vacancies/mol c. 1.878 x 1026 vacancies/mol d. 8.3912 x 1025 vacancies/mol

b. 1.878 x 1025 vacancies/mol

FCC lead has a lattice parameter of 0.4949 nm and contains one vacancy per 450 Pb atoms. Calculate the density. a. 2.8331 g/cm^3 b. 11.332 g/cm^3 c. 12.55 g/cm^3 d. 5.267 g/cm^3

b. 11.332 g/cm^3

A cylindrical rod is fixed at one end of a room and is stretched to a length of 3.015 meters from its original length of 3.01 meters. Knowing the Poisson's ratio is 0.30 and the original radius was 5 millimeters, how much did the radius shrink? a. 0.498 μm b. 2.491 μm c. 4.980 μm d. 1.502 μm e. 1.498 μm

b. 2.491 μm

The analogy that best describes non-steady state diffusion is: a. Water in a bath tub is left running until it overflows. b. A sealed balloon is filled with helium and remains at a constant temperature. The helium gas escapes over time through the skin of the balloon. c. The air conditioner runs at a constant rate until the room has reached the thermostat setting. d. Argon gas being used as a barrier against hydrogen embrittlement during welding. e. None of the above

b. A sealed balloon is filled with helium and remains at a constant temperature. The helium gas escapes over time

Which structure of iron would be best for a carbon atom to be an interstitial defect: a. FCC b. BCC c. HCP d. None of the above

b. BCC

All of the following are examples of plastic deformation except: a. A wire coiled 10 times around a magnetic core b. Broken glass c. Bent nail in wood d. Molded clay

b. Broken glass

Would you expect C (diamond) or Steel (Fe and C) to have a higher modulus of elasticity? a. C because it has ionic bonds b. C because of its crystalline structure c. Steel because it has metallic bonds and is an interstitially substituted crystalline structure d. Both A & B e. They are roughly the same

b. C because of its crystalline structure

Which of the following is not needed for ASR? a. Reactive silica b. Crystalline structure c. high pH d. sufficient moisture e. all are needed

b. Crystalline structure

The body diagonal of a BCC unit cell is a. The lattice parameter (a) b. Equal to the diameter at two atoms c. Not a close-packed direction d. None of the above

b. Equal to the diameter at two atoms

A polymer bar's dimensions are 1 in.×2 in.×20 in. The polymer has a modulus of elasticity of 50,000 psi. What force is required to stretch the bar elastically to 20.85.? a. F= 2125 lb b. F= 4250 lb c. F= 47,961.6 lb d. F= 2125 psi

b. F= 4250 lb

It is determined that once 40,000 vehicles weighing 10,000 lbs drive over a certain bridge, the bridge will be "unsafe" due to fatigue. About 2,000 normal size cars drive over it per day, but around 10 trucks weighing over 10,000 lbs drive over it per day as well. When will the bridge be "unsafe"? a. In less than 1 year b. In less than 10.96 years c. In exactly 10.96 years d. In exactly 11 years e. In exactly 10.97 years

b. In less than 10.96 years

The Statue of Liberty in New York is a national icon. There are many replicas throughout the world, including one in Paris, France and Lakenheith, England. All are made of copper, but only the one in England maintains its original brown color. What factors cause the color change on the statues in New York and Paris? a. The royal family has the English statue polished to remove the green film b. The New York and Paris statues sit on a body of water which allows oxidation c. Cold weather in New York increases the rate of oxidation d. The statue bases are more anodic than the statue, causing the statue to corrode

b. The New York and Paris statues sit on a body of water which allows oxidation

What can you assume about the bond length of tungsten (high melting point) vs. gallium (low melting point) a. The bond length of tungsten is longer b. The bond length of tungsten is shorter c. The bonds in gallium are covalent bonds d. Nothing can be assumed

b. The bond length of tungsten is shorter

An engineer is able to run across the top of a tank full of a thick fluid but when he stands still, he sinks to the bottom. How would you expect the slope of the shear stress vs shear rate graph of the fluid to change as the shear stress increases? a. The shear rate will decrease as the shear stress increases b. The shear rate will increase as the shear stress increases c. The shear rate will stay constant as the shear stress increases d. None of the above

b. The shear rate will increase as the shear stress increases

The Statue of Liberty is a valuable and vulnerable part of our cultural heritage. Which preventative method is used to protect the statue from corrosion? a. The surface of the statue was painted. b. The statue is made of self-protecting materials. c. Sacrificial anodes are connected to the statue. d. A specific voltage is pumped through the statue. e. Inhibitors were added to the metal.

b. The statue is made of self-protecting materials.

The inside surface of a cast iron pipe is covered with tar, which provides a protective coating. Acetone in a chemical laboratory is drained through the pipe on a regular basis. Which answer choice best explains why, after several weeks, the pipe begins to corrode. a. The tar chemically reacts with the acetone making it corrosive to cast iron. b. The tar is dissolved by the acetone exposing the pipe to corrosive materials. c. none of these. The pipe doesn't corrode. d. The tar alone slowly corrodes the pipe itself

b. The tar is dissolved by the acetone exposing the pipe to corrosive materials.

Though the catastrophic event of 9/11 left the nation stunned, studies of material properties have now made it possible to prevent future incidents. The World Trade Center's ultimate material failure was due to what methods of failures? a. Fatigue, mechanical properties, thermal properties b. Thermal properties, creep c. Fatigue, fracture, mechanical properties d. Creep, fracture, mechanical properties e. None of the above

b. Thermal properties, creep

In which of these situations would chemical damage be most significant? a. Using concrete for the supports of a bridge over Lake Superior b. Using concrete to contain an ammonia solution c. Using a polymer adhesive for concrete supports in a cold, dry and shaded area d. Laying a concrete foundation in an area where soils have poor sulfate concentration

b. Using concrete to contain an ammonia solution

If there is a crack propagating from the side of a material, which of these best slows the speed that the crack propagates? a. File the crack to a sharp point b. drill a round hole at the tip of the crack c. heat the material d. continually load and unload the material

b. drill a round hole at the tip of the crack

Necking occurs at which point a. yield point b. ultimate strength c. breaking point d. None of the above

b. ultimate strength

Material 1 has a young's modulus of 760MPa and Material 2 has a young's modulus of 110MPa. If a composite is made of 24% Material 1 and 76% Material 2, what is the lower limit of the composites possible young's modulus? a. 314.3 b. 226.0 c. 138.4 d. 604.0 e. 435.0

c. 138.4

What is the magnitude stress in a bar of aluminum heated from 473 K to 685 K if the bar is unable to expand? Thermal Coeffecient of Expansion = 23.6 x 10-6 ; E = 69 GPa a. 348.6 MPa b. 3452 MPa c. 345.2 MPa d. 288.6 MPa e. 3486 MPa

c. 345.2 MPa

Which of the following is not a real world example of diffusion? a. Spraying perfume on your wrist b. Two metals are placed to touch and after several years, they are morphed together c. Boiling water on a conductive ceramic counter top d. A helium balloon once floating to the ceiling, now rests on the floor e. Placing a teabag into water that has been heated up in the microwave

c. Boiling water on a conductive ceramic counter top

Determine the phases present and compositions of each phase for MgO-50 wt% at 2000C. a. Only solid, Cs = FeO-50 wt% b. Only liquid, Cl = FeO-50 wt% c. Both liquid and solid, Cl = FeO-65 wt%, Cs = FeO-35 wt% d. Both liquid and solid, Cl = FeO-35 wt%, Cs =FeO-65 wt% e. None of the above

c. Both liquid and solid, Cl = FeO-65 wt%, Cs = FeO-35 wt%

An extremely stiff material is needed that will break upon impact rather than bend in order to preserve the structural integrity of a building, this translates to having a very high young's modulus, which group of materials would you want to make this choice from? a. Polymers b. Metals/ alloys c. Ceramics d. Organic materials

c. Ceramics

An engineer is designing a beam and must drill several holes through the side of it. If the area of each hole will be the same, what shaped hole should he drill to reduce the stress concentrations at the hole? a. Square b. Oval c. Circle d. Triangle e. The stress concentrations will be the same for any shape because the area being removed is the same

c. Circle

What is NOT a role of the matrix in a fiber reinforced composite? a. Bind fibers together b. Transmit force between fibers c. Decrease ductility d. Protects fibers from environment and abrasion e. Keeps cost down

c. Decrease ductility

A property of a composite that does not depend on the orientation of the fibers is a. Elastic modulus b. Electrical conductivity c. Density d. Tensile strength e. None of the above

c. Density

Suppose we introduce one carbon atom for every 100 iron atoms in an interstitial position in BCC iron, giving a lattice parameter of 0.2867 nm. For the Fe-C alloy, find the density. a. Density= 2.84 g/cm³ b. Density= 3.95E-21 g/cm³ c. Density= 7.89 g/cm³ d. Density= 7.89E-21 g/cm³

c. Density= 7.89 g/cm³

Which of the following are FALSE a. Diffusion depends on the molecular structure of the diffusing species and the structure of the medium through which diffusion offers b. Diffusion is faster for open crystal structures than for close-packed structures c. Diffusion is independent of temperature d. Diffusion in porous materials is dependent on pore structure e. None of the above

c. Diffusion is independent of temperature

A support arch begins to fail under the weight of a bridge with an abandoned train parked on it, After the materials give it is found to have severe necking around the breaking point, what is the type of fracture is this and what is example of what metal it could be? a. Ductile; hardened steel b. Brittle; bronze c. Ductile; steel d. Brittle; copper

c. Ductile; steel

An asphalt road near Houston is in need of repaving. Which is the most likely the reason the road needs to be repaved? a. Ruts have formed due to overloaded trucks b. The road has reached the end of its designed lifespan c. Failure of the adhesion between bitumen and aggregate has created potholes d. a and c e. a, b and c

c. Failure of the adhesion between bitumen and aggregate has created potholes

Sand runs through an elbow causing it wear out. What material property would be desired to increase the life of the elbow? a. Ductility b. Young's Modulus c. Hardness d. Tensile Strength e. None of the above

c. Hardness

High fracture toughness is associated with which of the following characteristics? a. Deforms plastically b. Low viscosity c. High resistance to brittle fracture d. Low temperature

c. High resistance to brittle fracture

If the boiling point of water is 100 C, why is it that water vapor still exists at room temperature? a. Changes in voltage in the water creates steam b. Sunlight is slowly heating the water to the required temperature c. Lower pressure allows the water to exist as vapor at room temperature d. Higher pressure allows the water to exist as vapor at room temperature e. a, b and c

c. Lower pressure allows the water to exist as vapor at room temperature

Structures taken out of service after exposure to elevated temperatures or excessive static loading probably showed what type of deformation? Select the best answer. a. Microcracking b. Brittle, sudden failure c. Necking d. Large grain boundaries e. All of the above

c. Necking

The fracture toughness (KIC) a. Decreases as the crack size increases b. Increases as the applied stress increases c. Neither of the above d. Both of the above

c. Neither of the above

When you want to enjoy a beverage but it is too warm to enjoy it. What is the best way to cool it down? a. Put it in the freezer b. Put it in the refrigerator c. Put it in an ice chest full of ice d. Leave it outside on a cold Michigan night

c. Put it in an ice chest full of ice

When playing with play-doh it in high school algebra, Riley realizes that the more stress he applies to it the easier the play-doh is to move, this is an example of... a. A Bingham material b. A Newtonian material c. Shear thinning d. Shear thickening

c. Shear thinning

Glass has a heat capacity of 840 (J/kg-K), Steel has a heat capacity of 486 (J/kg-K), Teflon has a heat capacity of 1050 (J/kg-K) You add the same amount of heat to each material. Which is the most likely to increase in temperature? a. Teflon b. Glass c. Steel d. They are all the same e. None of the above

c. Steel

Which of the following is not part of the role of the matrix in fiber reinforced compounds? a. To bind fibers together. b. To transmit forces between fibers. c. To increase stiffness. d. To protect the fibers from the environment and abrasions.

c. To increase stiffness.

Often, viscoelastic materials can be modeled using springs and dashpots. Which one of these real world examples can be modeled by a spring and dashpot in series? a. pogo stick b. trampoline c. car shock absorber d. Tempurpedic mattress

c. car shock absorber

At which temperature is H2O a vapor when it is at a pressure of 0.15 atm a. -20 ∘C b. 20 ∘C c. 55 ∘C d. 110 ∘C e. None of the above

d. 110 ∘C

Fiber Reinforced Composites... a. Provides stiffness b. Provides ductility c. Provides toughness d. A and B e. All of the above

d. A and B

A square 0.2x0.2-m metal beam endures 1,000 N in axial force at all times. The modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa, and the ambient temperature is much less than 0.4Tm (Tm is the metal's melting temperature). After 5 years, what will the strain be? a. Exactly 2.5*10-8; creep is not physically possible at this temperature b. About 2.5*10-8; negligible creep occurred c. Exactly 1.25*10-7; creep is not physically possible at this temperature d. About 1.25*10-7; negligible creep occurred e. 0.05; the metal fractured due to creep

d. About 1.25*10-7; negligible creep occurred

The substitutional diffusion of Ni (solute) in Cu (solvent) a. Is a thermally activated process (improves with temperature) b. Increases in rate with increasing temperature c. Requires the presence of vacancies d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What is a reason that concrete spalling occurs? (chunks of concrete falling from structures) a. Freeze-thaw cycles b. Constant temperature c. Oxidation of the steel reinforcement d. Both A & C e. None of the above

d. Both A & C

Atoms of which of the following elements will diffuse most rapidly in iron? a. Molybdenum (Mo) b. Chromium (Cr) c. Tungsten (W) d. Carbon (C)

d. Carbon (C)

Which material tends to have a small toughness and high tensile strength? a. Metals b. Polymers c. Composites d. Ceramics

d. Ceramics

Which of the following statements about diffusion is false? a. Diffusion is driven by the concentration gradient b. In non-steady state diffusion, diffusion flux changes over time c. Close packed structures have slower diffusion rate d. Diffusion is faster for anions

d. Diffusion is faster for anions

In a defect in a material, there are paired sets of cation and anion vacancies. What is this called? a. Interstitial defect b. Frenkel defect c. Grain defect d. Shottky defect

d. Shottky defect

In general which of the following metals would be the most corrosive resistance in an ocean environment? a. Aluminum b. Copper c. Steel d. Stainless Steel e. Galvanized Steel

d. Stainless Steel

A200-g sample of aluminum is heated to 400°C and is then quenched into 2000 cm³ of water at 20°C. Calculate the temperature of the water after the aluminum and water reach equilibrium. Assume no temperature loss from the system. (Given 0.215cal/gK for aluminum) a. T= 25°C b. T= 40°C c. T= 52°C d. T= 28°C

d. T= 28°C

A factory needs a tank that will contain a volatile liquid. Their biggest priorities are that the material cannot allow diffusion, and that it needs a high melting point. Electrical conductivity is not a big factor, but they would prefer it to be lower. What is the best choice? a. Copper b. PVC c. Portland cement d. Titanium

d. Titanium

For a copper-silver alloy of composition 25 wt% Ag - 75% Cu at 775°C find the mass fractions of the α and β phases. (Note from the phase diagram figure assume: Cα= 8.0 wt% Ag and Cβ = 91.2 wt% Ag). a. Wα = 0.743, Wβ = 0.257 b. Wα = 0.671, Wβ = 0.329 c. Wα = 0.750, Wβ = 0.250 d. Wα = 0.796, Wβ = 0.204

d. Wα = 0.796, Wβ = 0.204

The creep rate increases with a. increasing temperature b. increasing stress c. decreasing grain size d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

When running an electrical wire through a house what has to be taken into account the most? a. Heat increase of the wire b. Voltage drop across the wire c. The current to traverse the wire d. b and c e. a, b and c

d. b and c

For aqueous corrosion involving oxidation of metal, which of these factors are not necessary? a. water b. oxygen c. correct pH d. increased temperature e. none of the above

d. increased temperature

What are Polymers like? a. Plastics, Wood, Cotton, and Leather b. Large Molecules c. Hydrocarbons d. Not purely Amorphous e. All of the above

e. All of the above

What is Failure? a. Inability to perform an intended function b. Too large of a deflection c. Fracturing into multiple pieces d. degrading e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following atoms are generally alloys? a. AI b. S c. Cr d. Ni e. All of the above

e. All of the above

You go outside in Texas and it suddenly pours down rain. However, because it was sunny two hours ago, you did not bring an umbrella so your clothes get wet. What forces explain this? a. Cohesive forces cause water to attract to your clothing. b. Adhesive forces cause water to spread across the surface of your clothing. c. Capillary action sucks in water to make them spread across the fibers of your clothing. d. A and C e. B and C

e. B and C

Which of the following are methods of limiting corrosion a. Reducing Temperature b. Add Inhibitors c. Add chloride ions d. All of the above e. Both A & B

e. Both A & B

An engineer is designing concrete beams to support the second floor of a two story building. Which of the following would be the most dangerous situation if the beams were to fail? a. The engineer designs the beams with no steel reinforcements b. The engineer puts steel reinforcements in the beams but not enough to keep the steel from failing c. The engineer puts enough steel in the beams that the steel will not fail d. Both a and c e. Both a and b

e. Both a and b

If you added excessive chloride ions to a steel reinforced concrete you could expect the cement paste to _________. a. Begin cracking b. Begin to conduct electricity c. Oxidize d. Immediately combust e. Chloride ions have no effect on the paste

e. Chloride ions have no effect on the paste

Concrete structures are taken out of service for a variety of reasons, with failure being one of the least common. Out of the following list of reasons, which one is NOT influenced by porosity? a. Sulfide attack b. Freeze-thaw c. Corrosion of reinforcing bars d. Alkali-silica reaction e. Delayed ettringite formation

e. Delayed ettringite formation

A sample of material is stretched until it breaks. The data is collected and plotted in a stress strain plot. When did the material begin to plastically deform? a. The material began to plastically deform as soon as the stretching began b. The material began to plastically deform when it reached its yield strength at the peak of the stress strain curve c. The material plastically deformed once it broke d. The material deformed elastically e. It cannot be determined without the data

e. It cannot be determined without the data ???????????

Sr2+ ions are replaced for silicon ions in quartz (Si02). What needs to be done to maintain a charge balance? What type of structure is it before and after substitution, respectively? a. Remove the silicon and add Sr2+; crystalline, amorphous b. Remove the silicon and add Sr2+; amorphous, amorphous c. Remove the silicon and add 4Sr2+; amorphous, amorphous d. Remove the silicon and add 2Sr2+; crystalline, amorphous e. None of the above

e. None of above